Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Conversation analysis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,801 records · Page 100Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of thiodiglycol in urine of victims of an alleged attack with mustard gas, Part II.

Improvements on a procedure for the determination of thiodiglycol in urine are presented. This procedure is based on the conversion of thiodiglycol to mustard gas with concentrated HCl followed by headspace analysis. With deuterated thiodiglycol as the internal standard, more accurate quantitative analyses are possible. Residual amounts of chlorine in the water used for preparation of standard solutions posed problems, and the reaction between chlorine and thiodiglycol in water has been studied. The possible formation of mustard gas from thiodiglycol and sodium chloride was also investigated. The modified procedure was applied to urine samples of several Iranian patients who were victims of an alleged attack with mustard gas and who were treated in European hospitals in 1986. With the exception of one relatively high value (330 ng/mL), the thiodiglycol concentrations were in the same range (10 to 100 ng/mL) as those found during an investigation in 1984. The urine of 20 male controls contained thiodiglycol amounts not above 20 ng/mL. The combined data obtained in 1984 and 1986 (25 Iranian patients and 25 controls) show statistically significant differences. Approximately 80% of the Iranian patients had levels above the 95% confidence limit calculated from the control group.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1997

Determination of Arabidopsis floral meristem identity by AGAMOUS.

Determinate growth of floral meristems in Arabidopsis requires the function of the floral regulatory gene AGAMOUS (AG). Expression of AG mRNA in the central region of floral meristems relies on the partially overlapping functions of the LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) genes, which promote initial floral meristem identity. Here, we provide evidence that AG function is required for the final definition of floral meristem identity and that constitutive AG function can promote, independent of LFY and AP1 functions, the determinate floral state in the center of reproductive meristems. Loss-of-function analysis showed that the indeterminate central region of the ag mutant floral meristem undergoes conversion to an inflorescence meristem when long-day-dependent flowering stimulus is removed. Furthermore, gain-of-function analysis demonstrated that ectopic AG function results in precocious flowering and the formation of terminal flowers at apices of both the primary inflorescence and axillary branches of transgenic Arabidopsis plants in which AG expression is under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. Similar phenotypes were also observed in lfy ap1 double mutants carrying a 35S-AG transgene. Together, these results indicate that AG is a principal developmental switch that controls the transition of meristem activity from indeterminate to determinate.

AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2003

Validation of acetabular cup wear volume based on direct and two-dimensional measurements: hip simulator analysis.

The volumetric wear in retrieved cups can be assessed by mathematical conversion based on linear measurements and by a fluid-displacement method. We used a hip simulator model to produce wear in 22-, 28-, and 32-mm hip implants and then assessed the volumetric wear using a gravimetric wear method. We then compared the findings with those obtained with the linear and fluid-displacement methods. For the linear method, we translated the linear wear to the volumetric wear using the equations developed by Charnley et al., Kabo et al., and Hashimoto et al. The fluid-displacement method showed the strongest correlation with the gravimetric wear method, and it was found to overestimate the volume slightly (by 3%-9%). According to the linear wear conversion, however, the equation by Kabo widely underestimated the volume by 33%-40%. The equation used by Charnley tended to overestimate the volume (by 4%-17%), whereas Hashimoto's equation tended to slightly underestimate the volume (by 2%-12%). The fluid-displacement method demonstrated an average error of 0.34% +/- 13.40% when the wear exceeded 400 mm(3). The linear wear was thus converted to the volume wear most accurately using Hashimoto's equation, with the average error being -3.8% +/- 14.0%. Of the four measurement modalities, the fluid-displacement method showed the most accurate results. We therefore confirmed that the fluid-displacement method is the most accurate way to determine volumetric wear in retrieved cups.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1996

Apparent gene conversions involving the SMN gene in the region of the spinal muscular atrophy locus on chromosome 5.

The survival motor neuron (SMN) gene has been described as a determining gene for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMN has a closely flanking, nearly identical copy (cBCD541). Gene and copy gene can be discriminated by sequence differences in exons 7 and 8. The large majority of SMA patients show homozygous deletions of at least exons 7 and 8 of the SMN gene. A minority of patients show absence of SMN exon 7 but retention of exon 8. This is explained by results of our present analysis of 13 such patients providing evidence for apparent gene-conversion events between SMN and the centromeric copy gene. Instead of applying a separate analysis for absence or presence of SMN exons 7 and 8, we used a contiguous PCR from intron 6 to exon 8. In every case we found a chimeric gene with a fusion of exon 7 of the copy gene and exon 8 of SMN and absence of a normal SMN gene. Similar events, including the fusion counterpart, were observed in a group of controls, although in the presence of a normal SMN gene. Chimeric genes as the result of fusions of parts of SMN and cBCD541 apparently are far from rare and may partly explain the frequently observed SMN deletions in SMA patients.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5↗
PubMed1986

[Application of the calculation factor to the analysis of foods of Venezuela].

