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PubMed2003

Optimized determination of T cell epitope responses.

Pools of overlapping peptides corresponding to specific antigens are frequently used to identify T cell immune responses to vaccines or pathogens. While the response to the entire pool of peptides provides important information, it is often desirable to also know to which individual peptides within the pool the immune responses are directed. In this report, we analyzed various ways of deconvoluting an immune response to a pool of peptides to determine the number of different peptides to which the T cells are responding. We used a Monte Carlo simulation to optimize the construction of peptide pools that could identify responses to individual peptides using the fewest numbers of assays and patient material. We find that the number of assays required to deconvolute a pool increases by the logarithm of the number of peptides within the pool; however, the optimum configuration of pools changes dramatically according to the number of responses to individual peptides that are expected to be in the sample. Our simulation will help in the design of clinical trials in which the breadth of the response is being measured, by allowing a calculation for the minimum amount of blood that needs to be collected. In addition, our results guide the design and implementation of the experiments to deconvolute the responses to individual peptide epitopes.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1992

Electronic data interchange in hospital materiel management.

The survey findings reported here support the continued trend toward increasing application of computer linkages in hospital operations. A majority of the hospitals surveyed already had some sort of computer linkages with their suppliers, possibly an EOE system. There were strong indications of expanding computer linkages to other health care institutions, financial institutions, business partners (i.e., insurance companies), purchasing groups, supporting agencies (i.e., libraries, research laboratories, and counseling agencies), electronic mail, and patient billing. Private hospitals, especially nonprofit hospitals, were more aggressive in the implementation of computer linkages. The initial costs of electronic linkage systems seemed to be affordable, or well justified, as indicated by the relatively large number of medium-size hospitals already linked electronically to other institutions. Top management attention was positively related to the implementation of computer linkages to suppliers but played a lesser role in establishing other types of linkages. The overall optimism concerning future expansion of computer linkages suggests an increasingly important role for electronic linkages in materiel management.

Alabama↗
PubMed2005

A new mathematical process for the calculation of average forms of teeth.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Qualitative visual inspections and linear metric measurements have been predominant methods for describing the morphology of teeth. No quantitative formulation exists for the description of dental features. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine and validate a mathematical process for calculation of the average form of first maxillary molars, including the general occlusal features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Stone replicas of 174 caries-free first maxillary molar crowns from young patients ranging from 6 to 9 years of age were measured 3-dimensionally with a laser scanning system at a resolution of approximately 100,000 points. Then, the average tooth was computed, which captured the common features of the molar's surface quantitatively. This new method adapts algorithms both from computer science and neuroscience to detect and associate the same features and same surface points (correspondences) between 1 reference tooth and all other teeth. In this study, the method was tested for 7 different reference teeth. The algorithm does not involve any prior knowledge about teeth and their features. RESULTS: Irrespective of the reference tooth used, the procedure yielded average teeth that showed nearly no differences (less than +/-30 microm). CONCLUSION: This approach provides a valid quantitative process for calculating 3-dimensional (3D) averages of occlusal surfaces of teeth even in the event of a high number of digitized surface points. Additionally, because this process detects and assigns point-wise feature correspondences between all library teeth, it may also serve as a basis for a more substantiated principal component analysis evaluating the main natural shape deviations from the 3D average.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Isolation, characterization, and expression of cDNAs encoding murine alpha-mannosidase II, a Golgi enzyme that controls conversion of high mannose to complex N-glycans.

Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (GlcNAc transferase I-dependent alpha 1,3[alpha 1,6] mannosidase, EC 3.2.1.114) catalyzes the final hydrolytic step in the N-glycan maturation pathway acting as the committed step in the conversion of high mannose to complex type structures. We have isolated overlapping clones from a murine cDNA library encoding the full length alpha-mannosidase II open reading frame and most of the 5' and 3' untranslated region. The coding sequence predicts a type II transmembrane protein with a short cytoplasmic tail (five amino acids), a single transmembrane domain (21 amino acids), and a large COOH-terminal catalytic domain (1,124 amino acids). This domain organization which is shared with the Golgi glycosyl-transferases suggests that the common structural motifs may have a functional role in Golgi enzyme function or localization. Three sets of polyadenylated clones were isolated extending 3' beyond the open reading frame by as much as 2,543 bp. Northern blots suggest that these polyadenylated clones totaling 6.1 kb in length correspond to minor message species smaller than the full length message. The largest and predominant message on Northern blots (7.5 kb) presumably extends another approximately 1.4-kb downstream beyond the longest of the isolated clones. Transient expression of the alpha-mannosidase II cDNA in COS cells resulted in 8-12-fold overexpression of enzyme activity, and the appearance of cross-reactive material in a perinuclear membrane array consistent with a Golgi localization. A region within the catalytic domain of the alpha-mannosidase II open reading frame bears a strong similarity to a corresponding sequence in the rat liver endoplasmic reticulum alpha-mannosidase and the vacuolar alpha-mannosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Partial human alpha-mannosidase II cDNA clones were also isolated and the gene was localized to human chromosome 5.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of the K-ras gene of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica.

A cDNA clone isolated from a plasmid library contains the complete coding sequence for the K-ras gene of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica, a South American opossum. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the opossum K-ras gene is very similar to the K-ras coding sequences of placental mammals. The coding region of the opossum gene is 95% identical to the human gene at the nucleotide level; the human and opossum genes are 99% identical at the level of encoded amino acids. Transcribed but untranslated regions of the opossum gene 3' and 5' to the coding region are similar to corresponding regions of the human and mouse genes, but are less highly conserved than translated sequences. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the opossum K-ras cDNA clone, primers were designed that allowed amplification of exons 1 and 2 of the gene from opossum genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. When exons 1 and 2 of K-ras were amplified from DNA isolated from an ultraviolet radiation-induced eye tumor of M. domestica and the nucleotide sequence of amplified material was determined, a heterozygous mutation in codon 61 of the gene was detected. This T to A transversion resulted in a change in the amino acid encoded by the codon. The tumor from which DNA was isolated had previously been shown to contain a transforming K-ras oncogene. Thus, the opossum K-ras gene can be mutationally activated in a manner similar to the K-ras genes of placental mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang's autobiography (1850) in the light of hand-written and printed sources].

The archival collection of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilnius (Wilno) contains many manuscripts relating to the scientific work of Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang (1776-1859), professor of pharmacy and pharmacology of the Wilno University in the years 1807-1831, the founder and main figure in the Wilno pharmacognostic school, a botanist with substantial achievements in wide-ranging research on the flora of the Wilno region, as well as a historian of pharmacy. The most interesting of the manuscripts include Wolfgang's Autobiografia [Autobiography], written in 1850, and a list of his publications covering a total of 57 items (including some that have hitherto remained unknown), a work entitled Historya Farmakologii i Farmacyi [History of pharmacology and pharmacy], and a particularly valuable manuscript (666 + 12 sheets) entitled Farmakologiia [Pharmacology]. Worth mentioning are also two catalogues of books from Wolfgang's library: one compiled by Wolfgang himself (37 sheets) and the other by Adam Ferdynand Adamowicz. The content of the autobiography manuscript is contained on five sheets. The author of the present article analyzes the document, comparing the information contained in it with the biographies of J. F. Wolfgang that hhave been published so far (these being primarily the biography by Dominik Cezary ChodYko, published in 1863, and that by Witold W3odzimierz G3owacki of 1960). The text of the autobiography is quoted in full, together with numerous comments. The analysis of the manuscript as well as the biographical data contained in the above-mentioned biographies indicate that Wolfgang had great achievements as a scientist (in both research and organizational work), as a champion of public causes and as an educator of a generation of botanists-pharmacognostics. It also transpires from the autobiography, as well as from the research by historians, that he was a very good and trustful person, who readily granted access to his research to his collaborators and pupils. This eventually turned against him: he laments the loss of the materials of his floristic research "at untrustworthy hands" and deplores the fact that they were published under the name of other scientists. Jan Fryderyk Wolfgang died on 17 May 1859, in his estate at Po3uknie. He was buried at the no longer extant Lutheran graveyard at Pohulanka. A symbolic grave of Wolfgang is to be found at the Rossa Catholic cemetery in Wilno (sector XIV, grave no. 157).

