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PubMed1998

Daylight simulators and colour vision tests.

Our previous studies have shown that the influence of the illuminating source used for colour vision examination on the intended function of the test is very test dependent, some being relatively unaffected by source characteristics while others can be significantly affected. The effects can even differ between the plates of one pseudo-isochromatic plate test set. In addition, in previous studies we have considered a large range of sources on one test at a time. For this study the emphasis is on four fluorescent tube sources, all of which meet the requirements of the CIE method for assessing the quality of daylight simulators. The colour vision tests include sorting tests (the D-15 tests [Standard, Lanthony Desat and Adams Desat]), the Lanthony New Colour Test and the FM100 Hue Test, pseudo-isochromatic plate tests (Ishihara, Standard Pseudo-isochromatic Plates Volume 1, Hahn New Colour Test and Lanthony Tritan Album) and a matching test (TCU Test). Two examples are quoted here. The tests were assessed on the basis of alignment of the colours of the tests to protanopic and deuteranopic confusion axes and, where appropriate, to the tritanopic confusion axis. The data and analysis indicate that the four fluorescent tubes are essentially equivalent.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1998

Vision testing in schools: an evaluation of personnel, tests, and premises.

This study compared the results of vision screening of 5 year olds in schools by school nurses and an orthoptist, compared two tests, and examined testing conditions. The specificity of nurse testing was 95% and the sensitivity 83%. No conclusions about the tests could be made owing to the small numbers in this part of the study, but some children, after nearly one year at school, could not match a line of four letters required for the more accurate test. Only 13 of 22 schools had suitable testing conditions.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Potential vision tests in patients with cataracts.

PURPOSE: To determine the limits of usefulness of the potential acuity meter (PAM) and the laser interferometer (LI) in determining potential visual acuity in various severities and types of cataracts. METHODS: The study included 48 patients (67 eyes) who were undergoing cataract surgery and who had PAM and LI tests. The 67 eyes were grouped into (1) eyes with cataracts only (45 eyes) and (2) eyes with cataracts and other ocular diseases (22 eyes). Group 1 eyes were subdivided into two groups according to their Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II) grading: 1a eyes (moderate cataracts) had an LOCS II grade of nuclear opalescence (NO) < 4 and cortical opacity (C) < 5 and posterior sub-capsularcataract (P) < 4, and group 1b eyes (severe cataracts) had an LOCS II grade of NO = 4 or C = 5 or P = 4. The accuracy of the PAM and LI was estimated separately for each group. RESULTS: For moderate cataracts, the accuracy of the PAM was 100% and of the LI was 92%. For severe cataracts, the accuracy of the PAM was 52% and of the LI was 79%. Both instruments tended to underestimate visual outcome more in eyes with posterior subcapsular cataracts. For eyes with other ocular diseases, the LI tends to overestimate the probable visual outcome more than the PAM, especially in patients with poor retinal function. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors such as preoperative visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, the type and severity of the cataract, and coexisting retinal disorders may affect the accuracy of the PAM and LI tests, and these should be considered when interpreting predicted vision, especially in preoperative counseling of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The validity of Titmus Vision testing results.

A comparison was made between results obtained through the Titmus Vision Tester and those obtained through more common open field optometric procedures. Specific tests performed with the Titmus Vision Tester included near and distance visual acuities, distance lateral and vertical phorias, color discrimination, and stereo acuity. Results were also obtained using Snellen near and distance charts for visual acuities, Maddox rod for vertical and lateral phorias at distance (neutralized with prism), Ishihara plates for color discrimination, and Stereofly Wirt Dot for stereo acuity. The purpose was to determine whether results obtained by the Titmus Vision Tester are significantly different from those obtained by performing the above specific tests on the patient population.

Adult↗