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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Liver proteolytic activity in growing male chickens fed a raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) diet.

As compared to well-nourished chickens, a significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in the rate of growth, along with a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in liver activities of both cathepsin A and D has been found in growing male chickens fed ad libitum over a period of 60 days on a diet containing raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) as the main source of protein. Moreover, addition of methionine (250 mg/100 g diet) to the legume diet had no significant effect in restoring either rate of growth or liver proteolytic activity. The possible nature of these findings are briefly discussed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Muscle and liver protein synthesis and degradation in growing rats fed a raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) diet.

Body weight gain, food intake, gastrocnemius muscle and liver weight, protein and RNA content, as well as the fractional rates of muscle and liver protein synthesis (ks, according to the method of constant infusion of L-[14C]tyrosine), growth (kg) and degradation (kd), along with RNA activity (g of protein synthesized per day/g RNA) of both organs, were determined in growing male rats fed ad libitum over a period of 10 days on 18.7% protein diets containing either casein (5% of methionine added) (control) or the raw legume field bean (Vicia faba L.) as the sole sources of protein. It has been found that as compared to control rats, those fed the raw legume diet exhibited a significant reduction in the rate of growth, muscle RNA, ks, kg, kd and RNA activity, and a significant increase in liver ks, kd and RNA activity. All differences were statistically significant at least at the 5% level. The possible nature of these findings is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Diets containing leguminous seeds influence chromium content in the rat femur bone.

Leguminous seeds contain a lot of antinutritional factors (ANFs) such as protease inhibitors, lectins and condensed tannins which can affect bioavailability of nutrients. Detrimental effect of protease inhibitors can be decreased by sulphur amino acids addition. Moreover, most of the leguminous ANFs are thermolabile. Hence, legumes tested in our study were extruded and/or diets were supplemented with methionine and cystine (0.15% + 0.15%). The present experiment was performed for 28 days on 90 Wistar rats divided into nine feeding groups. Semipurified diets (10% casein) were supplemented (10%), except the control one, with soybean (S) or faba bean (F), raw (R) or extruded (E), with addition of sulphur amino acids (SAA) or without them. The Cr concentration was determined in the femur bone. Total feed intake during whole trial widely varied among the groups and was the lowest in SR (289 g) and FR (294 g) groups. There was no correlation between feed intake and Cr content in the femur bone. Generally, 10% soybean in the diet decreased Cr concentration in the bones, and faba bean increased it. The SAA addition to diets generally increased femur Cr content. However, there was a significant interaction between SAA supplementation and extrusion of faba bean, hence, the effect of their combination was unclear.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

The effect of drought on the development and yielding of two different varieties of the fodder broad bean (Vicia faba minor).

A factorial experiment was performed in the fodder broad bean to analyse effects of soil drought on the development and yield components of two varieties of different morphotype: 'Nadwiślański' (traditional) and 'Tim' (determinate growth habit). Plants were grown in Mitscherlich's pots under three different soil moistures: 70%, 50% and 30% of field water capacity. The soil water shortage contributed to a considerable depression in the developmental characteristics and yield traits of both varieties. Under all conditions, the variety 'Nadwiślański yielded more seeds than did 'Tim'. The traditional variety was more resistant to drought than the new 'Tim'.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Induced biochemical and physiological changes in young and adult growing rats fed on a vegetable or animal protein diet.

The influence of diets containing faba bean or casein as sources of protein were studied in rats at two stages of development. A significant impairment of growth rate, carcass, liver and skeletal muscle were found in young and adult rats fed for a period of 10 days on raw legume. Urinary urea output and the activities of three amino acid degrading enzymes: arginase, alanine aminotransferase and arginine succinate synthetase were all affected by the dietary protein and the stage of development. Urinary creatinine excretion was higher in the adult rats, while serum cholesterol was slightly increased in the young ones. Changes in plasma zinc may be attributed to a reduced zinc bioavailability to rats from the faba bean diet. Other biochemical parameters measured (glucose, triglycerides and plasma proteins) remained unchanged in all the experimental groups. Liver DNA and RNA content (mg/g tissue) decreased with age in both dietary groups, which were accompanied by an increase in tissue size. Furthermore, liver RNA concentration (primarily a measure of protein synthesis capacity) was enhanced in the adult legume fed rats. In this context, it is suggested that other organs (particularly muscle, with lower amino acid requirements for protein synthesis as a consequence of the stunting of growth) could contribute to increase the amino acid supply to liver in the animals fed on the faba bean diet.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1996

The modular nodulins Nvf-28/32 of broad bean (Vicia faba L.): alternative exon combinations account for different modular structures.

