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PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of a career planning workshop on graduate dental hygienists.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a career planning workshop on the career satisfaction, decisions, and plans of graduate dental hygienists. Method. A workshop was designed to teach graduate dental hygienists a systematic process for analyzing their needs and opportunities and making informed, realistic, and satisfying career decisions. This workshop incorporated vocational testing, interpretation by a professional counselor, lecture/discussion, small group interaction, and an accompanying manual of career planning resources and exercises. Sixty-nine dental hygienists attended a two-day workshop in fall 1990. Participants completed data collection instruments consisting of 42-item pre-assessment and 40-item follow-up questionnaires designed by the authors. Sixty-three completed the pre-workshop questionnaire. Fifty-four participants responded to the follow-up questionnaire mailed six months after the workshop. Data analyses included frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Paired t-tests and chi-square statistics were also calculated. Results. Findings from the pre-workshop questionnaire indicated that over 76% of participants had considered leaving their present position and 70% had considered leaving the profession. The six-month follow-up questionnaire revealed that four participants had changed dental hygiene employers and two had left the profession to pursue different careers. Forty-four percent reported that their feelings toward dental hygiene as a career had become more positive since attending the workshop. Pre-workshop to six-month follow-up responses indicated increased mean satisfaction in amount of challenge, compensation/rewards, and overall career satisfaction. Conclusions. The results of this study indicated that career planning workshops, in combination with other methods, are a useful strategy for helping dental hygienists maintain satisfaction, and have the potential to promote career longevity in the dental hygiene profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Report on the RCDS-CDHSRU workshop on developing clinical guidelines/standards of practice.

Investigators from the Community Dental Health Services Research Unit (CDHSRU) held a workshop to test a model for developing clinical guidelines/standards of practice, which are required under the Regulated Health Professions Legislation. Forty-two individuals from Ontario and Canada, including dentists, representatives of the public, and professionals, participated in the three-day workshop, held under the auspices of the quality assurance committee of the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario (RCDS). Through direct experience, workshop participants sought to learn each of the steps, as defined by the literature, involved in clinical guideline development. Ultimately, they hoped to recommend steps for RCDS to follow in developing standards of practice. To ensure that a realistic and valid model emerged from the workshop, a real topic, namely the management of smooth surface enamel lesions in permanent teeth, was used to develop and test clinical guidelines. Prior to the workshop, participants were sent literature on one of five aspects of the topic, as well as papers describing the methodology of critically appraising the literature, and partially-completed templates outlining the basic steps to be followed. During the first evening and first morning of the workshop, participants listened to presentations on the development of clinical guidelines, the prevalence of smooth surface lesions, the role of economics in guideline development, and the necessary considerations in writing clinical guidelines. Under the leadership of trained facilitators, they then worked in small groups to write evidence-based recommendations and report them to the other workshop participants for feedback. Using this feedback, they returned to their groups to revise their recommendations and work on the workshop's overall recommendations to the RCDS. The day concluded in the evening, when the workshop facilitators and coordinators met to edit the groups' recommendations into a consistent format for presentation to all participants. On the second morning, the participants attended a plenary session to review the evidence-based recommendations developed by the groups, as well as their overall recommendations on the steps to be followed by the RCDS. Ultimately, workshop participants partially completed the templates and developed preliminary evidence-based recommendations on the management of enamel smooth-surface caries. Based on their experiences, they recommended a seven-step process for the future development of clinical practice guidelines/standards of practice in Ontario. These steps are recommendations only, and are not RCDS policy.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of parent workshops in mental handicap service.

Workshops designed to help parents teach their mentally handicapped children new skills and new habits were offered for 4 years as part of a wider service. This was the first time such a service had been available to any family within an area, population 250 000, and all families with mentally handicapped children under age 8 were invited to join the workshops. Workshops objectives were to teach parents skills in observation, selection and teaching of new skills and new behaviour, and to provide parents with confidence and support from other parents as well as professionals. workshops ran one evening/week for between 8 and 12 weeks, and nine workshops were held with a total of 40 families attending. Attendance was high and success was considerable with the problems tackled during the workshops. Nevertheless, the original objectives of the workshops were only fulfilled in part, as it is uncertain how much the methods taught during the workshop were applied to subsequent problems. The paper discusses the value of such workshops as a way of providing both practical help and support to families.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

The value of a scientific writing training workshop for radiologists and radiation oncologists.