The direct weighing method was used to determined the Conversion Factor (rate that exists between gross weight and net weight of a food) of tubers, vegetables, fruits, meats, viscerae, cheese and eggs. The amount of food lost by discarding the nonedible portion, was also established. Results from applying the Conversion Factor revealed that values obtained, differed from those reported in the Food Composition Table for Practical Use of the National Institute of Nutrition of Venezuela.

Food Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Kinetics of the interaction of dihydroalprenolol with beta-adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex.

Time and temperature dependence of the binding of 3H-dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA) to beta-adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex is described. The kinetic data obtained suggest that 3H-DHA binding proceeds through a two-step reaction scheme consisting of a bimolecular association step followed by an unimolecular internal conversion of the radioligand receptor complex (isomerisation). Equilibrium thermodynamic analysis provided evidence that the over-all binding process is associated with a small decrease in enthalpy and a substantial increase in entropy. Within the framework of the two-step binding kinetics, the evaluation of the temperature dependence by the van't Hoff analysis resulted in values for thermodynamic parameters for the single equilibrium steps. The data suggest that the association step can be considered as a bimolecular hydrophobic interaction which is mainly entropy-driven due to the release of structural water, while the isomerisation step is accompanied by a large negative change in both enthalpy and entropy. The large negative change in the activation entropy for the forward reaction of the isomerisation step, obtained from evaluation of Arrhenius plots, indicates an internal conversion to a highly ordered receptor-ligand complex, while the low activation energy points to a small threshold energy for reaching this structure. Thus, these result support a previous assumption that the hydrophobic center of an adrenergic antagonist interacts with the receptor by entering a pocket (Cherksey et al. 1981).

Alprenolol↗
PubMed1975

Conversion of SO2 to sulfur particulate in the Los Angeles atmosphere.

Gas phase and particular phase sulfur have been measured at various locations in the Los Angeles basin to determine atmospheric conversion rates and mechanisms. A new technique was developed for the measurement of particulate sulfur. From measurements of the particulate to gas phase sulfur ratio near the major stationary sources and far downstream and from estimates of travel time determined by air trajectory analysis, it is possible to estimate gas-to-particle conversion rates for sulfur. Such calculations show that automobiles presently contribute a major part of the total sulfur as measured at a receptor site such as Pasadena, while contributing only a small amount to the particulate sulfur loading. The introduction of oxidation catalyst-equipped vehicles may add significantly to the particulate sulfur at downwind receptor sites; predictions of particulate sulfur concentrations near freeways show substantial increases due to such vehicles.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1984

Conversion of testosterone and progesterone to oestrone by the ovary of the rat embryo in organ culture.

Ovaries from 19- and 20-day old rat embryos were cultured in the presence of [3H]testosterone and [3H]progesterone respectively, and the conversion of these precursors into [3H]oestrone and [3H]oestradiol was studied. By adding tracer amounts of [14C]oestrone and [14C]oestradiol to the culture media at the beginning of the analysis and crystallizing oestrone and oestradiol to constant specific activity, a conversion percentage could be calculated. There was no oestradiol formation either from progesterone or from testosterone. Oestrone was formed in measurable amounts from both precursors. It is concluded that in the ovary of the 19-20-day old rat embryo 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase favors the formation of oestrone.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2003

A new approach for the investigation of isoprenoid biosynthesis featuring pathway switching, deuterium hyperlabeling, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction mechanism of a novel streptomyces diterpene cyclase.

Recent methodology for the investigation of isoprenoid biosynthesis featuring pathway switching and hyperdeuteration has shown significant advantages in elucidating the reaction mechanism of a novel Streptomyces diterpene cyclase with use of precise atom-level analysis. Insight into the cyclization mechanism involved in the conversion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into a clerodane hydrocarbon terpentetriene was obtained by heterologous expression in doubly engineered Streptomyces lividans of a diterpene cyclase gene derived from Streptomyces griseolosporeus, a producer of an unique diterpenoid cytotoxic antibiotic terpentecin, and by in vivo labeling with mevalonate-d(9). The cyclization involved electrophilic protonation, cationic ring closure, Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangements, and deprotonation. A key feature was that the labeled metabolite as a mixture of predominantly deuterated mosaic molecules provided sufficient information that close analysis of the labeling pattern for each individual isoprene unit was achieved primarily by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The cyclization of GGPP into the clerodane skeleton catalyzed by the cyclase appears to involve Si-face specific protonation, intermediates with A/B chair-boat conformation, and specific methyl and hydride migrations to give an intermediary C-4 carbocation. Subsequent collapse of the cation through specific removal of the initiating proton and final elimination of diphosphate gives rise to the terpentetriene hydrocarbon.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2003

