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PubMed1998

Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from pinnipeds stranded in central and northern California.

Over a 2-yr period (1994-1995), the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 129 bacterial isolates recovered from live stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) were studied. Nineteen genera of bacteria were isolated from various sites of inflammation; abscesses and umbilici were the most common sites. Seventy-two percent of the bacterial isolated were gram negative, and the Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp.) accounted for 75% of the gram-negative isolates. All of the gram-positive isolates were either Enterococcus spp. or Staphylococcus aureus. Multiple drug resistance was present in all but one of the bacterial isolates. The gram-positive bacteria were most susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (77% of 36 isolates) and least susceptible to lincomycin (18% of 11 isolates). The gram-negative bacteria were most susceptible to amikacin (91% of 91 isolates) and least susceptible to clindamycin (3% of 109 isolates).

Abscess↗

PubMed1998

[Phenotypic characterization of equine Dermatophilus congolensis field isolates].

In 1993 and 1994 a highly increased occurrence of equine dermatophilosis was observed, and a study was initiated to determine phenotypic heterogeneity among 120 clinical isolates using biochemistry, antibiotic resistance profiles, membrane protein profiles and Western blotting. The biochemical examinations contained 1% equine serum in medium. Moreover, the API ZYM-test from bioMérieux was used. The biochemical reactions were suited to identify Dermatophilus congolensis but did not allow a differentiation among the various isolates. Antibiotic resistance in one or more isolates was observed against polymyxin B, enrofloxacin, oxacillin, neomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol. All isolates were sensitive penicillin G, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, bacitracin and ceftiofur. The evaluation of silver-stained and immuno-stained membrane protein profiles showed minor differences among several isolates. In total, all isolates appeared to be closely related and the minor differences observed did not correlate with the geographic origin of the respective isolates.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Empyema caused by Corynebacterium striatum].

We present the case of a patient, male aged 21 years, admitted in our hospital for an empyema. A strain of C. striatum has been isolated from the pus sampled through the drainage tube. The isolate was identified on Api Coryne gallery (bio Mérieux S.A., France) (identity 97.1%). The disk sensitivity test showed sensitivity to penicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate and resistance to rifamycin, kanamycin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin. The arguments involving the isolated strain as the aetiological agent were: 1. The bacterium was isolated in pure culture and in significant quantity and 2. The existence of a favourizing clinical condition for an infection caused by a normal resident of the skin.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Pharmacological study of cefazolin during intermittent and continuous infusion: a crossover investigation in humans.

Levels of cefazolin were determined in plasma, urine, bile, and cerebrospinal fluid in humans after a bolus intravenous injection and during a controlled, continuous intravenous infusion. All the patients were studied in a steady-state and crossover fashion. In plasma, the mean peak level after bolus injection (1.5 g) studied in 12 patients was 206.5 mug/ml; during continuous infusion (6 g daily), the mean level remained stable at 52.6 mug/ml. With bolus injection and continuous infusion, respectively, 89.7 and 86.3% of the administered dose of cefazolin were excreted in the urine of nine patients over the 6-h period considered. The levels of cefazolin in common bile duct bile were studied in six cholecystectomized patients. In bile collected during the two 3-h periods of the experiment, the mean concentration of the drug in the bile after bolus injection was 66.9 and 22.0 mug/ml, respectively; during continuous infusion, the corresponding biliary levels were 50.7 and 51.3 mug/ml, respectively. In four neurosurgical patients with an intraventricular catheter, neither bolus injection nor continuous infusion resulted in a demonstrable concentration of cefazolin in the cerebrospinal fluid. The continuous intravenous administration of cefazolin might have some advantage over the intravenous bolus intermittent injections. In plasma, the area under the curve is greater with continuous infusion than with bolus injection. In bile, the levels of cefazolin are more sustained with continuous infusion than with bolus injection. This approach to intravenous administration of cefazolin deserves more pharmacological and clinical trials.

Bile↗

PubMed1964