A substantial amount of radiological and radiation oncological research carried out in Australasia is not published. Therefore, a scientific writing skills training workshop was held in conjunction with the 2004 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists Annual Scientific Meeting. Registration for the 3-h-long workshop was open to all conference attendees but numbers were limited. The workshop was led by an experienced facilitator who used content based on a literature review. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires rating their agreement with statements regarding their writing abilities and resources before the workshop. Those who attended the workshop repeated the questionnaire 6-8 weeks afterwards. Comparison of the paired preworkshop and postworkshop responses showed increases in the median category of agreement with statements regarding having the required skills, having advice available and understanding the structure of scientific articles. In addition, all participants reported that they found the workshop useful, said that they would recommend attendance to others and felt that such workshops should be available at future Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists Annual Scientific Meetings. Half the participants felt that the workshop made it more likely that they would publish. We have shown that even short workshops appear to have benefits and should be encouraged.

Australia↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of small workshops for improving farmers' knowledge about ovine footrot.

OBJECTIVE: To determine sheep farmers' attitudes to and beliefs about ovine footrot, and to improve their knowledge about the diagnosis, control and eradication of this disease. METHOD: Eighteen workshops, involving 291 farmers, were conducted across Victoria in the spring of 1996. The workshops were designed as small-group discussions with a maximum attendance of 20 farmers to encourage active participation. All participants completed questionnaires before each workshop and 12 to 40 weeks after the last workshop. RESULTS: Before the workshops the farmers had a poor understanding of the principles of diagnosis, control and eradication of footrot. For example, only 50% knew the footrot organism survived in soil for less than 7 days, over two-thirds did not know the reason for paring sheep's feet during an eradication program, and only 31% realised cattle were a potential source of footrot infection for sheep. After the workshops, understanding about footrot was significantly improved; 87% said Dichelobacter nodosus survived in soil less than 7 days, 71% knew the reason for paring sheep's feet and 64% realised that cattle were a potential source of footrot infection. As well as improved knowledge, change of attitude among farmers is fundamentally important if virulent footrot is to be successfully controlled and eradicated. The workshops successfully initiated this process; 40% of farmers thought the workshops changed their attitudes to footrot, while 37% said they gained an increased understanding of other people's opinions about the disease. CONCLUSION: Farmers' poor understanding of ovine footrot is a constraint to the programs aimed at controlling this disease. Small group workshops may be an effective way to influence farmers' attitudes and beliefs, and could facilitate the effectiveness of regulatory disease control programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Psychoeducational workshops for elderly patients with recurrent major depression and their families.

OBJECTIVE: This report details an extension of the use of psychoeducational workshops with psychiatric patients and their families to families of elderly patients with recurrent unipolar late-life depression. METHODS: Subjects were 132 participants in a study of maintenance therapies for late-life depression and their 182 family members and significant others who accepted invitations to single-session family workshops. Participants provided feedback on their satisfaction with the content and quality of the workshops. Associations between workshop attendance, preworkshop demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment adherence, and outcome were explored through comparisons between 108 patients who attended workshops and 24 patients who declined the workshop invitation. RESULTS: Favorable feedback from participants suggested that the extension of the workshops to families of elderly patients with depression was successful. Workshop attendance was associated with a lower rate of dropout during continuation treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Results associating workshop refusal and treatment dropout, as well as the overall treatment compliance and retention rates in this randomized clinical trial involving geriatric patients, support the need for further study of factors relating to elderly patients' willingness to engage in family-centered interventions.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

How to optimize physicians' communication skills in cancer care: results of a randomized study assessing the usefulness of posttraining consolidation workshops.

PURPOSE: Although there is wide recognition of the usefulness of improving physicians' communication skills, no studies have yet assessed the efficacy of post-training consolidation workshops. This study aims to assess the efficacy of six 3-hour consolidation workshops conducted after a 2.5-day basic training program. METHODS: Physicians, after attending the basic training program, were randomly assigned to consolidation workshops or to a waiting list. Training efficacy was assessed through simulated and actual patient interviews that were audiotaped at baseline and after consolidation workshops for the consolidation-workshop group, and approximately 5 months after the end of basic training for the waiting-list group. Communication skills were assessed according to the Cancer Research Campaign Workshop Evaluation Manual. Patients' perceptions of communication skills improvement were assessed using a 14-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty-three physicians completed the training program. Communication skills improved significantly more in the consolidation-workshop group compared with the waiting-list group. In simulated interviews, group-by-time repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant increase in open and open directive questions (P =.014) and utterances alerting patients to reality (P =.049), as well as a significant decrease in premature reassurance (P =.042). In actual patient interviews, results revealed a significant increase in acknowledgements (P =.022) and empathic statements (P =.009), in educated guesses (P =.041), and in negotiations (P =.008). Patients interacting with physicians who benefited from consolidation workshops reported higher scores concerning their physicians' understanding of their disease (P =.004). CONCLUSION: Consolidation workshops further improve a communication skills training program's efficacy and facilitate the transfer of acquired skills to clinical practice.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

US-Japan workshops in medical mycology: past, present and future.

