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PubMed1987

[First aid at the accident site from the trauma surgery viewpoint].

The optimal prior conditions for the following medical supply in the hospital can only be reached by quick and correct diagnosis and by starting the therapy immediately on the place of accident. After cardio-pulmonary restitution it is possible to realize the dimension of the trauma in a short time if you use first a cranio-caudal inspection and second an inspection of the extremities from peripher to central. By injuries of the vertebral column a short neurological general view is an indication for a complete or incomplete paralysis and so you can choose the correct method for the following rescue. Through reposition, splint and a correct bandage it is possible to lower the risk of infections especially by open fractures of the lower leg. The prior conditions of a correct primary therapy on the place of the accident are a faultless organisation of the life guard service and a high level of medical treatment.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First-aid management of psychological emergencies: 1.

Psychological emergencies are complex events whose management requires considerable skill on the part of the nurse aider. This article, the first in a series on the management of psychological emergencies, outlines the main areas of assessment and the nurse-aid management of a psychologically disturbed person.

Emergencies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First-aid management of psychological emergencies: 2.

Although disasters are not common in our society it is important that all nurses are prepared to help if one occurs in their locality. This article explores what nurse aiders can do in the emergency situation when faced with people suffering psychological reactions to disasters.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed2002

[New approaches in first aid for cardiovascular patients].

Sudden cardiac arrest is a major problem of our society. Ventricular fibrillation strikes without any warning. It leads to unconsciousness and death occurs within minutes. Every year at least 100,000 people die from sudden cardiac arrest in Germany alone. The following article is concerned with how todays rescue system can be improved in order to increase survival rates. The time which passes between occurrence of the ventricular fibrillation and the therapeutic defibrillation plays a major role. It is being observed that decentralizing the rescue system is of great advantage. The idea of the "first responder", involving laymen, family members, and company paramedics, reduces the rescue time extraordinarily. The introduction of a digital emergency health record which provides the doctor with all the important data on the patient briefly seems to be of equal importance. Hereby, delays based on false information can be reduced to a minimum. Optimizing the equipment by means of implementing automatic procedures which enable the application by laymen is just as important. But the key to medical success appears to be educating and repeatedly training as many people as possible.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1991

["Training the population in first aid"].

A pilot program of general training in Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (C P R) and Basic Life Support (BLS) sponsored by Sicily Regional Administration is illustrated. A practical training in Basic C P R and Emergency Care is offerec to many categories of population and High School students (aged 14-16 years).

Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure immobilisation bandages in first-aid treatment of jellyfish envenomation: current recommendations reconsidered.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether applying pressure equivalent to that of pressure immobilisation bandages (PIB) causes release of additional venom from discharged jellyfish nematocysts. DESIGN: In-vitro experiment--the venom beads released from electrically activated Chiropsalmus sp. nematocysts were viewed under direct microscopy before and after applying 40 mmHg pressure (replicating the pressure of PIB); and saline washings of discharged nematocysts before and after applying pressure were tested for toxicity (time to ventricular standstill after injecting into live prawns). RESULTS: Applying 40 mmHg pressure caused the venom beads to visibly increase in size, consistent with pressure expressing further venom from the discharged nematocysts. First washings of the nematocyst shafts before compression produced ventricular standstill in prawns within 60 seconds (n=3); second washings did not produce standstill during 540 seconds of observation (n=3); and washings after applying 40 mmHg pressure showed a return of toxicity, with ventricular standstill in all prawns within 180 seconds (n=3). CONCLUSION: Discharged nematocysts are by no means empty and harmless. Applying pressure results in further release of nematocyst venom. The currently recommended practice of applying PIB in the initial treatment of patients stung by a jellyfish may exacerbate the envenomation, and thus should not be recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

["Near-drowning". First aid at the scene of the accident. The need for aftercare and intensive therapy facilities (author's transl)].

Accidental drowning caused asphyxia which without active intervention leads to hypoxemic lesions of the entire organic system, the brain being the weakest spot. Contrary to earlier ideas derived from animal experiments, differentiation into the various pathomechanisms of drowning is irrelevant for emergency treatment and intensive medical aftercare. In all cases, arterial hypoxemia with its consequences are the main problem. Whereas in serious cases the victim of drowning is of necessity given modern intensive treatment, there is a danger for the less severe cases of "near-drowning" that intensive treatment does not appear essential at first and consequently they are usually neglected.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1987

[A trauma algorithm--a decision tool in first aid for severely injured patients].

