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Infection in war wounds: experience during the 1973 October War in Israel.

The development of infections in 420 wounded soldiers, admitted to the Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem between October 7, 1973 and November 31, 1973, was studied. An attempt was made to relate the development of infection to the type of injury. The overall infection rate was 22%, but varied with the type of injury. Three "risk factors" were found to be associated with infection regardless of the number of injuries: 1)penetrating abdominal wounds involving the colon; 2) fractures involving the femur; 3) burns involving more than 25% of body surface. In patients with comparable injuries, the presence of infection was found to prolong the duration of hospitalization. Pseudomonas was the most common single pathogen. There were no cases of myonecrosis (gas gangrene). Of the 8 soliders who died, 5 died with or because of infection.

Adult↗

External fixation in war trauma management of the extremities--experience from the war in Croatia.

During 18 months, the authors treated 109 wounded patients whose complicated gunshot fractures were externally fixated. The total of 116 external fixators were applied. Besides bone fractures, blood vessels, nerve, and soft-tissue injuries required additional reconstructive procedures. The most frequent complications were infection of the tissue surrounding pins (35.34%), osteomalacia around the pins (18.10%) and osteomyelitis (7.70%). In 25 patients (21.55%) the external fixation was removed after the treatment of fractures. In eight wounded patients (6.89%) surgery had to be repeated to correct the inadequate position of bone fragments.

Croatia↗

From holy war to opium war? A case study of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan.

This paper examines the recent growth of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan. A detailed analysis of one village in Badakshan Province reveals profound changes in the local economy and social institutions. The paper describes two major shifts in the local economy: first, the switch from wheat to poppy cultivation; and second, the shift from the livestock trade to the opium trade. It then examines the underlying causes and impacts of the opium economy on social relations in the village. Although a case study of a community living on the margins of the global economy, it is argued that these changes have important implications for international policymakers. The emergence of the opium economy in north-eastern Afghanistan is symptomatic of new and expanding forms of trans-border trade associated with the restructuring of the global political economy.

Afghanistan↗

Health administration: the war that is waged even after the wage war is over.

Conditions are made in every job. It is quite another exercise meeting them. Galling things like telephone rental money; malignant little ulcers like removal expenses; the kind of friction that ensues when, having been promised the moon, you get a handful of dust. Drew Clode, who last week looked into wage packets, now tests the letter and the spirit of something more abstract if no less realistic: the conditions in which you work and indeed live.

Administrative Personnel↗