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Early loss of blue-sensitive color vision in patients with type I diabetes.

Existing methods for early detection of ocular injury from diabetes have serious limitations. We describe a new method, measuring visual flicker discrimination of the blue-sensitive mechanism of vision. This method is noninvasive, quantitative, and capable of distinguishing two types of impairment. Blue-flicker discrimination was measured in 10 adults with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes for less than 5 yr. Although no evidence of diabetic changes was detected by careful ophthalmic examination by an experienced ophthalmologist, 12 of 19 eyes (63%) had flicker discrimination scores considered abnormal in comparison with those of a control group, and 8 of 10 subjects (80%) had at least 1 eye with abnormal performance. In all but 2 abnormal eyes the deficit of blue-flicker discrimination was of the "absorptive" type, suggesting increased absorbance or scattering of blue light in the optical media. These data show that a functional impairment of vision can be measured very early in the course of type I diabetes, before visible retinopathy is present, and suggest this test procedure may have both investigative and clinical applications.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Imposed delay of response: effects on aphasics auditory comprehension of visuality and non-visually cued material.

Two groups of aphasics were administered an auditory comprehension task under conditions of 0-, 5-, and 10-sec. imposed delay of response. The auditory-visual group received auditory and visual cues; the auditory group received only auditory cues. Comprehension for the auditory-visual group was significantly better than for the auditory group. Increase in delay time significantly improved comprehension for the auditory-visual group but not for the auditory group.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The Stroop phenomenon: perceptual conflict or response competition?

The Stroop phenomenon has recently been explained by two contrasting approaches, the perceptual conflict and the response competition. This experiment was designed to evaluate the two different explanations. 24 undergraduates were tested on the three sets of Stroop stimuli while hearing their verbal responses under delayed auditory feedback and under normal feedback. Delayed feedback produced differential response decrements across Stroop conditions. The findings supported predictions of the response-competition hypothesis and disconfirmed those of the perceptual-conflict hypothesis.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1980

Men's fabric preferences related to age, inherent color vision, and perceptual disembedding ability.

Non-random samples of 27 color-normal and 27 color-blind men between the ages of 18 and 52 were administered measures of color vision, fabric preferences, and perceptual disembedding (field dependence). Pearson product-moment correlation and analysis of variance were used to test associations among the variables. Results showed the rank order of men's fabric preferences from least to most preferred were pattern, large design, tint, textured, small design, shade, smooth, and plain. There was one significant relationship between age and a preference for tints. No significant relationships were found among fabric preferences and color vision, fabric preference and field dependence, or age and field dependence. Color-blind men were significantly more field-independent than color-normal men in the sample. It was concluded that social as opposed to inherent factors helped to determine men's fabric preferences.

Adolescent↗

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