Treatment for severe multiple injuries has quite often been impeded by erroneous diagnostic assessment by inadequately experienced physicians in hectic situations. A trauma algorithm flow chart has been devised for due consideration of all important steps in decision-finding. The therapeutic process has thus been improved, as demonstrated by a prospective study.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Burn injuries of children in first aid care].

Burn injury are second leading cause of accidental death in children. Treatment of burns depends on severity of injury, location, characteristics of child and mechanism of injury. Objective is to value the multiple problems in infant burns and immediate management in emergency room. The better and immediate treatment burns recover and prevent dirty scars.

Burns↗
PubMed1995

[Medical first aid and the transportation of burn patients].

The new trends in delivering emergency medical aid and transportation of burnt patients are outlined. The successiveness of emergency measures on the site of accident is specified, namely: securing patency of the airways, spontaneous respiration, free venous return for maintaining circulation. No local treatment of wounds is done. The need of transportation to specialized centers for treatment of burns throughout the country (4 units available) is substantiated. It is emphasized that adequate treatment, both infusional and operative, may be effected only by the specialized teams in such centers, and provided the casualties are hospitalized within the first few hours of trauma. The contraindications for transportation of patients in the early post-accident hours include: respiratory insufficiency, intubation, multiply injured patients and severe hemorrhages, as well as cases with unspecified diagnosis. Transportation is mandatorily carried out with an accompanying doctor under the supervision and consent of the team on duty from the respective center and its consultant.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1981

[General hypothermia. First aid and clinical treatment].

The general problematic of accidental hypothermia is pointed out. 12 patients have been treated with a new procedure of rewarming. This method is easy to apply, both at the site of accident and in the clinic without any risks. Considering the important principle of rewarming the core ("core fist") our method is successfully applied with only a few means.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health emergencies and first aid at construction sites in the Tuscany Region. The high speed and varying free way of Valico].

From 1996 the territory of Tuscany region and in particular that one of ASL 10 of Florence, has been interested from the realization of great works: the railway line to High Speed and varying of Valico of the A1 freeway between Florence and Bologna. ASL 10 has stipulated specific economic agreements with the been involved companies in the realization of the plans for a plan finalized to the prevention of the industrial accidents and to limit of the gravity with timely aids it adapts to you also in gallery, to guarantee to the workers the same performances sanitary of the city residents, to guarantee and to improve the quality of existing sanitary services on the territories in spite of the increase of the population weighing on the consequent territory to the takeover of the workers it engages to you in the realization of the great works. This plan has been realized with the creation of integrated aid system a to strengthen the territorial sanitary emergency, I extend the access to the base medicine to the workers and has not been able itself to answer to 93% of the question sanitary to the inside of the same yards with the infirmaries of yard without to resort to external structures.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1980

[Prolonged intraosseous blockades in first aid practice].

Under conditions of the emergency medical service 217 prolonged blockades were fulfilled in 138 patients with different injuries of extremities. The anesthesizing mixture was composed of 5% of novocaine and a large moplecule protein preparation (aminokrovin, aminopeptide, 8% gelatinol). The prolonged intraosseous blockade was found to be a highly effective procedure in the complex treatment of traumatic shock. No infectious complications were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[First aid and diagnosis of spinal injuries].

One of the most neglected lesions are spinal fractures for which early diagnosis is essential. Deviation of the spinal axis must be avoided during emergency treatment and transport. X-ray diagnosis must focus on the injured segment, and indirect radiological signs are also important. A CT-scan is the optimal means of early diagnosis. Emergency reduction is indicated in cases of neurological deficit and severe kyphosis. In such cases reduction means decompression.

First Aid↗
PubMed1983

[Emergency conditions in ophthalmology. First aid in general practice and in the clinic. 3: Leading symptoms "results of injury"--"unconsciousness"--"diplopia"].

The emergency situations in ophthalmology are divided into the main symptoms (acute loss of sight, pain in the eye, "Red Eyes", injuries, unconsciousness, diplopia). Subjective symptom identification, diagnosis and current therapy are briefly outlined. For the general doctor the important preceding symptoms are emphasized as well as the prognosis according to clinical treatment.

Brain Injuries↗

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