Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dieldrin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,801 records · Page 100Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Nerve membrane ion channels as the target site of insecticides.

Most insecticides are potent neurotoxicants that act on various neuroreceptors and ion channels. However, the major target receptors are limited to sodium channels, GABA receptors, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. DDT and pyrethroids act similarly on sodium channels to keep them open leading to hyperexcitation. Indoxacarb inhibits sodium channels and certain subtypes of nicotinic receptors. Dieldrin, lindane and fipronil block GABA receptors. Imidacloprid modulates nicotinic receptors in a complex manner. Spinosad's major target site appears to be nicotinic receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Maternal and fetal serum levels of organochlorine compounds in cases of premature rupture of membranes.

Blood residue levels of some organochlorine pesticides (DDT and its analogues, lindane, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide) and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in maternal and cord blood in 20 cases of premature rupture of fetal membranes at term and in 15 matched controls. No evidence of a possible organochlorine compounds role in the pathogenesis of premature rupture of the membrane was found.

DDT↗
PubMed1983

Dynamics of xenobiotic metabolism by isolated rat hepatocytes using a multichannel perifusion system.

The multichannel perifusion system in recirculating and non-recirculating (single-pass) mode has been used to monitor the rate of oxidative metabolism of three model substrates--7-ethoxycoumarin, dichloronitroanisole and aldrin. With control hepatocytes, the rate of de-ethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin derived from recirculating mode was essentially similar to the rate obtained with conventional flask-incubated cell suspensions. The formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide and sulphate by hepatocytes exposed to 7-ethoxycoumarin demonstrated the retention of conjugative ability of cells in the perifusion system. The rate of demethylation of dichloronitroanisole to dichloronitrophenol was low whilst aldrin epoxidation to dieldrin was rapid using control hepatocytes in recirculating mode. The inductive effect of phenobarbitone on hepatic mixed-function oxidases was demonstrated by a marked increase in the rate of 7-ethoxycoumarin (nine-fold) and dichloronitroanisole (64-fold) dealkylation by hepatocytes from phenobarbitone-treated animals in recirculating mode. The rate of substrate oxidation by hepatocytes perifused in the recirculating and the single-pass mode were the same. With dichloronitroanisole as substrate and a single-pass mode, the rate of dichloronitrophenol formation declined rapidly on perifusion with substrate-free medium and rapidly re-attained steady state on re-introduction of the substrate; the presence of metyrapone effectively inhibited dichloronitroanisole metabolism. The perifusion system is recommended for the study of the dynamics of xenobiotic metabolism by isolated mammalian hepatocytes.

Aldrin↗
PubMed1969

[A study on Aedes togoi as vector of filariasis in Che Ju lsland]

A study on the Aedes togoi to find out important biological and ecological factors as an efficient vector of filariasis, was carried out on Che-Ju Island for two years from 1968 though 1969. Results obtained are as followings: 1)Geographical distribution of the mosquito breeding habitat was found to be extensive covering circular areas of about three km distance along the shore line. The main breeding sites were rockpools and smaller holes on rocks retaining tide and/or rain water with high larval density; water tanks, pots, and other artificial containers retaining only rain water around the houses located within the area with relatively low larval density. 2)Species constitution of adult mosquitos collected in the study villages consisted largely of Aedes togoi with a range of 70~90 per cent by village. 3)The pH of the breeding sites ranged from 5.0 to l0.0, and the chloride content from 0.01 to 28.75 (gm/l). More than fifty per cent of examined sites, however, had pH 5.6~6.5 and chloride content of less than 1.0 gm/1. 4)The natural infection rate of A. togoi by filaria showed proportional relationships with microfilaria rates among the human population by area. 5)Experimental infection of A. togoi by human and dog filaria demonstrated that this species is an efficient vector for both filaria species proved by natural infection as well as experimental infection. 6)Susceptibility of both larva and adult of A. togoi to insecticide, DDT and dieldrin, showed considerable sensitivity in all villages tested.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[Determination of low-level pesticide residues in agricultural products by ion-trap GC/MS/MS].