Rate-control versus conversion strategy in postoperative atrial fibrillation: trial design and pilot study results.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a frequent complication of cardiac surgery. The optimal treatment strategy has not been established. Retrospective studies have suggested that a primary rate-control strategy may be equivalent to a strategy that restores sinus rhythm. Fifty patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation were randomly assigned to a strategy of antiarrhythmic therapy +/- electrical cardioversion or ventricular rate control. Anticoagulation with heparin overlapped with coumadin was administered to both arms. The primary endpoint of the study was time to conversion to sinus rhythm analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The effects of strategy on hospital length of stay was examined as well as the incidence of recurrent AF. This study demonstrated no significant difference between an antiarrhythmic conversion strategy (n = 27) and a rate-control strategy (n = 23) in time to conversion to sinus rhythm (11.2 +/- 3.2 vs. 11.8 +/- 3.9 hours; p = 0.8). With Cox multivariate analysis to control for the effects of age, sex, beta-blocker usage, and type of surgery, the conversion strategy showed a trend toward reducing the time from treatment to restoration of sinus rhythm (p = 0.08). The length of hospital stay was reduced in the antiarrhythmic arm compared with the rate-control strategy (9.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 13.2 +/- 2.0 days; p = 0.05). In hospital relapse rates in the antiarrhythmic arm were 30% compared with 57% in the rate-control strategy (p = 0.24). At the termination of the study, 91% of the patients in the rate-control arm were in sinus rhythm compared with 96% in the antiarrhythmic arm. In conclusion, this pilot study shows little difference between a rate-control strategy and a strategy to restore/maintain sinus rhythm. Regardless of the strategy, majority of patients will be in sinus rhythm after two months. A larger randomized, controlled study is needed to assess the impact of restoration of sinus rhythm on length of stay.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2002

Relative effectiveness of methionine hydroxy analog compared to DL-methionine in broiler chickens.

Two broiler experiments were conducted to assess the relative bioefficacy of liquid DL-Met hydroxy analog-free acid (MHA-FA) and DL-Met (DLM). Exponential regression analysis was used to determine biological efficacy based on body weight, feed conversion, and carcass responses to dietary Met source. In Trial 1, four graded inclusion levels of DLM and liquid MHA-FA (0.06, 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24%) were each added to a basal diet that met the nutrient and energy requirements of broiler chickens, with the exception of Met + Cys. In four additional treatments, diluted DLM (65%) was added at the same supplementation levels as pure DLM and liquid MHA-FA. In the 42-d trial, broilers responded significantly (P < 0.05) to the supplements. Regression analysis revealed that liquid MHA-FA was 68% (weight gain), 67% (feed conversion), 62% (carcass yield), and 64% (breast meat yield) as efficacious as pure DLM on an as-fed basis. Responses to liquid MHA-FA and diluted DLM were very similar at corresponding supplementation levels. Diluted DLM as an internal standard confirmed that exponential regression analysis was a statistically valid technique for determination of the relative efficacy of nutrient sources. In Trial 2, five graded inclusion levels of each DLM (0.040, 0.091, 0.152, 0.222, and 0.303%) and liquid MHA-FA (0.045, 0.102, 0.170, 0.250, and 0.350%) were added to a basal diet limiting in Met + Cys but adequate in all other nutrients and energy. Liquid MHA-FA was 72% (weight gain), 51% (feed conversion), 48% (carcass yield), and 60% (breast yield) as efficacious as DLM on a weight-for-weight basis.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

A method for the isolation and identification of pyridoxal phosphate in proteins.