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

The Gutenberg Bibles: analysis of the illuminations and inks using Raman spectroscopy.

The King George III copy of the Gutenberg Bible, held at the British Library, has been analyzed using Raman spectroscopy to determine the palette of pigments used in the illuminations on this work. The palette is found to comprise cinnabar/vermilion, lead tin yellow (type 1), carbon-based black, azurite, malachite, an organo-copper complex (a "verdigris"), calcium carbonate (chalk), gypsum, gold leaf, and basic lead carbonate ("lead white"). This is in agreement with contemporary descriptions of the pigments used for the illuminations. One pigment could not be identified, specifically the organic dark red/purple color used for the foliage. The palette of this copy of the Gutenberg Bible has been compared with those used for six other copies, held at Eton College and Lambeth Palace, England, the Bibliothèque Mazarine and the Bibliothèque nationale de France, and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin and the Niedersachsische Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek (SUB) Göttingen, Germany. The palettes are shown to be similar to one another, even though the styles of the primary illuminations differ. The two Gutenberg Bibles held in Germany, printed on vellum, have the more expensive palettes, which include lazurite. The SUB Göttingen copy has the most extensive palette with 16 pigment-related materials having been identified.

Bible↗
PubMed1997

Differential expression of ferritin heavy chain in a rat transitional cell carcinoma progression model.

To identify molecular markers with predictive value for the progression of superficial bladder cancer we used the differential hybridization analysis approach. Since primary tumor material is heterogeneously composed of subpopulations that are poorly characterized, we used in this study a rat progression model system that phenotypically and cytogenetically resembles human superficial bladder cancer. In the differential hybridization analysis we compared the mRNA populations of low and high metastatic tumor lines. We observed an overexpression of ferritin Heavy chain (ferritin H) in the tumor line with the lower metastatic capacity and better differentiated phenotype. The exact clinical relevance for the differential expression of ferritin H in human bladder cancer remains to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The isolation and characterization of a barley 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase gene.

The barley gene encoding isozyme I of 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase was isolated and sequenced. The 6260-bp region sequenced included 1885 bp of the 5'-flanking region, the entire coding region, an intron of 2490 bp, and 792 bp of the 3'-flanking region. The 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase mRNA was found to be regulated at the level of RNA accumulation by both gibberellins (positively) and abscisic acid (negatively) in barley aleurones. The mRNA for isozyme II preferentially accumulated (70%) relative to the mRNA for isozyme I (30%) in poly(A)-rich RNA isolated from material including both the aleurone and the scutellum tissues. The gene family encoding 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase enzymes in barley was found to be comprised of two closely related genes, isozymes I and II, as well as several related sequences that could be identified by Southern blot analysis. The nucleotide sequence for the 5' untranslated leader and the coding region for the signal peptide of the isozyme II transcript were determined from a cDNA produced by the polymerase chain reaction. The structure of the protein encoded by the isozyme I gene is also discussed.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed1997

Physical mapping of the rice genome with BACs.

