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Results for “Vision Screening”

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PubMed1993

[Effective vision screening can decrease the rate of amblyopia].

The quality of screening for testing visual disorders is unsatisfactory. Diagnosis and therapy are generally too late to exploit the advantage therapy can give during the sensitive period of visual acuity. About 10% of the adult population show decreased visual acuity (below 0.8). These persons have a more or less distinct amblyopia. Commonly used visual acuity tests do not allow the crowding phenomenon to be measured, although it is an easily measurable amblyopia characteristic. The most frequently used visual acuity test by German health authorities (R 5/R 11 test with plate No. 120) shows 48% false-negative results. We introduced the H test for preschool children. For school children and adults we developed the C test. To detect amblyopia precisely we designed both tests so that the crowding phenomenon could be measured. Both tests were validated in more than 700 subjects. All persons received an extensive ophthalmological checkup, which was used as the reference for normality. The H test is based on the matching principle and works with musical feedback. The test can be used from the age of 3 years onward. Therefore, the advantage of early therapy can be fully exploited. The H test has a 3% percentage false-negative rate. The C test is based on the Landolt ring. The visual acuity charts are presented as a book (40 cm distance) for measuring near visual acuity and (5 m) for measuring distance visual acuity. The C test has less than 5% false-negative results. Both tests can help in different age groups to diagnose amblyopic cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Enhanced vision screening of highway patrol applicants.

BACKGROUND: The Missouri State Highway Patrol (MSHP) required that its vision standards be updated in order to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This act prohibits employers from using qualification standards to screen out people with disabilities, including vision, unless they are job-related and necessary. METHODS: Since 1992 the author and a team of optometry students have screened all MSHP applicants using the American Optometric Association (AOA)'s Vision Standards for Police Officers with the addition of grating contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: The mean age of this group was 24.8 years and most (87%) were male. Thirty percent wore spectacles, contact lenses, or had refractive modification. Ninety-seven percent of the applicants were able to pass all aspects of the enhanced vision screening. CONCLUSION: The initiation of optometric screening to ensure that all future troopers meet the recommended vision standards for police officers should ensure uniformity of these standards for the MSHP.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Vision screening in older adults on dialysis: do nephrology nurses have a role?

Undetected vision loss commonly occurs in older adults adding undue stress to those on dialysis. Poor vision is associated with increased risk of falls and decreased quality of life. Common visual impairments--presbyopia, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy--often are detectable by visual acuity testing. Using various methods of visual acuity testing, nephrology nurses can perform vision testing quickly and inexpensively. Other nursing interventions also can improve eyesight.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Vision screening in junior schools.

A prospective study of routine school vision tests in 1809 children aged 8 and 10 y was undertaken in schools in the Cambridge Health District over two years (1988-1990) to establish whether a significant number of defects of vision were detected. Although the visual acuity of 31% of children who had an abnormal test was recorded as abnormal, most abnormalities were minimal. Only 15 (0.83%) had newly diagnosed problems requiring treatment. Almost all children with marked visual abnormalities had already been detected before school entry, at the 5 y school vision test or on another occasion. Near vision testing did not identify any previously undiagnosed child with significant defects who did not also have distant vision abnormalities. Satisfactory colour vision test results had been recorded for most children at the 5 y school entry vision test. These data do not justify the continued use of routine screening in junior schools.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Referral rates for a functional vision screening among a large cosmopolitan sample of Australian children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of functional vision problems in a large unselected cosmopolitan population of primary school-age children and to investigate whether constant clinical criteria for functional vision problems would be implemented by the practitioners involved in the screening. Refractive errors, near point of convergence, stereopsis, strabismus, heterophoria and accommodative facility were assessed for 2697 children (3-12 years) of varying racial backgrounds living in Australia. The spherical component of the refractive error ranged from -7.75 to +9.50 D (mean +0.54 D, +/-0.79) with a distribution skewed towards hypermetropia; astigmatism ranged from 0 to 4.25 D (mean -0.16 D, +/-0.35). There was a trend towards less hypermetropia and slightly more astigmatism with age. Mean near point of convergence was 5.4+/-2.9 cm, heterophoria at far and near was 0.12+/-1.58delta exophoria and 1.05+/-2.53delta exophoria, respectively, 0.55% of children exhibited vertical phoria at near >0.5delta, accommodative facility ranged from 0 to 24 cycles per minute (cpm) (mean 11.2 cpm, +/-3.7), stereopsis varied from 20 to 800 s (") of arc with 50% of children having 40" or better. The prevalence of strabismus was particularly low (0.3%). Twenty percent of the children were referred for further assessment based on criteria of one or more of: stereopsis >70", accommodative facility <8 cpm, near point of convergence (NPC) >9 cm, near exophoria >10delta or near esophoria >5delta, shift in eso or exophoria > or = 4delta between distance and near, astigmatism > or = 1 D, myopia more than -0.75 D, or hyperopia >+1.50 D. Post-hoc analysis of the record cards seeking the reason for further assessment indicates that referrals appear to have been based upon clinical intuition rather than on a set number of borderline or unsatisfactory results.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1992

Vision screening.

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Audiology↗