Screening procedure for use with a self-help book to overcome dating anxiety.
Descriptive results from a screening procedure used to qualify individuals for inclusion into a study evaluating the efficacy of self-help manual are presented.
Adult↗
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Parental divorce during childhood and use of violence in dating relationships.
355 women and 173 men university students between the ages of 17 and 23 yr. completed a questionnaire which included Straus's Conflict Tactic Scales, and from which whether the respondents had experienced the divorce of their parents could be assessed. Two hypotheses were tested. First, individuals from divorced families would be more likely to report that violence existed in their current relationship than would individuals from intact families. Second, in those relationships which included violence, individuals from divorced families would report higher levels of violence than would individuals from intact families. Analyses indicated that individuals from divorced families were no more likely to report themselves as experiencing violence in their current relationship than were their cohorts from intact families. However, when the conflict tactic scores for men from divorced, men from intact, women from divorced, and women from intact families were compared, differences were found. Men from divorced families reported levels of violence for themselves that approached significance. Also, men from divorced families reported that their partners' verbal aggression approached significance and that their partners' use of violent behavior reached significance when compared to those of the other groups. These results indicate that having experienced a divorce in one's family may have a greater effect on later relationships for men than for women.
Adolescent↗
What women think and what men think women think: perceptions of abuse and kindness in dating relationships.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how college women and their boyfriends viewed their relationships in terms of both abuse and kindness. The women filled out the Psychology Abuse-Kindness Relationship Inventory for themselves and their boyfriends responded to the questionnaire as they thought their girlfriends would. Several intriguing findings resulted: (1) Men thought their girlfriends would respond more negatively about the relationship than the women actually did. (2) Certain aspects of the relationship resulted in more discrepancies between the men's and women's perceptions. (3) Women distinguished present from past relationships by describing the former as more positive and the latter as more negative; men made no such distinction. Alternative explanations were offered to account for these results including projection, denial, projective identification, lack of psychological separation within couples, men's emotional upbringing and deeply rooted feelings towards women.
Adult↗
Initiation of dates and anxiety among college men and women.
A dating questionnaire was completed by 248 undergraduate college students who were either dating someone in an exclusive relationship or were not going steady. Responses to this questionnaire by students not going steady with someone indicated that 54 college-age men were more active at initiating and more successful at getting dates than the 70 women. However, between one-half and three-fourths of the college women reported having initiated dates with men. Both sexes experienced considerable anxiety while initiating a date which suggests a self-help system might be designed to ameliorate this problem.
Adult↗
Divorce and dating violence revisited: multivariate analyses using Straus's conflict tactics subscores.
514 men and 891 women college students provided information concerning behaviors both they and their partners used within the prior six months to resolve conflicts in their relationships. Multivariate analyses assessed whether experiencing the divorce of one's parents would be associated with respondents' report of their own or their partners' conflict behaviors. Students from divorced families reported higher scores for their own behavior on the Violence subscale only, while they reported higher scores for their partners on both the Verbal Aggression and Violence subscales. These results suggest that coming from a divorced family may have lasting effects on later relationships of these individuals, particularly in conflict resolution.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Psychological reactance and violence within dating relationships.
86 male and 127 female undergraduates were classified into either nonviolent or violent groups based on their self-reported conflict-resolution behaviors within their dating relationships. Using the four subscales of Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale to define the dependent variables, multivariate analyses indicated that individuals in mutually violent relationships had significantly higher scores on all four of the reactance subscales than did those in nonviolent relationships. Men had higher scores than women only on the reactance to conformity subscale. These findings may suggest that both partners in violent dating relationships may be more protective of their personal sense of freedom and more sensitive to perceived threats to these freedoms and that psychological reactance as related to interpersonal control may be an important variable in violent behavior.
Adolescent↗
College date rape: incidence and reporting.
The present survey based on 70% returns (N = 140) of a random sample of 200 women at one college indicated that, although 5% had been date raped, none reported the rapes to authorities due to feelings of self-blame and embarrassment. That rapes are not reported perpetuates a self-fulfilling prophecy that rapes do not occur. A victim of rape may feel she is the only one and may be reluctant to become the exception who reports. This denial by both collage authorities and victims does not encourage programs for prevention and treatment.
Adult↗
Effects of drinking by the victim or offender on verdicts in a simulated trial of an acquaintance rape.
College students, 232 women and 151 men, read a simulated trial of rape by an acquaintance under one of four conditions: victim only drinking, offender only drinking, and both drinking or neither drinking before the alleged assault. How much students blamed the victim or offender for what happened and their verdict were unaffected by these conditions. Yet students rated alcohol consumption as having contributed to the alleged assault. Apparently, they simply did not attribute blame to consuming alcohol. How much students blamed the victim and the offender and having been or having known a rape victim predicted jurors' verdicts with 89% accuracy.
Adolescent↗
Men's preferences in romantic partners: obesity vs addiction.
Fewer men responded to a personal advertisement in which a woman identified herself as obese than to one in which she indicated a history of drug addiction. The men who responded to the two advertisements also disclosed their own obesity or addiction.