The Extramural Mycology Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has organized and implemented a five workshop series in medical mycology during a critical period in the evolution of contemporary medical mycology (1992 to 2000; http://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/dmid.htm). The goals of the workshop series were to: initiate interactions; build collaborations; identify research needs; turn needs into opportunities; stimulate molecular research in medical mycology; and summarize recommendations emerging from the workshop proceedings. A recurring recommendation in the series was to foster communications within and beyond the field of medical mycology. US-Japan interactions were noted as one specific example of potential information exchange for mutual benefit. The first formal action directed at this recommendation was the workshop Emergence and Recognition of Fungal Diseases convened under the auspices of the US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program (USJCMSP; http://www.niaid. nih.gov/dmid/us%5Fjapan/default.htm) in Bethesda, Maryland USA on 30 June 1999 (D.M. Dixon & T. Matsumoto, co-chairs). A major goal of the workshop was to present contemporary medical mycology to the Joint Committee of the USJCMSP through representative research presentations in order to make the Committee aware of current status in the field, and the potential for scientific interactions. The second formal action is the workshop, under the auspices of the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology Medical Perspectives of Fungal Genome Studies scheduled for 28 November 2000 in Tokyo, Japan (T. Matsumoto & D.M. Dixon, co-chairs). The NIAID Mycology Workshop series recommended interactions between the following groups: academic and pharmaceutical; medical and molecular (model systems); medical and plant pathogens; basic and clinical; mycologists and immunologists. The first two US-Japan workshops can be viewed as consistent with these recommendations, and serve as a Western/Eastern gateway for exchange. The focus of the second US-Japan workshop on genome projects for the medically important fungi provides an excellent model for international communications. Given the tsunami of information that is flowing from genomics and bioinformatics, it is clear that global interactions will be essential in managing and interpreting the data.

Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Disease and disease control. International Leprosy Congress, Beijing, 7-12 September 1998. Workshop report.

Four workshops were conducted during the congress under the disease control theme. The workshops were on the issues of defining disease and antibacterial therapy, early case detection, sustaining leprosy control in low endemic situations, and the prevention of disability. These workshops spanned the spectrum of disease and its consequences through from early detection, the definition of disease to the prevention of disability. All of these topics being important contemporary issues challenging leprosy control programmes world wide. Despite the broad spectrum of the topics it was interesting to see that a number of important themes emerged which were common to all topics. It is possible to identify five major themes arising from the output of the workshops which are now described below. Each of the workshops adopted broad and comprehensive approaches to their topic. In the past, there has been narrowness in defining disease in terms of the need for chemotherapy. The approach taken in the workshop now is for a much more comprehensive approach looking at all the consequences of the disease process rather than the requirement for antibacterial chemotherapy. Similarly broad approaches were taken to low endemic situations, considering comprehensive approaches which are inclusive rather than exclusive. Disability prevention also continues this same theme of comprehensive approaches based on multidisciplinary involvement in prevention of the consequences of the disease process. The second major theme to be identified in the output of the workshops was the importance of relevance to patients and people affected by leprosy. It is no longer adequate to view programmes in terms of their acceptance to those running the programmes. Control programmes must be acceptable to the people they are designed to benefit. This even impacts on definitions of disease in terms of what matters to patients rather than only restricting this to disease pathology. Similarly, approaches to disability prevention are not merely about measurement of impairments due to nerve function deficit but rather consider the abilities and functions which are most important to the individuals affected. The third theme which spans all of the workshops is the need to develop partnerships with others in addressing the challenges of leprosy today. Each workshop identified important groups with which partnerships need to be developed included local patient groups, voluntary associations and primary health care services. All of these have a role to play, from early case detection right through to the prevention of disability and the sustaining of control under low endemic situations. The fourth important theme is sustainability of programmes which need to be developed for the long term benefit of those affected by disease rather than short term goals. Again, this impacts an area such as case detection methods which need to be sustained in the long term. Approaches such as intensive case detection through mass survey are not sustainable given changes to the patterns of disease, whereas involvement of communities and community participation in the process of early case detection is a much more sustainable approach. This is important, as programmes attain low endemic status and is also important in preventing disabilities where the progressive nature of secondary impairments following primary impairments may be lifelong. The final theme is that of the importance of training, as each area is recommending new approaches to be taken and for new people to be involved in leprosy programmes. The implications are that those to be involved need to be trained and that the training requirements will be different from those of the last ten years. Training programmes will need to adapt to a wider range of individuals and groups being involved in programmes and to much more comprehensive approaches. These implications for training are profound and training centres and training programmes rapidly