The development of genetics in this century has been catapulted forward by several milestones: rediscovery of Mendel's laws, determination of DNA as the genetic material, discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA and its implications for genetic behavior, and most recently, analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Each of these milestones has generated a huge wave of progress in genetics. Consequently, our understanding of organismal genetics now extends from phenotypes to their molecular genetic basis. It is now clear that the next wave of progress in genetics will hinge on genome molecular physical mapping, since a genome physical map will provide an invaluable, readily accessible system for many detailed genetic studies and isolation of many genes of economic or biological importance. Recent development of large-DNA fragment (> 100 kb) manipulation and cloning technologies, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning, has provided the powerful tools needed to generate molecular physical maps for higher-organism genomes. This chapter will discuss (1) an ideal physical map of plant genome and its applications in plant genetic and biological studies, (2) reviews on physical mapping of the genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, and man, (3) large-insert DNA libraries: cosmid, YAC and BAC, and genome physical mapping, (4) physical mapping of the rice genome with BACs, and (5) perspectives on the physical mapping of the rice genome with BACs.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Nursing record systems: effects on nursing practice and health care outcomes.

BACKGROUND: A nursing record system is the record of care planned and/or given to individual patients/clients by qualified nurses or other caregivers under the direction of a qualified nurse. Nursing record systems may be an effective way of influencing nurse practice. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of nursing record systems on nursing practice and patient outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Cinahl, Sigle, and databases of the Royal College of Nursing, King's Fund, the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and the Institute of Electrical Engineers up to August 1999; and OCLC First Search, Department of Health database, NHS Register of Computer Applications and the Health Visitors' Association database up to the end of 1995. We hand searched the Journal of Nursing Administration (1971-1999), Computers in Nursing (1984-1999), Information Technology in Nursing (1989-1999) and reference lists of articles. We also hand searched the major health informatics conference proceedings. We contacted experts in the field of nursing informatics, suppliers of nursing computer systems, and relevant Internet groups. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials, controlled before and after studies and interrupted time series comparing one kind of nursing record system with another, in hospital, community or primary care settings. The participants were qualified nurses, students or health care assistants working under the direction of a qualified nurse and patients receiving care recorded and/or planned using nursing record systems. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials involving 1407 people were included. In three studies of client held records, there were no overall positive or negative effects, although some administrative benefits through fewer missing notes were suggested. A paediatric pain management sheet study showed a positive effect on the children's pain intensity. A computerised nursing care planning study showed a negative effect on documented nursing care planning. A controlled before-and-after study of two paper nursing record systems showed improvement in meeting documentation standards. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found of effects on practice attributable to changes in record systems. Although there is a paucity of studies of sufficient methodological rigour to yield reliable results in this area, it is clear from the literature that it is possible to set up randomised trials or other quasi-experimental designs needed to produce evidence for practice. The research undertaken so far may have suffered both from methodological problems and faulty hypotheses.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Heterologous in vivo processing of human preproendothelin 1 into bioactive peptides.

Endothelin (ET) is an extremely potent vasoconstrictor peptide of 21 amino acids, originally found in the supernatant of cultured vascular endothelial cells. To gain insights into its biosynthetic pathway, we expressed a synthetic RNA coding for the 212-amino acid precursor of human ET-1 (preproET-1) in Xenopus oocytes. Cell homogenates and oocyte incubation medium were tested by RIA using an anti-ET-1 serum. ET-1-like immunoreactivity was detected in oocytes injected with preproET-1 synthetic RNA but not in control oocytes and was much higher in medium than in cell homogenates. When preproET-1 was expressed in oocytes treated with monensin, a dramatic decrease in secretion of immunoreactive material was observed, indicating that secretion is mediated by the Golgi complex. ET-1-like immunoreactive material present in oocyte incubation medium was fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC into two main peaks, corresponding to the retention times of human big ET-1 and ET-1. Incubation medium of oocytes expressing the synthetic preproET-1 RNA elicited a characteristic vasoconstrictor response on rabbit vena cava, consistent with the biological activity that would be predicted from the amount of ET-1-like immunoreactivity measured. These results suggest that common pathways of ET maturation exist in widely different cells and that Xenopus oocytes may represent a useful tool in studying the cell biology of ET-1 synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A functional screen to characterize the secretomes of eukaryotic pathogens and their hosts in planta.