Adult↗
Picnics, flowers, and moonlight strolls: an exploration of routine love behaviors.
This study focused on the behavioral aspect of love, with a purpose of explicating routine behaviors associated with love. A 37-item Love Behaviors Scale was created to explicate those behaviors indicative of expressing love towards a romantic partner. Analysis of the resulting factor matrix yielded a reliable five-factor structure of the behaviors--Mutual Activity, Special Occasion, Offerings, Selfless, Sacrifices. Although both genders considered the behaviors to be love-related, women placed greater emphasis on the behaviors than men. Individuals who had never been in love also perceived the behaviors as love-related. Participants also indicated 13 additional behaviors which should be included in the Love Behaviors Scale.
Adolescent↗
Psychological abuse in dating, locus of control, depression, and suicidal preoccupation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Association of identity and intimacy: an exploration of gender and sex-role orientation.
This study examined Erikson's psychosocial crises of identity versus identity diffusion and intimacy versus isolation, focusing specifically on how sex-role orientation contributes to gender differences in the resolution of these two crises. Perceptions of competence in self-disclosure and emotional support in both same-sex friendships and relationships with heterosexual dating partners, along with achievement of ideological and interpersonal identity, were included in the study so that differences could be examined. First-year and fourth-year college students (n = 135) at a large midwestern university responded to measures assessing identity, capacity for intimacy, and sex-role orientation. When controlling for sex-role orientation, the relationship between identity and intimacy was nonsignificant for men but significant for women.
Adolescent↗
Jealousy induction as a predictor of power and the use of other control methods in heterosexual relationships.
26 male and 87 female college students filled out Stets' Psychological Aggression Scale, Stets' Interpersonal Control Scale, Straus' Physical Violence Scale, and Fisch and Brainerd's Use and Approval of Jealousy-inducing Behaviors Scale. Use and approval of jealousy-inducing behaviors were good predictors of high need for interpersonal control and the use of psychological aggression. The use of jealousy-inducing behaviors but not the approval of these behaviors was a strong predictor of physical aggression in romantic relationships.
Adult↗
Dating, social avoidance and distress.
For 200 undergraduates association of dating and social avoidance and distress were explored. Conditioned anxiety, physical attractiveness, skills in dating, proximity, and apprehension about dating differentiated between high and low scorers on social avoidance and distress.
Adolescent↗
Depressive experience and romantic relationships in young adulthood.
This study examined the associations between two factors of depressive experience (dependency and self-criticism) and satisfaction in adult romantic relationships. The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, along with measures of attachment and relationship satisfaction, were administered to 107 men and 140 women attending local community colleges. Self-criticism was associated with global relationship distress and sexual dissatisfaction. In a combined regression equation, measures of self-criticism, attachment security, and attachment activation all contributed to predicting general relationship distress. Only scores on self-criticism predicted sexual dissatisfaction. The relationship dissatisfaction reported by those with high scores on self-criticism appears to be a relational aspect of the "destructiveness of perfectionism" described by Blatt.
Adolescent↗
Responses of seventh grade students to "do you have a partner with whom you would like to have a baby?".
This study investigated differences in demographic data, self-esteem, and coping skills for 225 students in Grade 7 who reported having a partner with whom they wanted to have a baby and 946 students who did not. Data were collected on the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Family Crisis-oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, and questions related to attitudes towards teen pregnancy and demographic data. The sample included 548 (46.8%) boys and 624 (53.2%) girls whose mean age was 13.2 yr. Students with a partner had significantly lower scores on the curriculum questions, self-esteem, and family coping skills, combined with higher scores in passivity. They indicated a desire to have a greater number of children, beginning by having their first child at a younger age and believed that having a baby improves a couple's relationship. Possible approaches may include effective teaching methods to overcome passivity through boosting self-confidence, goal-setting, and acquiring a purpose in life besides parenting a child.
Adolescent↗
Influences of type of high school attended and current relationship status on life goal ratings of college women.
Scores on the Goals in Life Scale of 183 college women were compared based on type of high school attended, single-sex versus co-educational, and current relationship status, dating versus nondating. Type of high school alone did not influence any life goal, and those in dating relationships gave priority to relationships over life goals. Several significant interaction effects were present, however, as single-sex school attendees in dating relationships gave lower ratings to several life goals than did women in the other groups.
Adolescent↗
Dating and commitment choices as a function of ethnicity among American college students in California.
The incidence of interracial and interethnic dating and marriage in the United States has increased. This investigation examined dating and commitment choices as a function of ethnicity and sex among groups of Euro-American, Hispanic-American, Asian-American, and African-American college students. A convenience sample of college students comprising 329 heterosexual subjects (134 men, 195 women) was surveyed regarding their partner preferences for dating, visiting parents, marriage, and bearing children. It was hypothesized that subjects would consider dating partners from different ethnic groups, but when making a commitment to marriage and children would prefer members of their own group. This hypothesis was supported in half of the groups: Euro-American men, African-American men, Asian-American women, and African-American women. A discussion of dating and commitment choices among ethnic and sex groups is presented and discussed.
Adult↗
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