China↗
PubMed1976

Training public school teachers in population dynamics: An evaluation of the urban life-population education workshops in Baltimore.

Nine population education workshops were held for city school teachers in Baltimore, Maryland during the 1972-73 academic year. The original program schedule was modified two times, at the end of the third workshop and the sixth. Each change resulted in fewer formal presentations, more teacher discussions and greater teacher involvement in the workshop program. From the ideas generated by the workshops, curriculum units suitable for elementary and secondary school students were produced. An evaluation of the program showed that teachers' knowledge of selected demographic concepts and facts increased between the pre-workshop period and the post-workshop period. The changes were greater in the later workshops. The changes in knowledge were statistically significant. While there was some regression to pre-test levels, the teachers retained a substantiol portion of the knowledge they received when measured a second time after the workshop. High school teachers showed greater effective changes in knowledge than lower grade teachers. However, interest in population education appears to be wide-spread among all teachers including lower grade teachers. It is suggested that in the future, programs in population education consider conducting separate workshops for teachers of the same or similar grade level.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

A stress management workshop improves residents' coping skills.

We describe the effectiveness of a stress management workshop designed for physicians. Of the 64 medicine, pediatrics, and medicine-pediatrics residents who agreed to participate in the workshop, the 43 who could be freed from clinical responsibilities constituted the intervention group; the 21 residents who could not be freed from clinical responsibilities were asked to be the nonintervention group. The ESSI Stress Systems Instrument and Maslach Burnout Inventory were administered to control subjects and workshop participants 2 weeks before and 6 weeks after the workshop. The half-day workshops taught management of the stresses of medical practice through: (1) learning and practicing interpersonal skills that increase the availability of social support; (2) prioritization of personal, work, and educational demands; (3) techniques to increase stamina and attend to self-care needs; (4) recognition and avoidance of maladaptive responses; and (5) positive outlook skills. Overall, the ESSI Stress Systems Instrument test scores for the workshop participants improved (+1.27), while the nonintervention group's mean scores declined (-0.65). All 21 individual ESSI Stress Systems Instrument scale items improved for the workshop, compared with eight of 21 items for the nonintervention group. The workshop group improved in the Maslach Burnout Inventory emotional exhaustion scale and deteriorated less than the nonintervention group in the depersonalization scale. We conclude that a modest, inexpensive stress management workshop was received positively, and can lead to significant short-term improvement in stress and burnout test scores for medicine and pediatrics residents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

An interactive workshop: An effective means of integrating the Canadian Cardiovascular Society clinical practice guidelines on congestive heart failure into Canadian family physicians' practice.

OBJECTIVE: To use an interactive workship as a means of integrating clinical practice guidelines on congestive heart failure into Canadian family physicians' practice. SETTING: Interested practitioners from the Association des Médecins Omnipraticiens de Québec, the Centre de Santé Publique de Québec and the continuing medical education (CME) department, Merck Frosst Canada, Montreal, formed the initial task force. Train-the-trainer sessions took place in many provinces in a variety of CME settings. DESIGN: The interactive, problem-based workshop was facilitated by local interested general practitioners, while local experts served as consultants to reinforce key messages from clinical practice guidelines and to guide participants through the learning process. MAIN RESULTS: By December 31, 1996, 187 family practitioners and 81 specialists had been trained in train-the-trainer sessions across the country. A total of 1698 general practitioners had participated in over 52 workshops during the same time. Pre- and postworkshop testing indicate that the workshops improved knowledge, and that the knowledge gained during the workshop was retained at three- and six-months' follow-up. Separate chart evaluations conducted before and after the workshop showed that participants provided more complete chart information related to congestive heart failure and that they significantly increased their use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy after the workshop. Participant evaluation of the workshop also indicates a high index of satisfaction with the presentation and the content of the workshop as being relevant to clinical practice. CONCLUSION: An interactive, problem-based, small group workshop developed by a core group of interested practitioners and guided by local trained facilitators and experts is an effective teaching tool through which clinical practice guidelines can be successfully transferred into clinical practice in a timely and meaningful way.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2001

Special report: NIST workshop on reference data for the properties of biomaterials.

