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PubMed1987

The effects of two Ureaplasma diversum strains on early pregnancy in heifers.

Two field isolates of Ureaplasma diversum spp. were used to infect heifers at the time of insemination in a preliminary study to observe the effect of infection on early pregnancy. M84-14c-1 was a field isolate from a bull's prepuce typed by immunofluorescence to be similar to U. diversum strain T-44 (Group C). M84-477c-4 was a field isolate from bovine semen typed by immunofluorescence to be similar to U. diversum strain T-288 (Group A). All three heifers infected with M84-477c-4 had a mild granular vulvitis at some time during the trial. None was pregnant when slaughtered 27 days after infection. The result of infection with M84-14c-1, a preputial isolate, was not consistent. One heifer had no infection and a normal pregnancy, one heifer was infected with an abnormal pregnancy, and one heifer was open but ureaplasmas were not detected until day 17 of the trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Animal ureaplasmas: their ecological niche and role in disease.

Each animal species is colonized by a restricted and characteristic group of ureaplasmas, although it can be demonstrated experimentally that host specificity is not absolute. Ureaplasmas are likely to be complicating agents in several diseases, including respiratory infections, conjunctivitis and urogenital infections; alone they can induce mild disease in the lung and conjunctiva. Ureaplasmas are commonly isolated from the urogenital tract where they have been shown to cause vulvitis. In general, attempts to relate disease to specific serotypes have not been successful.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Genital Ureaplasma diversum infection: investigations in cattle in France].

A first bacteriological study of infection by Ureaplasma diversum in cattle was performed in France on 50 bulls and 565 dairy cows. U diversum was isolated in 74% (37/50) of the bull semen and 40% (227/565) of the cows. No significant relationship was found in cows between infection and lesions of granular vulvitis, nor between infection and breeding performances. Serological studies of isolates by membrane filtration dot immunobinding showed a predominance of the serogroups B and C in males, and serogroup B in females.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Gynecologic diseases in the diabetic woman].

Gynecologic affections such as diabetic vulvitis, vulvo-vaginal mycosis, some dysfunctions of the ovary, recurrent abortion, secondary frigidity and sometimes carcinoma of the endometrium, may be the first signs of a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. Contraception is particularly indicated in diabetic women. The methods are discussed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1994

Humoral and secretory antibodies to Ureaplasma diversum in heifers following subcutaneous vaccination and vaginal infection.

We measured antibody levels in serum and cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) of four heifers vaccinated with two inoculations of killed Ureaplasma diversum strain 2312 in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) two weeks apart, and six heifers given a placebo. Two weeks later, the vaccinates and four placebo heifers, were challenged by intravaginal inoculation with 6.4 x 10(8) colony-forming units of the homologous U. diversum strain. The remaining two placebo heifers served as unvaccinated, unchallenged controls. Antibody levels in serum and CVM of all heifers were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Vaccination stimulated specific IgG1 and IgG2 responses in serum and CVM but only a slight IgM and no IgA response. In both vaccinate and placebo heifers, subsequent intravaginal challenge resulted in a granular vulvitis (GV) with a predominant IgA response in the CVM. The GV gradually subsided during the 35 day observation period but ureaplasmas were consistently demonstrated by culture. We concluded that subcutaneous vaccination stimulated a specific, albeit nonprotective, IgG response in serum and CVM. In contrast, vaginal infection primarily induced a mucosal IgA response.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Contact dermatitis associated with the use of Always sanitary napkins.

OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical association between vulvar irritation or contact dermatitis and the use of Always sanitary napkins. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: A gynecology practice in Montreal. PATIENTS: Women presenting between September 1991 and September 1994 with itching or burning of areas that would be in contact with a sanitary napkin (mons pubis, external surfaces of the vulva and perineum) beginning at least 1 day after the use of the napkins was started and less than 5 days after the use was stopped. RESULTS: Twenty-eight women experienced vulvar itching and burning, often associated with eruptions resembling contact dermatitis, of the vulvar and perineal surfaces after using Always sanitary napkins. Twenty-six reported that symptoms disappeared after they stopped using that brand of sanitary napkin. Seven women who later used the same brand again reported a recurrence of the vulvar irritation. CONCLUSION: The findings of this case series reveal Always sanitary napkins as a potentially important cause of recurrent vulvitis. Physician awareness of the association will enable effective advice and relief for a large number of women suffering "chronic vaginitis".

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Malassezia furfur folliculitis of the vulva: olive oil solves the mystery.

