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PubMed2004

Ethics in technological culture: a programmatic proposal for a pragmatist approach.

Neither traditional philosophy nor current applied ethics seem able to cope adequately with the highly dynamic character of our modern technological culture. This is because they have insufficient insight into the moral significance of technological artifacts and systems. Here, much can be learned from recent science and technology studies (STS). They have opened up the black box of technological developments and have revealed the intimate intertwinement of technology and society in minute detail. However, while applied ethics is characterized by a certain "technology blindness," the most influential approaches within STS show a "normative deficit" and display on agnostic or even antagonistic attitude toward ethics. To repair the blind spots of both applied ethics and STS, the authors sketch the contours of a pragmatist approach. They will explore the tasks and tools of a pragmatist ethics and pay special attention to the exploration of future worlds disclosed and shaped by technology and the management of deep value conflicts inherent in a pluralistic society.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2004

Washington insider.

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Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Ethics committees: time to experiment with standards.

Ethics committees now exist in most hospitals. Their recent establishment in many institutions was a response to a 1991 mandate by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). Proposed or new legislation in a few states is elevating the status of these committees, either requiring their use in certain cases, allowing them to substitute for judicial review, or granting immunity to those who follow their advice. Despite these recent JCAHO and legislative developments, it is widely recognized that there is a significant lack of data on the effectiveness of these committees and that committee members often lack the requisite education and skills for effective participation in case consultation. We argue that before granting ethics committees additional authority, there is a need for more research on their performance and a period of experimentation with quality standards governing their membership and operations.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mediation in the medical field. Is neutral intervention possible?

Neutrality is held to be the touchstone of good mediation. True neutrality is elusive, however, and probably not even desirable, at least when applied to patient-provider disputes over medical care. In this context, mediators should not posture as "neutrals"; they should strive instead to protect their clients' autonomy.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics of ethics committees of Japanese medical schools.

In Japan, almost all of the 80 medical colleges and medical faculties of universities have founded ethics committees voluntarily. To date, many of them have concentrated their deliberation on the general policy of advanced medical technologies which should be resolved at national level, while they have failed to become involved in ethical decisions in daily clinical cases.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Back in the USSR.

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Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed1986

Perceptions of ethical problems by nurses and doctors.

To identify how nurses and physicians perceive ethical problems in clinical medicine, we conducted structured interviews with 26 nurses and 24 physicians who work in acute-care units. Both groups thought that they frequently encounter ethical problems, although there was significant variation within each group about how often members of each group perceived such problems. Members of the health-care team often disagreed about ethical decisions. Nurses often described conflicts with physicians, but physicians rarely recognized disagreements with nurses. Clinical ethicists need to be aware of this heterogeneous perception in order to communicate effectively about ethical problems.

Adult↗

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