The objective of this study was to elucidate the utility of ion-trap GC/MS/MS for the analysis of pesticides in extracted matrices from various agricultural products. Identification and quantitative analysis of pesticides in matrices were performed by quadrupole GC/MS and ion-trap GC/MS/MS. Chlorpyrifos was added to the matrix of spinach, soybean in the pod or corn, and aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, alpha-BHC, beta-BHC, gamma-BHC, delta-BHC, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT were added to each matrix of green tea, black tea or oolong tea. Although most of the pesticides in the matrix could not be determined by quadrupole GC/MS-Scan analysis at 0.1 microgram/mL, every pesticide was identified from the mass spectrum using ion-trap GC/MS/MS at the same concentration. The quantitation limit of every pesticide in each matrix by ion-trap GC/MS/MS analysis was higher than that by GC/MS-SIM analysis. The calibration curves obtained by GC/MS/MS were linear in the range of 0.01-0.25 microgram/mL of each pesticide. The recoveries of each pesticide from four kinds of samples spiked at the levels of 0.01 ppm to 0.02 ppm in extracts were 61.2-138.3% with SD values in the range from 1.2 to 15.4%. This study revealed that ion-trap GC/MS/MS was useful for the identification and quantitative analysis of low-level pesticides residues in matrices of agricultural products.

Crops, Agricultural↗
PubMed1975

Intussusception in a Florida manatee.

An intussusception resulting from an embedded fishhook and a mass of nylon cord, monofilament line, and wire was determined to be the cause of death in a Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Pathologic findings are given along with information on bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda), pesticide residues (DDE, PCB's and dieldrin), and parasites (Chiorchis fabaceus).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Environmental pollutant and necropsy data for ospreys from the eastern United States, 1975-1982.

Twenty-three ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) found dead or moribund in the eastern United States during 1975-1982 were necropsied and selected tissues were analyzed for organochlorines and metals. Major causes or factors contributing to death were trauma, impact injuries, and emaciation. DDE was detected in 96% of the osprey carcases, DDD in 65%, DDT and heptachlor epoxide in 13%, dieldrin, oxychlordane, and cis-nonachlor in 35%, cis-chlordane in 52%, trans-nonachlor in 45%, and PCB's in 83%. Carcasses of immature ospreys from the Chesapeake Bay had significantly lower concentrations of DDE, DDD + DDT, cis-chlordane, and PCB's than carcasses of adults from the same area. Concentrations of some organochlorines in ospreys from the Chesapeake Bay declined significantly from 1971-1973 to 1975-1982. Significant differences in concentrations of certain metals in the ospreys' livers were noted between time periods, and sex and age groups for birds from the Chesapeake Bay. During 1975-1982, adults had significantly lower concentrations of chromium, copper, and arsenic than immatures and nestlings, and adult males had higher mercury concentrations than adult females. Adult females had lower zinc concentrations in 1975-1982 than in 1971-1973. Immatures and nestlings had higher concentrations of chromium and lead in 1975-1982 than in 1971-1973. A slightly elevated concentration of chromium (1.7 ppm) or arsenic (3.2 ppm) was found in the livers of individual ospreys. Several ospreys had elevated concentrations of mercury in their livers; two ospreys had more than 20 ppm which may have contributed to their deaths.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Concentrations of contaminants in muscle of the American alligator in Florida.

Samples of tail muscle from 32 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Florida were analyzed for contaminant concentrations to provide preliminary information on the potential public health hazard of meat consumption. Detectable levels were found for eight metals; copper, zinc, iron, chromium, mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic. Mean residue was highest for mercury (geometric mean = 0.61 ppm). DDE, DDD, DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, and PCB's were found. Mean residue concentrations were compared by lake. Alligators appeared to be suitable monitors of environmental pollution. Concentrations of contaminants found in these animals probably pose little threat to public health. However, recommendations must await analysis of larger sample sizes and information on amount and frequency of meat consumption. Alligators killed for human consumption should continue to be monitored for contaminant residues.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed2004

Organochlorine pesticides in chorioallantoic membranes of Morelet's crocodile eggs from belize.