A workshop on Reference Data for Biomaterials was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on July 27, 2000. The primary purpose of the workshop was to determine whether needs existed for the establishment of reference data (RD) databases on the properties of biomaterials. Special attention was given to critiqued RD such as those traditionally found in databases that are established within the NIST Standard Reference Data Program. Critiqued data are data that have been critically evaluated for issues dealing with components of uncertainty, experimental design (details, descriptions, and appropriateness), measurement methods (appropriateness), conclusions drawn from the data, and so forth. Among the workshop's 65 registrants were representatives from industry, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and academia. These joined with NIST staff to address reference biomaterial property database needs within five categories: orthopedic, cardiovascular, ophthalmologic, tissue-engineered, and dental biomaterials. A general session on other issues focused specifically on database accesses (portals), contents, and maintenance. While the workshop's intended focus was on critiqued RD, it was suggested that closely related issues be considered as well. In this way, a more comprehensive assessment of opportunities for the cooperation of NIST with the biomaterials community might be developed. As a result, the needs for noncritiqued data and for reference materials (RMs), useful for developing data, also became a part of the focus of the workshop. Hence, this article presents the results from the breakout sessions of the workshop according to two categories: reference data and databases, and reference materials. In the following summary, the workshop is presented in the following order: An introduction to databases, resource presentations, action items identified in breakout sessions, assessment of resources (personnel and monetary) needed to work on action items, and portals for databases. Except for the individual concurrent breakout sessions themselves, all other sessions of the workshop were participated in fully by those in attendance.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

High concordance between marker profiles of 22 human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines tested with the same monoclonal antibodies before and during the second international workshop on human differentiation antigens.

Our laboratory participated in the Second International Workshop and Conference on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens. In this international study the reactivity profiles of monoclonal antibodies were analyzed on normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. The Workshop was divided into three categories: the T-cell, B-cell and myelomonocytic cell studies. We blindly tested 159 coded monoclonal antibodies of the panel for the T-cell study on 22 permanently established leukemia cell lines. The monoclonal antibodies were provided by the Workshop Committee and their reactivity with the target cells was visualized by standardized indirect immunofluorescence. After decoding it was recognized that 11 monoclonal antibodies had been examined on these cell lines prior to the Workshop. The reactivity of these 11 monoclonal antibodies was analyzed and compared with the earlier results. From a total of 217 paired tests done blindly in the Workshop study and prior to the Workshop, 191 tests (88%) did not show significantly different data. The possible reasons for discrepancies include nonspecific Fc-receptor-binding on some cell lines and a relatively nonspecific reactivity of some monoclonal antibodies. This analysis demonstrates the stability of the antigen expression on human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines grown at consistently optimal conditions, for the tests, using the same monoclonal antibodies as in the Workshop, had been performed 0.5-5 years prior to the Workshop study. On the other hand, nonspecific Fc-binding, wide "specificity" of monoclonal antibodies and a shift in antigen expression of the cells (due to poor growth conditions, involuntary induction of differentiation and other factors) must be taken into consideration upon immunological analysis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2001

'Breaking bad news' within a paediatric setting: an evaluation report of a collaborative education workshop to support health professionals.