Complex suites of proteins that are secreted by plants and phytopathogens into the plant apoplast play crucial roles in surveillance, assault, defense, and counter-defense. High-throughput genome-scale strategies are being developed to better understand the nature of these "secretomes" and the identity of pathogen-derived effector proteins that subvert plant defenses and promote pathogenicity. Although combined bioinformatic and experimental approaches recently have provided comprehensive coverage of secreted proteins from bacterial phytopathogens, far less is known about the secretomes and batteries of effectors of eukaryotic phytopathogens; notably fungi and oomycetes. The yeast secretion trap (YST) represents a potentially valuable technique to simultaneously target pathogen and host secretomes in infected plant material. A YST screen, using a new vector system, was applied to study the interaction between tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, revealing sets of genes encoding secreted proteins from both pathogen and host. Most of those from the oomycete had no identifiable function and were detectable in planta only during pathogenesis, underlining the value of YST as a tool to identify new candidate effectors and pathogenicity factors. In addition, the majority of the P. infestans proteins had homologs in the genomes of the related oomycetes R. sojae and P. ramorum.

Algal Proteins↗
PubMed1989

A cloned DNA probe for the detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

DNA extracted from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which had been isolated from a cow with clinical Johne's disease, was used to make a gene library in the Escherichia Coli expression vector phage lambda gt11. Plaque-lifts were made from the library onto nitrocellulose membranes. These were screened by differential hybridization using radiolabelled chromosomal DNA from M. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium phlei. By this method six recombinants that hybridized to M. paratuberculosis but not to M. phlei were identified. Three of these, designated lambda gt-R3, lambda gt-R4 and lambda gt-RS, containing DNA inserts of 2.5,1.5 and 3.7 kilobases (kb), respectively, were chosen for further analysis of their insert specificities. Following restriction with the endonucleases EcoRI and BamHI, the digestion fragments from the three recombinants were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and probed with radiolabelled DNA from M. paratuberculosis and M. phlei. As expected, M. paratuberculosis DNA hybridized to all the fragments. M. phlei DNA hybridized to both the fragments that were generated from lambda gt-R3, to the single fragment from lambda gt-R4 and to two of the three fragments generated from lambda gt-RS. The fragment with which M. phlei DNA failed to hybridize was 0.45 kb in length. Multiple copies of this fragment were made in the plasmid pGEM-2; the plasmid DNA was then harvested and radiolabelled. Designated PAM-1, the radiolabelled material hybridized to a 3.7 kb fragment of EcoRI-digested M. paratuberculosis and to 2.2 kb fragments of similarly digested M. avium serovars 2 and 3. PAM-1 did not hybridize to DNA from the other four mycobacterial species examined or from Nocardia asteroides. The restriction fragment length polymorphism thus demonstrated distinguishes M. paratuberculosis from M. avium serovars 2 and 3.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Guaymas Basin.

The Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) is a hydrothermal vent site where thermal alteration of deposited planktonic and terrestrial organic matter forms petroliferous material which supports diverse sulfate-reducing bacteria. We explored the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the sulfate-reducing bacteria by characterizing PCR-amplified dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB) and 16S rRNA genes from the upper 4 cm of the Guaymas sediment. The dsrAB sequences revealed that there was a major clade closely related to the acetate-oxidizing delta-proteobacterial genus Desulfobacter and a clade of novel, deeply branching dsr sequences related to environmental dsr sequences from marine sediments in Aarhus Bay and Kysing Fjord (Denmark). Other dsr clones were affiliated with gram-positive thermophilic sulfate reducers (genus Desulfotomaculum) and the delta-proteobacterial species Desulforhabdus amnigena and Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNAs from the same environmental samples resulted in identification of four clones affiliated with Desulfobacterium niacini, a member of the acetate-oxidizing, nutritionally versatile genus Desulfobacterium, and one clone related to Desulfobacula toluolica and Desulfotignum balticum. Other bacterial 16S rRNA bacterial phylotypes were represented by non-sulfate reducers and uncultured lineages with unknown physiology, like OP9, OP8, as well as a group with no clear affiliation. In summary, analyses of both 16S rRNA and dsrAB clone libraries resulted in identification of members of the Desulfobacteriales in the Guaymas sediments. In addition, the dsrAB sequencing approach revealed a novel group of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes that could not be identified by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular engineering of silk-elastinlike polymers for matrix-mediated gene delivery: biosynthesis and characterization.