Recent studies examined the utility of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a nonlethal, noninvasive indicator of environmental contaminant exposure in oviparous wildlife. The CAM is a highly vascularized extraembryonic membrane that functions as a site for respiration, nutrient transport, and waste storage during embryonic development. After hatching, the CAM is usually discarded with the eggshell and can be used for chemical residue analysis. Chorioallantoic membranes have been used successfully to examine contaminant exposure and predict chemical concentrations in multiple species of birds and reptiles. In this study, we examined organochlorine (OC) pesticide concentrations in CAMs from eggs of Morelet's crocodiles (Crocodylus moreletii) from northern Belize. Multiple OCs were detected in crocodile CAMs, including aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), heptachlor, lindane, and methoxychlor. Number and concentrations of OC compounds in CAMs were variable. The most prevalent contaminant detected was DDE, which occurred in 69% of CAMs, with concentrations ranging from 0.3 parts per billion (ppb) to 17.0 ppb. The OC burdens in crocodile CAMs confirm contamination of eggs and suggest exposure in embryos and maternal females. These results further support the use of CAMs as qualitative indicators of OC exposure in oviparous wildlife. The efficacy of this sampling technique in the field will depend on the logistics and cost associated with CAM collection and the specific life history traits of the wildlife species.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed2004

Mercury and persistent organic pollutant concentrations in African fish eagles, marabou storks, and Nile tilapia in Uganda.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate persistent organic pollutant (POP) and mercury concentrations in tissues of African fish eagles (Haliaeetus vocifer) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Victoria near Entebbe and Lake Mburo, Uganda. Marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus) nestlings from urban Kampala (40 km from Entebbe) also were sampled for POPs and mercury. Total mercury was measured in the breast feathers of eight nestling and 10 adult African fish eagles from Lake Mburo, 10 nestling and five adult African fish eagles from Lake Victoria near Entebbe, and 20 nestling marabou storks from Kampala from June 2002 through January 2003. Mercury concentrations in all samples were below levels associated with adverse effects in similar species. Mercury concentrations were significantly higher in eagle adults and nestlings from Entebbe than in adults and nestlings from Lake Mburo (P< or =0.05). No significant differences (P> or =0.05) were found in mercury concentrations between sexes or between the entire fish eagle population sampled at Entebbe and marabou stork nestlings sampled at nearby Kampala. Plasma samples from the same birds were analyzed for 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane, aldrin, hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and their metabolites, as well as total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Nile tilapia whole-body cross sections collected from Lake Mburo (n=3) and Lake Victoria near Entebbe (n=8) also were analyzed for these POPs and mercury. No samples contained POPs or PCBs at the limits of detection except for 4,4'-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene in five adult eagle plasma samples (0.0026+/-0.0015 ppm wet weight) and five Nile tilapia samples (0.002+/-0.001 ppm wet weight) from Entebbe.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of rat fleas in and around Delhi (India) area and their susceptibility status to insecticides.

A rapid survey in Delhi and surrounding areas was undertaken in September 1994, during plague outbreak in District Beed (Maharashtra) and Surat (Gujarat) to monitor rodent/flea population and to determine susceptibility status of fleas to insecticides. The five rodent species in order of their prevalence were Rattus rattus (86.06%), Mus musculus (15.33%), Suncus murinus (2.47%), Bandicoota indica (0.48%) and B. bengalensis (0.48%). Two flea species, Xenopsylla cheopis and X. astia, were captured from these rodents. The absolute flea index was found to be ranging between 0.08 to 4.0 in various localities. X. cheopis and X. astia indexes were ranging between 0.22 to 2.08 and 0.08 to 4.0, respectively. Susceptibility test results with X. cheopis collected and reared in the laboratory revealed that it is resistant to DDT and Dieldrin, tolerant to Malathion and susceptible to K-othrin (Deltamethrin).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Organochlorine pesticide residues in sugarbeet pulps and molasses from 16 states, 1971.

Sugarbeet pulp and molasses from 57 processing plants in 16 States were sampled for pesticide residues. No molasses samples contained detectable pesticide residues, but about 15 percent of the pulp samples contained low levels of dieldrin, toxaphene, or DDT and its degradation products. Sugarbeet pulp, when used as animal feed, can be a source of pesticidal contamination of human food.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1976

Pesticide residues in urban soils from 14 United States cities, 1970.

Soil in 14 cities was sampled and analyzed for arsenic and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues. Heavy loads of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues were detected in the soil. In addition to DDT and its metabolites, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and toxaphene were detected. District variation appeared in some residue levels among cities. Pesticide residue levels in urban soils were generally higher than the residue levels detected in cropland soils of the same States.

Arsenic↗
PubMed1976

Occurrence of pesticide residues in four streams draining different land-use areas in Pennsylvania, 1969-71.