UNLABELLED: AIMS OF PROJECT: To evaluate a workshop to prepare health professionals for breaking bad news in the paediatric setting. BACKGROUND: Breaking bad news can be difficult for health professionals, and it seems that few receive specific training for undertaking this challenging task. Latterly, however, there have been reports of training programmes being developed to prepare health professionals for breaking bad news, although most focus upon meeting needs of medical staff only. While doctors have a uniquely important role in breaking bad news it is evident that other health professionals, most frequently nurses, can be equally involved in this encounter. Accordingly, nurses and other professionals need training to recognize the contribution that they can make in ensuring sensitive and effective bad news disclosure. DESIGN: A one-day, multi-professional, experiential training workshop. METHOD: Forty-five participants, mainly nurses (34, 76%) and doctors (10, 22%), attended one of five breaking bad news workshops set up for staff working in a range of paediatric settings including Accident and Emergency and Intensive Care. Each of the workshops was facilitated by three facilitators from varied backgrounds. Using an experiential design, participants were supported to explore and reflect upon breaking bad news issues, which also included engagement with actors to act out realistic bad news scenarios. Debriefing, using a positive learner-centred model of feedback, provided the main platform for promoting learning. Following the workshop, participants completed an evaluation questionnaire, seeking their perceptions of the effectiveness of the workshop in enhancing knowledge and communication skills. DATA ANALYSIS: Atlas.ti, a qualitative computer data analysis software program was used to explore the evaluation comments made by participants, resulting in the generation of common themes. FINDINGS: Seven themes, including development of practice, the value of sharing, benefit of feedback, and team work, emerged from responses. All responses indicated that the workshop had been beneficial and an effective training method, with most participants (40 of 89%) indicating that they would strongly recommend their colleagues to attend a similar workshop. CONCLUSION: The educational approach reported is considered by participants to be beneficial in preparing health professionals for breaking bad news in a collaborative way.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during live endoscopy workshop demonstrations.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopy workshops are thought to be associated with larger numbers of complications than routine clinical treatment. In this study, patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during live demonstrations were compared with matched patients treated in an ERCP unit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent ERCP during workshops over a 12-year period were reviewed. The control for each patient was the next patient admitted to the same ERCP unit with similar indications. Possible delays before treatment, ERCP indications, the use of general anesthesia, standard endoscopic and special treatments, success and complication rates for ERCP, prolonged hospitalization periods, and financial benefits for patients were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 168 workshop patients and 168 control patients were compared. ERCP was delayed in 18 patients to allow treatment during the workshops. General anesthesia was used in 87.5 % of the workshop patients, in comparison with 44 % of the control patients (P < 0.001). The duration of the endoscopies and radiation exposure did not differ, and the endoscopic treatments carried out also did not differ significantly, with the exception of cholangiopancreatoscopy (7 % in the workshop group versus 0 %; P < 0.01). The success and complication rates were similar in the workshop and control patients, as was the duration of hospitalization. Among the patients treated during workshops, 45 % benefited financially, as they were not charged for stents or other devices. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in this setting, ERCP performed during live demonstrations is safe and raises no major ethical problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The impact of an educational workshop on colorectal screening practices.

Since its establishment in 1983, the Virginia Colorectal Cancer Control Project has emphasized the importance of routine screening of asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer. This has been accomplished through educational workshops that are offered to primary care physicians. These workshops provide didactic information on current concepts in screening and individualized instruction on the use of the flexible sigmoidoscope. Eleven workshops have been conducted since the fall of 1984. During the spring of 1986, a survey was mailed to workshop participants to determine whether changes had occurred in their screening practices. A total of 115 physicians responded to the survey. Prior to the workshop, 86 physicians performed the digital rectal examination; now 100 do. Prior to the workshop, 68 physicians performed the fecal occult blood test; now 89 do. Prior to the workshop, 34 physicians used a flexible scope; now 71 do. Participants found the workshop to be extremely effective in providing individualized instruction.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A training workshop on late-stage dementia care for family caregivers.

Training workshops have been considered a useful intervention in helping family caregivers of people with dementia to cope with the stress of caregiving. However, there are no reports in the literature with regard to training and support of families specifically looking after individuals who are in the late stage of dementia. This paper reports the experience and evaluation of a training workshop aimed at preparing family caregivers for late-stage dementia care. Eighty-eight percent of the participants completed the client satisfaction questionnaire. The results from the questionnaire gave a very positive response, showing 90.9 percent of respondents were satisfied with the workshop, and 77.3 percent of respondents indicated that their caregiving needs were met. Eleven participants who attended this workshop joined a focus group feedback session. The Kruskal-Wallis test found no significant differences between the overall profile of the participants and that of the focus group in terms of age, gender, educational background, whether they were primary caregivers, for whom they cared (e.g., parents or spouse), or whether the care recipient stayed at home or in a nursing home. Findings from the focus group session provide a somewhat different picture from that of the questionnaire. Three focus group participants provided more critical comments of the workshop. Although the majority of the focus group agreed that the workshop had been useful, they disagreed on whether it is necessary to discuss psychosocial issues in this workshop. Findings from the focus group have enabled the project team to reflect on their design and operation of the workshop and provided valuable insight for future development as well as for further study.

Alzheimer Disease↗