The broad bean late nodulins, Nvf-28/32, are composed of two types of repetitively occurring sequence modules flanked by unique N- and C-terminal modules. Six isoforms of these nodulins were characterized by a specific modular structure resulting from a different individual order of repetitive sequence modules. A detailed analysis of genomic PCR fragments revealed that the repetitive modules and the N-terminal unique module exactly corresponded to exons, whereas the C-terminal module was specified by two exons. Since those exons encoding the repetitive modules missing in specific Nvf-28/32 isoforms were consistently present within genomic sequences, a post-transcriptional generation of VfNOD28/32 transcripts specifying six Nvf-28/32 nodulins was concluded. Using tissue-print hybridizations, these transcripts were localized in the interzone II-III and the nitrogen-fixing zone III of root nodules. From this and from cDNA-cDNA hybridizations demonstrating a comparable timing of expression of VfNOD28/32 and of leghemoglobin transcripts in root nodules, a function of the modular nodulins Nvf-28/32 in late developmental stages of broad bean nodules was inferred.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1987

Liver and muscle proteolytic activity in field bean (Vicia faba L.) fed birds. Effect of vitamin E.

Liver and muscle proteolytic activities (cathepsin A and D) were measured in growing male chickens fed ad libitum over periods of 30 and 60 days on 20% protein diets containing either heated soybean (HSB, control) or raw field bean (RFB, Vicia faba L.) as the main sources of protein. Vitamin E (250 mg/100 g diet) was added or not to the RFB diet. It has been found that in comparison to control HSB-fed animals, RFB-fed birds showed a significant reduction in the rate of growth, together with a significant increase in the activities of both cathepsins A and D in liver and muscle. The addition of vitamin E to the RFB diet had no significant effect on either weight gain or liver and muscle proteolytic activities. The possible nature of these effects is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on chromosomes and the mitotic cycle in Vicia faba L., the broad bean.

Vicia faba seedlings were subjected to one of the following magnetic fields continuously for 3 days: 0 Hz (DC) at 5 mT, 50 Hz at 1.5 mT, 60 Hz at 1.5 mT, and 75 Hz at 1.5 mT. The lengths of all the phases of mitosis differed from the controls in all treatments using alternating magnetic fields and for prophase and metaphase in the DC condition. In particular, all treatments increased the length of prophase significantly in meristematic root-tip cells compared with the controls. The implications of these results for chromosome coiling are discussed. The length of prophase, however, did not vary significantly between any of the treatments. Furthermore, none of the exposed seedlings had a greater frequency of chromosome breakages above that of the control plants.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1989

[Antienzymatic activities of two Leguminosae: bean pods and bean bulls. Antiamylase activity].

Amylase inhibitory activities have been sought in the powders of Phaseolus vulgaris pods and of Vicia faba bean hulls. Unlike to the bean, Phaseolus vulgaris pod has no amylase inhibitory activity and the presence of tannin could not be determined. Contrary, Vicia faba bean hull shows an obvious amylase inhibitory activity. It contains an appreciable content of tannins which may be responsible of this activity. The quantities of amylase whose are inhibited increase in some measure with the quantities of enzyme added. They are not in direct ratio to the quantities of extract, then, inhibition may be of no competitive type.

Amylases↗
PubMed1995

A citrus exocortis viroid variant from broad bean (Vicia faba L.): infectivity and pathogenesis.

A viroid present in very low titres was isolated from symptomless field broad bean plants. It was identified as a variant of citrus exocortis viroid in the T2, V and C domains. Infection of several hosts resulted in a change in the composition of the viroid population. Serial passage through tomato and back to the host of origin, broad bean, resulted in major changes in replication efficiency, host range and pathogenicity. The unique nucleotide sequence differences identified in the original broad bean variant were not conserved after passage through alternative hosts. The effects of these sequence variations on viroid secondary structure result in nonpathogenic viroid variants which can remain unnoticed in certain plant species but may act as reservoirs of viroid disease.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2002

[The feed value in growing pigs of a new cultivar of field beans (Vicia faba L.) supplemented with DL-methionine or DL-methionine-hydroxyanalog].

A basal control mixture of barley, soy bean meal and soy bean oil was replaced by 25% of the new field bean-cultivar 'Divine' and the resulting two mixtures were supplemented with minerals, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids according to the ideal protein concept. The control diet was adjusted with DL-methionine (DL-Met), the field bean mixture either with DL-Met or DL-methionine-hydroxyanalogue (DL-MHA) assuming biological equivalence on a molar basis for both supplements. The three experimental diets were fed to growing pigs (35-40 kg bwt.). Spontaneous urine samples were analysed separately for determining parameters that characterize the acid-base status of the pigs. There were no significant differences between experimental groups in nutrient digestibilities. The level of bacterially fermentable substances was increased in the diets containing field beans. The field beans contained 14 mg ME/kg DM. There were no significant (p < 0,05) differences in N- and mineral-retentions (Ca, P, Na, K) between the treatments. The stronger alkalinity found in urine after feeding the field bean mixtures resulted from a higher electrolyte balance of the diet.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