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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Dual-label retrograde transport: CNS innervation of the mouse thymus distinct from other mediastinum viscera.

Two different retrogradely transported tracers were identified and used to distinguish between the innervation of the thymus gland and the innervation of adjacent tissues residing within the mouse mediastinum. To determine the best procedure for peripheral dual-labeled retrograde transport, several different tracers, vehicles, and injection protocols were developed and/or tested. In the periphery, it proved ineffective to use Rhodamine latex microspheres (Luma-Fluor) as a retrograde transport agent. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) suspended in the water-soluble carrier KY Jelly and Fluoro-Gold (FG) in an aqueous solution was the most effective combination of retrograde transport tracers. Equivalent doses of each of these tracers were determined, and injections of HRP or FG into the thymus and the esophagus produced distinct and separate patterns of labeled neurons in the spinal cord or brain stem. Throughout these CNS areas, some neurons contained both tracers suggesting that 1) these areas are innervated by neurons that give rise to collaterals to these tissues, 2) that the retrograde tracers are transported by nerves that innervate the lymphatics of the mediastinum, and/or 3) that some diffusion of the tracers occurs from the test organs and tissues to other organs and tissues of the mediastinum.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Homeodomain factor Nkx2-3 controls regional expression of leukocyte homing coreceptor MAdCAM-1 in specialized endothelial cells of the viscera.

Regulated emigration of blood-borne leukocytes plays a defining role in lymphoid organ development, immune surveillance, and inflammatory responses. We report here that mice deficient in the homeobox gene Nkx2-3, expressed in developing visceral mesoderm, show a complex intestinal malabsorption phenotype and striking abnormalities of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and spleen suggestive of deranged leukocyte homing. Mutant Peyer's patches were reduced in number and size, intestinal villi contained few IgA(+) plasma cells, and mutant spleens were small and often atrophic, showing fused periarterial lymphoid sheaths, partially merged T and B cell zones, an absent marginal zone, and a dearth of macrophages in red pulp. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed down-regulation of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in endothelial cells in which Nkx2-3 is normally expressed. MAdCAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, acting as an endothelial cell ligand for leukocyte homing receptors L-selectin and alpha4beta7 integrin. Our data suggest a role for a homeodomain factor in establishing the developmental and positional cues in endothelia that regulate leukocyte homing through local control of cellular adhesion and identify MAdCAM-1 as a candidate target gene of Nkx2-3.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Last-intercalated node and direct lymphatic drainage into the thoracic duct from the thoracoabdominal viscera.

OBJECTIVE: We clarified the configuration of the mediastinal lymphatics, focusing on the last intercalated lymph node and the direct drainage vessel to the thoracic duct, based on recent anatomical findings. METHODS: We macroscopically observed the lymphatics during dissections of 205 cadavers in combination with routine histology. We also review the results of injection by other researchers. RESULTS: Efferent vessels draining directly into the thoracic duct or venous angle were frequently found in the following node groups: the right paratracheal node group corresponding to the last intercalated node in 98% of cadavers (201); the brachiocephalic angle node group in 85% of cadavers (174); the right recurrent nerve group in 46% (94); the left superior phrenic node group in 73% (150); the node group at the origin of the left common carotid artery (the preaortico-carotid node) in 37% (76); the pretracheal node group in 25% (51) and the left tracheobronchial node group in 36% (74). Last intercalated nodes appeared common for multiple drainage routes or regional lymphatics. These results were mostly consistent with injection studies by Riquet et al. Direct lymphatic drainage from the esophagus to the thoracic duct was observed in 19% of cadavers (39). Direct lymphatic drainage of lung segments to distant mediastinal nodes is also reviewed. The sentinel node concept is discussed in relation to the above observations. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that the most critical sentinel node, if such usage is allowed, is situated as a guard for a limited specific route and for a common drainage route. We term it the "common terminal node".

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Comparative study of pathological changes in the mouse viscera in infection caused by two orthopoxviruses.

The mechanisms of infection development in intraperitoneal inoculation of mice by ectromelia virus strain K-1 and cowpox strain EP-2 were studied. Ultrastructural parameters of virus assembly and maturation are described. Differences in the types of cells replicating the viruses and in the type of visceral injuries were detected. The studies showed a local type of strain EP-2 cowpox infection and dissemination of ectromelia strain K-1.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Identification of minor fatty acids and various nonmethylene-interrupted diene isomers in mantle, muscle, and viscera of the marine bivalve Megangulus zyonoensis.

To clarify the occurrence of nonmethylene-interrupted (NMI) FA in the marine bivalve Megangulus zyonoensis, methyl esters of unsaturated FA were fractionated according to the degree of their unsaturation by using argentation TLC. Their structures were elucidated by using GC-MS of their FAME and 2-alkenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives. Seventy-two unsaturated FA, including the novel 7,15-21 and 20:4n-1, were identified. The unusual tetraenoic acids 20:4n-4, 20:4n-1, 21:4n-6, and 21:4n-5 were found in M. zyonoensis. This bivalve was extremely rich in the positional isomers of 19:1, 20:2, and 20:3. The distribution of NMI and positional isomers of unusual FA in the bivalve tissues was also discussed.

Animals↗