BACKGROUND: In treating women with chronic fungal infections, it is important to know which organism is responsible for the infection. In the past, organisms thought to cause vaginitis and vulvitis could all be cultured on modified Sabouraud agar. CASE: We describe a case of a woman whose chronic fungal vulvar folliculitis masqueraded as squamous epithelial hyperplasia. The 46-year-old woman, taking immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, was referred with an 8-month history of vulvar vesicles, itching, and burning. Her examination revealed a vulvar folliculitis. When fungal cultures were initially negative, a vulvar biopsy revealed a squamous epithelial hyperplasia. However, a fungal culture covered with sterile olive oil eventually grew Malassezia furfur, a yeast with peculiar growth requirements. She was cured with a 2-week course of fluconazole. CONCLUSION: Malassezia furfur, an organism rarely described in the vaginitis literature, can cause vulvar folliculitis in a patient on immunosuppressive therapy.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1998

Vulvar disorders in prepubertal girls. A literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To review and discuss vulvar disorders in prepubertal girls. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. RESULTS: Bacterial and fungal vulvitis, dermatitis, inflammatory dermatoses, secondary drug reactions, viral infections and a variety of vulvar tumors can all present as primary vulvar problems in prepubertal girls. In addition, systemic diseases can present with vulvar involvement. CONCLUSION: In order to facilitate optimal care of prepubertal girls with vulvar disorders, a comprehensive review of the literature is presented.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Vulvodynia. A multifactorial clinical problem.

Symptomatic vulvar burning (vulvodynia) in the absence of abnormal physical findings was long thought to be an unusual psychosomatic gynecologic problem. Within the past decade, however, a number of investigators began to study patients with this frustrating problem. Initial physician insistence on a major role for psychological factors has gradually given way to sophisticated searches for evidence of persistent infectious agents, especially human papillomavirus and Candida. Gynecologists searching for causes and surgical relief of vulvodynia have even reevaluated elements of vulvar anatomy. The purpose of this article is to introduce dermatologists to current perspectives on vulvodynia in the context of the clinical experience of the author, who has been actively involved in the multidisciplinary investigation of this problem since its recognition in the early 1980s. To date, the following five sign-symptom complexes have been identified by the author and recognized by other vulvodynia investigators: (1) vulvar dermatoses, (2) cyclic vulvitis, (3) vulvar papillomatosis, (4) vulvar vestibulitis, and (5) essential vulvodynia. A given patient's complaint may be primarily associated with one of these factors, but it is not unusual to see others develop simultaneously or sequentially. Remission or exacerbation of symptoms may occur when treatment for one condition affects the onset of another. It is evident that vulvodynia is a complex diagnosis and that recognition of multiple factors is important to appropriate patient evaluation and management.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Current status of the treatment of epidermoid cancer of the vulva.

Epidermoid cancer accounts for 81% of the malignancies of the vulva. Although the etiology has not been delineated, chronic vulvitis is associated with cancer in almost one-third of the patients. The staging system should utilize the most precise and accurate parameters delineated for improved treatment. A new staging system is utilized. Proven treatment is primarily surgical.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Combination of laser plus 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of extensive genital condylomata acuminata.

Although laser is effective in the treatment of genital condylomata, patients with extensive lesions frequently require more than one treatment. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the cure rate achieved by a single laser treatment could be improved by adding topical 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Twenty patients with extensive genital condylomata were treated with laser alone. Twenty patients comparable to the first group in age, number, size, and distribution of the condylomata were treated by laser and 5-FU. The first application of 5% 5-FU cream was carried out at the end of the laser treatment by the surgeon in the operating room. The patients were instructed to apply 5-FU cream once weekly to the vulva and once every two weeks to the vagina by using an applicator filled to one-third with 5-FU cream. Seven patients (35%) without 5-FU were found to have persistent condylomata at the first follow-up examination eight to 12 weeks after the single laser treatment. Two additional patients were noted to have disease six and nine months after laser treatment. The combination of laser and 5-FU failed in two cases (10%), both identified at the first visit. The difference is statistically significant (P less than .025, chi-square test). Two patients exposed to 5-FU experienced chemical vulvitis. It is concluded that the combination of a single laser treatment and 5-FU has acceptable side effects and results in a higher cure rate than a single laser treatment without 5-FU.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a new slide latex agglutination test for diagnosis of vaginal candidosis.

A new commercial slide latex particle agglutination test for rapid (2 min) diagnosis of vaginal candidosis was evaluated and compared with conventional methods. Of the 263 women studied, 63 (23.9%) had yeasts in the vagina. Clinical signs of vulvitis or vaginitis were seen in 23 women (8.8%) and 40 (15.2%) were harbouring yeasts without clinical signs. Yeast counts were generally higher in women with clinical signs of vaginal candidosis than in those without. The test was positive in 15 of the 23 women (65.2%) with clinical signs, the incidence of a positive test increasing in direct proportion to the amount of yeasts isolated. The test's sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were comparable to those of microscopy and culture. Being both rapid and simple to perform, this new test offers a useful alternative to conventional methods for the diagnosis of vaginal candidosis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and treatment for children who cannot control urination.