Samples of water, streambed material, fish, and soil were collected in four small drainage basins in Pennsylvania in 1969-71 and analyzed to determine the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. Water samples were also analyzed for phenoxy-acid herbicides. Each basin studied represents a predominant land use: forest, general farms, residential areas, and orchards. All water and fish samples showed pesticide concentrations less than the maximum level recommended by the Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. However, no fish were found in the orchard stream. DDT or one of its metabolites was the most frequently occurring insecticide and was detected in all media sampled except the forest soil. The highest combined concentration of DDT and its metabolites in storm-runoff samples was 11.4 mug/liter in a sample collected from the residential area stream, but the median was higher (0.12 mug/liter) in the orchard than in the residential area (0.02 mug/liter). A sample of the top 0.5 inch (13 mm) of orchard soil contained 40,000 mug/kg DDT and its metabolites, even though DDT had not been used in the orchards for several years prior to this study. Maximum concentrations detected in other orchard media are 330 mug/kg in streambed material and 3.45 mug/kg in storm runoff. Dieldrin was the second most frequently occurring insecticide. Other insecticides detected were chlordane, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, and a trace of aldrin in one fish sample. Each stream contained at least one of the following herbicides: 2,4-D, silvex, or 2,4,5-T.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1976

Pesticide levels in hay and soils from nine states, 1971.

In 1971 hay and soil samples were collected in 9 States to determine the incidence and levels of pesticide residues in hayfields. Residues were detected in 8 percent of the soil samples and 29 percent of the hay samples. DDT and its metabolites, DDE and TDE, were contained in 2 soil samples and 21 hay samples. Heptachlor epoxide and chlordane were detected in 1 soil sample, dieldrin in 5 soil samples, and diazinon in 4 hay samples.

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated↗
PubMed1976

Organochlorine pesticide residues in plain Chachalacas from South Texas, 1971-72.

Plain chachalacas (Ortalis vetula) from the intensively cultivated and sprayed Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas were analyzed for pesticide residues during 1971 and 1972. Residues of eight organochlorine pesticides and a polychlorinated biphenyl were identified in fat tissues of specimens collected from four study areas. Chemicals detected in all 24 birds and average residue levels (+/- SD) in ppm wet weight were: DDT (1.52 +/- 4.12), DDE (2.48 +/- 2.09), dieldrin (0.23 +/- 0.59), endrin (0.13 +/- 0,52), and Aroclor 1248 (0.17 +/- 0.20). Residue levels varied considerably, but the majority of the fat tissues contained significantly less than 1 ppm of these chemicals. Because birds of this species feed primarily on unsprayed native fruits rather than on sprayed crops, they adsorb very few pesticides through their diet. Although birds from exposed areas near cultivated field had generally higher residues than had birds from less exposed areas, these herbivores generally had much lower residues than would most birds living near heavily treated lands. During the present study there was no evidence that plain chachalacas died as a direct result of exposure to agricultural chemicals, nor was there evidence that eggshells of this species have thinned significantly since 1900.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Ecology of Anopheles stephensi Liston in southern Iran.

Anopheles stephensi mysorensis is an important malaria vector in southern Iran. It is known to be the vector of malaria in Abadan, Bandar Abbas, Kazeroun and Dezful. It readily attacks man. Precipitan tests on specimens from different parts of southern Iran showed that 15.7% were positive for human blood. This species usually rests indoors, but a small proportion of its population has been caught outdoors. Larval habitats vary. This species is resistant to DDT and Dieldrin in most of the areas of the Persian Gulf and Oman sea.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in medicinal plants sold in Coimbra, Portugal.

Levels of 14 organochlorine pesticide residues--1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) group (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE), HCH isomers (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, alpha-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate--were evaluated in 127 samples of medicinal plants collected in pharmacies (78 samples) and herb stores (49 samples) in 1996. Samples were divided between 15 national brands and 7 foreign brands. Most samples sold in pharmacies contained residues of gamma-HCH (51.3%). All residues were detected in analyzed samples, with exception of endrin in herb store samples. Detection frequency varied between 51.3% for gamma-HCH and 1.3% for endrin in pharmacy samples, and between 34.7% for HCB and 4.1% for endosulfan sulfate in herb store samples. Maximum residue levels were exceeded in 38 (48.7%) pharmacy samples and in 26 (53.1%) medicinal herb store samples.

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated↗

Refine your search to explore more results.