A method for the isolation and identification of covalently bound pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) contained in some enzymatic proteins is presented. The method involves acid hydrolysis of the protein in the presence of phenylhydrazine, separation of the adduct by elution from Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, isolation by HPLC, and either direct analysis by mass spectrometry with direct electron impact or conversion into trimethylsilyl derivatives followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under the prescribed conditions of hydrolysis, PLP forms its phenylhydrazone and is released from the protein and hydrolyzed to the phenylhydrazone of pyridoxal, which shows a typical fragmentation in direct electron impact and in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after silylation. The yield in phenylhydrazone of pyridoxal is on the order of 50% (+/- 5% SE, n = 15) when PLP is added to 10 mg of protein in amounts ranging from 20 to 40 nmol. Analysis of pig plasma benzylamine oxidase by this procedure confirms the presence of covalently bound pyridoxal phosphate in this enzyme.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1981

Biosynthesis and inactivation of ecdysone during the pupal-adult development of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae L.

Injection of labelled ecdysone and 2-hydroxyecdysone into Pieris pupae showed that their catabolism proceeds through 26-hydroxylation followed by conversion into acidic steroids assumed to be 26-oic compounds. This biological system is characterized by the lack of conjugation reactions and by rather long-lived hormones. In vivo biosynthesis of ecdysteroids was investigated by 24 hr [3H]cholesterol labelling, followed by HPLC analysis of the resulting [3H]ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Active conversion (up to 0.07% in 24 hours) was observed between 48 hr and 120 hr following pupal ecdysis, a result in good agreement with the variations observed in hormone content. Long-term [3H]cholesterol incorporation experiments made it possible to monitor ecdysteroid dynamics during pupal development. Three periods were observed, corresponding to successive accumulation of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and an acidic metabolite. Comparison of these results with those of the experiments involving labelled ecdysone injection shows that the catabolism of injected hormones is not the same as that of endogenous hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Intrahepatic amino acid and glucose metabolism in a D-galactosamine-induced rat liver failure model.

A better understanding of the hepatic metabolic pathways affected by fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) would help develop nutritional support and other nonsurgical medical therapies for FHF. We used an isolated perfused liver system in combination with a mass-balance model of hepatic intermediary metabolism to generate a comprehensive map of metabolic alterations in the liver in FHF. To induce FHF, rats were fasted for 36 hours, during which they received 2 D-galactosamine injections. The livers were then perfused for 60 minutes via the portal vein with amino acid-supplemented Eagle minimal essential medium containing 3% wt/vol bovine serum albumin and oxygenated with 95% O(2)/5% CO(2). Control rats were fasted for 36 hours with no other treatment before perfusion. FHF rat livers exhibited reduced amino acid uptake, a switch from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis, and a decrease in urea synthesis, but no change in ammonia consumption compared with normal fasted rat livers. Mass-balance analysis showed that hepatic glucose synthesis was inhibited as a result of a reduction in amino acid entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle by anaplerosis. Furthermore, FHF inhibited intrahepatic aspartate synthesis, which resulted in a 50% reduction in urea cycle flux. Urea synthesis by conversion of exogenous arginine to ornithine was unchanged. Ammonia removal was quantitatively maintained by glutamine synthesis from glutamate and a decrease in the conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate. Mass-balance analysis of hepatic metabolism will be useful in characterizing changes during FHF, and in elucidating the effects of nutritional supplements and other treatments on hepatic function.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

HPLC analysis of desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and cholesterol.

A simple and sensitive method to analyze mixtures of desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol is described. The method involves the oxidative conversion of the sterols with cholesterol oxidase, followed by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. A C18 reversed phase column (3 microns, 75 X 4.6 mm) and a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) at a rate of 1 ml/min are used to separate the sterols. The eluted sterols are quantified by measuring UV absorption at 240 nm. As little as 10 pmoles of sterol can be quantified under these conditions.

Cholestadienols↗
PubMed2004

Outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas vs aldosteronomas.

HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is most commonly performed for pheochromocytomas (PHEs) and aldosteronomas (ALDs). We hypothesize that LA for these differing tumor types is associated with different operative courses and outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective study of a 10-year experience with LA. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed on 149 patients. During data analysis, the initial 35 LAs performed for various adrenal lesions were excluded to account for the learning curve. Twenty-six of 30 PHEs and 34 of 45 ALDs were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis of variance was used to compare operative time, tumor size, estimated blood loss, and postoperative length of hospital stay between the PHE and ALD groups and subsets of these groups. chi(2) Analysis was used to compare tumor location, transfusion requirements, conversion to open procedures, and incidence of major complications. RESULTS: Right-sided lesions occurred in 19 of 26 PHEs, and left-sided lesions occurred in 28 of 34 ALDs (P <.001). Mean +/- SD tumor size of PHEs (4.9 +/- 1.8 cm) was larger than that of ALDs (2.7 +/- 1.7 cm) (P <.001). Mean +/- SD operative time for PHEs vs ALDs was 191 +/- 49 vs 162 +/- 48 minutes (P =.02). Mean +/- SD estimated blood loss was greater for PHEs (276 +/- 298 mL) than for ALDs (196 +/- 324 mL) (P =.33). Subset analysis revealed that the mean +/- SD size of right-sided PHEs (5.3 +/- 1.8 cm) was significantly larger than that of right-sided ALDs (3.0 +/- 1.5 cm) (P=.001). Mean +/- SD operative time for right-sided PHEs (198 +/- 44 minutes) was longer than that for right-sided ALDs (145 +/- 37 minutes) (P=.005). Six PHE patients required blood transfusions vs 2 ALD patients (P =.05). Two LAs, 1 PHE and ALD, were converted to open procedures. Mean +/- SD length of hospital stay was longer for PHE patients vs ALD patients (4 +/- 4 vs 2 +/- 3 days; P =.08). Six PHE patients had complications vs 3 ALD patients (P =.13). CONCLUSIONS: For PHEs, LA was associated with the removal of more right-sided lesions, larger tumors, longer operative times, and more complications. Trends toward greater estimated blood losses and longer hospital stays were observed for PHEs vs ALDs. Despite the advanced skills of an experienced surgeon, LA for PHEs is associated with a more complex course than for ALDs. Surgeons should begin performing LA for ALD early in their experience to avoid the potential pitfalls associated with PHEs.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed2001

What they talk about: conversations between child health centre nurses and parents.

BACKGROUND: The voluntary child health promotion programme reaches virtually all children in Sweden and each child will visit the child health centre about 20 times until it has reached school age. The practical responsibility for the tasks at the child health centre resides mainly with the nurse. The nurse's talk is the main instrument used to carry out health examinations, detect health problems and developmental deviations, pass on information and give individual advice and support to families. AIM: The aim of the study is to explore the content of the conversations and analyse its relationship to both the child health promotion programme and the question of which party decides what is talked about in these encounters. METHODS: The empirical study, approved by the Committee for Ethics in Medical Investigation, was conducted at three child health centres in medium-sized towns in Sweden. Data collection consisted of audiotapes of 44 visits to these child health centres. The tape-recorded conversations were transcribed verbatim and constitute the material. The analysis was content-orientated and was performed in four steps: coding and generating topics, categorization of topics, identifying the initiator and searching for regularities. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: The results showed that the most common issues discussed concerned the child's development (mainly physical aspects), situational matters and questions about procedures and routines. The nurses initiated most of the topics discussed and her dominance was established with the help of the official child health promotion programme. The findings evoke ideas about what possibilities the parents have of making their voices heard during the conversations. The conclusion is that the findings indicate a need for further research on nurse-parent/child communication during visits to the child health centre to acquire knowledge about the interactional consequences in the conversation when some topics are discussed but others are not.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

ADP stimulation of inositol phosphates in hepatocytes: role of conversion to ATP and stimulation of P2Y2 receptors.

1 Accumulation of inositol (poly)phosphates (InsP(x)) has been studied in rat hepatocytes labelled with [(3)H]inositol. Stimulation with ADP resulted in a significant increase in total [(3)H]InsP(x), whereas 2-MeSADP had only a small effect and ADPbetaS was ineffective. UTP and ITP also stimulated substantial increases in [(3)H]InsP(x). 2 The dose-response curve to ADP was largely unaltered by the presence of the P2Y(1) antagonist, adenosine-3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate (A3P5P). Similarly, inclusion of MRS 2179, a more selective P2Y(1) antagonist, had no effect on the dose-response curve to ADP. 3 The inclusion of hexokinase in the assay reduced, but did not abolish, the response to ADP. 4 HPLC analysis revealed that ADP in the medium was rapidly converted to AMP and ATP. The inclusion of hexokinase removed ATP, but exacerbated the decline in ADP concentration, leading to increased levels of AMP. 2-MeSADP was stable in the medium and ATP was largely unaffected. 5 The addition of the adenylate kinase inhibitor, diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A) significantly reduced the ADP response. HPLC analysis conducted in parallel demonstrated that this treatment inhibited conversion of ADP to ATP and AMP. 6 Inclusion of the P1 antagonist CGS 15943 had no effect on the dose-response curve to ADP. 7 These observations indicate that hepatocytes respond to ADP with an increase in inositol (poly)phosphates following conversion to ATP. P2Y(1) activation in hepatocytes does not appear to be coupled to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P(3)) production.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

Refine your search to explore more results.