Primary NE is probably a condition rooted in biologic problems. There is a strong hereditary component. Altered nervous system function may lead to disorganization of how bladder function is controlled and how vasopressin is released. In extreme cases, this disorganization may also be reflected in psychologic issues, such as attention-deficit disorder. Primary NE should not be viewed as laziness of the child, but as an obstacle the child needs professional help to hurdle. The practitioner should collaborate with a pediatrician, urologist, and psychologist in managing children who wet. Routine office evaluation should exclude incontinence as a cause of wetting. When a screening ultrasonogram is normal, this helps the practitioner determine that striking birth defects are unlikely. Follow-up of management by interview with interested staff is necessary. Wetting is reliably correctable and probably best addressed by combination treatment structured as an ETP. Specific treatments vary according to personal preferences. The treatment with strongest scientific research, desmopressin, may be the least effective for cure. The most effective treatment for cure, alarm with behavior reinforcement, is the least often prescribed. A miscellany of adjunctive treatments should be suggested when there are abnormalities in functional bladder capacity, defecation, urethritis, vulvitis, diet sensitivity, upper-airway obstruction, and other areas.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[Meningococcal vulvovaginitis in a prepubertal girl].

Neisseria meningitidis is an uncommon cause of vulvovaginitis in the prepubertal girl. The microorganism must not be mistaken for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, as the consequences of such an error may be serious. Colonization or infection by Neisseria meningitis is not uncommon in adolescents and adults. Vulvitis, even when it is recurrent, is not per se a good indicator of sexual abuse, but some microorganisms found by vaginal swab can make it possible, likely or certain. Sexual transmission of N. meningitidis has not been described in the prepubertal child.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

Phase and size variable surface-exposed proteins in equine genital mycoplasmas.

Mycoplasma equigenitalium and Mycoplasma subdolum have been associated with infertility, endometritis, vulvitis and abortions in mares, and with reduced fertility and balanoposthitis in stallions. Despite their role in equine genital disorder, determinants of virulence and pathogenesis as well as factors provoking specific host immune responses have not been identified, so far. To establish the major immunogenic components of Mycoplasma (M.) equigenitalium and M. subdolum, antigen profiles of their type strains as well as 30 clinical isolates were compared by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis using hyperimmune rabbit sera and equine sera from clinical cases. To define the major protein antigens of both mycoplasma species, detergent-phase fractionation with Triton X-114 was performed. Western blot analysis of 30 clinical isolates revealed a high similarity of their overall antigen profile with only slight differences. In contrast, monospecific polyclonal antibodies raised against detergent-phase proteins of the two mycoplasma species identified three prominent proteins (pST17, pST42, and pET45) undergoing variation in expression and size among clinical and clonal isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy and tolerability of single-dose versus six-day treatment of candidal vulvovaginitis with vaginal tablets of clotrimazole.

One hundred ninety-nine female patients with candidal vulvovaginitis were included in an open, randomized, mycologically controlled study carried out at three Dutch gynecologic clinics to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a single vaginal tablet containing 500 mg clotrimazole in comparison with a 6-day treatment with vaginal tablets containing 100 mg clotrimazole. Both groups were comparable in age, body weight, and duration and severity of the infection, and in both groups the percentage of patients who were also treated for vulvitis with a 1% clotrimazole cream and the percentage of the male partners who were treated were equal. Four weeks after therapy, 84 of the 102 patients (82.4%) treated with one dose of 500 mg clotrimazole were cured and 82 of the 97 patients (84.5%) of the 6-day treatment group were cured. The clinical symptoms improved parallel to the improvement of mycologic findings. Both the vaginal tablets containing 500 mg and those containing 100 mg clotrimazole were well tolerated by the patients. After 1 week the results of the single-dose treatment with 500 mg clotrimazole were slightly better than those of the 6-day treatment with vaginal tablets of 100 mg clotrimazole. After 4 weeks the results were reversed, but it should be considered that this could be due to reinfection of the patients.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

The effect of Ureaplasma diversum activated mononuclear leukocytes on the development and interferon-tau production by bovine IVF-derived embryos.

Ureaplasma diversum is an opportunistic pathogen of the bovine genital tract causing herd outbreaks of granular vulvitis, abortion and infertility. Early embryonic death probably contributes to reduction of the reproductive performance in cows, however, pathogenesis of the disease remains obscure. The aim of the study was to examine whether activation of mononuclear leukocytes by U. diversum may affect embryo development and IFN-tau production. Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were cultured with U.diversum antigen for 24 h. The levels of IL-1, TNF-alpha, NO and GM-CSF in the cell culture supernatants were measured. IVF-derived embryos were cultured in the presence of supernatants from activated leukocytes. The development of embryos until day 6 postinsemination and the rate of morulae/blastocysts were determined. IFN-tau production in supernatants of cultured embryos was examined by inhibition of a virally-induced cytopathic effect. The results showed that U. diversum stimulated mononuclear leukocyte production of IL-1, TNF-alpha and NO. Supernatants from U. diversum-activated cells did not impair the rates of the embryo development and blastocyst formation. The products of activated leukocytes increased the IFN-tau production by cultured blastocysts. This suggest that U. diversum infection provides leukocyte-mediated signals for developing embryos for generation of additional production of cytokine - an important component of innate immunity.

Animals↗