The unique advantage of genetic engineering techniques for the design and development of polymers for controlled gene delivery lies in exquisite control over polymer structure. In this article we report the biosynthesis and characterization of a series of new silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs), namely, SELP415K, with larger elastin blocks per monomer unit than SELP47K previously studied for matrix-mediated gene delivery. A new cloning strategy was used, where a block of eight elastin units (8E) was integrated into the existing DNA sequence of SELP47K monomer genes using appropriate restriction endonuclease recognition sites. Following random multimerization, multimer gene segments of desired size were selected, expressed, and purified on Ni-agarose columns. The molecular weight and sequence composition of the purified SELPs were determined by MALDI-TOF and amino acid analysis, respectively. The influence of structural changes on the rheological properties of the polymers was investigated. In addition, hydrogel disks were prepared from 47K and 415K-8mer polymer solutions, and the effects of cure time and environmental conditions on the hydrogel equilibrium swelling ratio as a function of polymer composition were studied. DNA sequencing and agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the successful cloning of the monomer gene segment of SELP415K consisting of 312 bp. Random concatemerization of SELP415K monomer gene segments resulted in a library of SELP415K multimer sequences of 6, 8, and 10 repeats respectively, each yielding a polymer with exact molecular weight and sequence. Rheometric measurements showed that both complex shear modulus (G*) and gelation point were influenced by polymer composition. Equilibrium swelling studies on hydrogel disks prepared from 47K and 415K-8mer polymer solutions showed that changes in polymer composition resulted in different gelation patterns and increased sensitivity toward changes in temperature and ionic strength but not pH. Together these results demonstrate the potential of recombinant techniques in engineering polymers with defined structures which allows the study of the structural parameters affecting matrix-mediated delivery of genes and bioactive agents.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Chromosome evolution: the junction of mammalian chromosomes in the formation of mouse chromosome 10.

During evolution, chromosomes are rearranged and become fixed into new patterns in new species. The relatively conservative nature of this process supports predictions of the arrangement of ancestral mammalian chromosomes, but the basis for these rearrangements is unknown. Physical mapping of mouse chromosome 10 (MMU 10) previously identified a 380-kb region containing the junction of material represented in human on chromosomes 21 (HSA 21) and 22 (HSA 22) that occurred in the evolutionary lineage of the mouse. Here, acquisition of 275 kb of mouse genomic sequence from this region and comparative sequence analysis with HSA 21 and HSA 22 narrowed the junction from 380 kb to 18 kb. The minimal junction region on MMU 10 contains a variety of repeats, including an L32-like ribosomal element and low-copy sequences found on several mouse chromosomes and represented in the mouse EST database. Sequence level analysis of an interchromosomal rearrangement during evolution has not been reported previously.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

EXPERIENCES IN THE RETRIEVAL OF OLDER MATERIAL FROM CLOSED STACKS.

Studies in the use of medical literature have been mainly confined to current or near-current publications. This paper reports a survey conducted on retrieval of material from a remote storage area. Out of a total of 45,000 volumes, some 2,500 monographs and 3,500 bound journals were selected for storage on the criteria of little use or out-dated content. In a three-year period, only 20 monograph retrievals were required, with no particular pattern of interest being evident. Some 175 journal retrievals were required, however, covering a wide period of time and showing surprising interest in surgery and ophthalmology. Experience in remote storage suggests that surgery and ophthalmology journals should be kept more readily available, as should also basic items like British Medical Journal, Lancet, etc., while some items should be relocated in nearby stacks. Criteria for selection for storage are being re-examined.

Book Selection↗

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