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PubMed1996

China venereal disease rates rising 18 percent annually.

With the number of cases rising by 18% annually, venereal disease could become China's top infectious disease by the year 2000, China's senior physician on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) reports. Reported cases in China of eight major venereal diseases, including HIV, gonorrhea, and syphilis, increased to 362,000 in 1995, a news agency quoted Professor Ye Shunzhang, National Venereal Disease Control Centre (NVDCC), as saying. Venereal disease could become China's leading infectious disease, with more than 800,000 patients expected by the year 2000, Shunzhang said. China reports it had 3341 cases of HIV by the end of 1995, of whom 117 were suffering from AIDS. However, doctors have warned that the real number could top 100,000 because of insufficient reporting and misdiagnosis.

Asia↗
PubMed1997

[Stratagies on the way to "act on fighting venereal diseases"].

Urban development, industrialisation, fluctuation of population and social impoverishment of increasing number of proletariat caused in XIX century spread of tuberculosis and venereal diseases. Despite clearance of their aetiology, therapeutic abilities were limited. Social and medical activity has brought to the new political and social way in fighting these diseases. In 1902 the politicians, social workers and physicians formed "German Society for Fighting against Venereal Diseases" (DGBD). Increase of incidence of venereal diseases in course and after I-World War brought on 11th December 1918 to publishing by the Government of Third Reich a decree on fighting venereal diseases. Among other the importance was attached to obligation of treatment, amenability to punishment of conscious spreading of infection, obligatory informing by physicians, creation of consultation stations. This regulatory was prepared in a situation of instant need and it included many compromise solutions, which made a radical improvement of a situation more difficult. Between 1918 and 1927 the work has been carried out on new legal solutions. A long time gone until the time of adopting new legal solutions could be explained with contradictory tendencies in various political trends. After rejection by the parliament in 1923 and 1925 of two drafts of act on fight against venereal diseases on 22nd June 1925, the next version of act was passed under debates of 10th Committee in succession. In this meeting took part the representatives of all parties represented in both houses of parliament (the Centre, German National Party, Social Democratic Party, Communist Party), and representatives of the Land Governments. Discussion at the Meeting of 10th Committee concerned the controversial standpoints on the following issues: obligation and points of compulsory treatment and bearing the financial costs of them, expansion of consultation stations, exclusive right of giving treatment by approved physicians. ...

Germany↗
PubMed1979

The "other" venereal diseases: herpes simplex, trichomoniasis and candidiasis.

Although the term venereal disease has been synonymous with gonorrhea and syphilis, the Center for Disease Control now states that the new cases of herpes simplex type - 2, trichomoniasis and candidiasis are rapidly approaching and, in certain instances, have surpassed the annual cases of syphilis and gonorrhea. Trichomoniasis and candidiasis are at times unbearable to millions of women. In relation to genital herpes, the circumstances are much more serious. It is rapidly approaching epidemic proportions, it has no cure, and it can be detrimental to the unsuspecting pregnant woman. It is imperative that, as health professionals, we broaden our teaching efforts to include these "other" venereal diseases and help our students to do what they can within the total framework of their own knowledge and behavior to avoid and treat venereal infections. Traditionally the term "venereal disease" has been thought of as being synonymous with only gonorrhea and syphilis because of their high incidence rates. The Center for Disease Control estimates that there are 3 million new cases of trichomoniasis and 300,000 to 1 million cases of herpes genitalis, compared to one million cases of gonorrhea and about 20,000 cases of syphilis each year. These incidence rates certainly indicate a need for our educational programs to include trichomoniasis and herpes simplex, as well as the traditional coverage of gonorrhea and syphilis, in our health education classes. But what are these other common, sexually transmitted diseases? What are their causes, symptoms and complications, and most important, how can they be prevented or at least treated?

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1977

Venereal disease education and a selected group of American college students.

Education is considered to be an important factor in the control and possible eradication of venereal diseases. A study was undertaken to discover what effect education had had on a selected group of university students so as to determine suitable avenues for future educational programmes. Many of the schools attended by the students had issued information on venereal diseases; most students considered that this information was useful. The study did not generally show a significant relationship between previous health education, current attitude and behaviour, and the contraction of venereal disease. However, the data did appear to reveal a correlation between the lack of education at junior high school and the acquisition of venereal disease. The university student health service, together with books and pamphlets made available outside the school of classroom, were regarded as being important in venereal disease education. These findings can help those planning venereal disease education for young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of three educational techniques used in a venereal disease clinic.

The communications methods that could be used in educational programs for venereal disease patients were examined as to their relative effectiveness: a programed learning guide, an audiovisual (cinematographic) technique, and an interview method. An experimental design was used to study three groups of patients at a venereal disease clinic; (a) persons who were pretested, exposed to an educational method, and tested again, (b) a control group whose members were pretested and post-tested but not exposed to an educational method, and (c) another control group whose members were exposed to an educational method and then took a post-test. Each of those groups exposed to the educational techniques was further subdivided according to the technique applied. Analysis of the data collected from 443 subjects led to the following tentative conclusions: 1. Representation in the nine groups was demographically uniform as measured by age, sex, marital status, and ethnic origin. 2. All three educational techniques significantly raised the subjects' level of knowledge about venereal disease, as measured by their test scores. 3. All three techniques were favorably received by the subjects. The majority reported that the techniques were the right length (10 to 15 minutes), interesting, informative, useful, and anxiety-reducing. The three techniques apparently accounted for an increase of more than 20 percent in subjects' scores on tests about venereal disease, and the subjects perceived all three techniques as interesting and beneficial. The interview method proved significantly more effective than the other two techniques in raising the knowledge level. It was also the technique most favorably received by the subjects. As expected, those persons who entered the clinic with a low level of knowledge learned much more when exposed to an educational techniques than persons entering the clinic with a high level of knowledge. Reaction to the three methods did not differ significantly by the subjects' age or sex.

Achievement↗
PubMed1958

The venereal disease problem in Japan.

According to statistical reports, venereal disease case-rates and death-rates have both shown a real decline in Japan in the last decade. However, from a one-day survey of patients in all Japanese medical establishments carried out in 1955, it is estimated that not less than 720 000 new cases of venereal disease occur annually. Moreover, with the coming into force of the new anti-prostitution law, prostitutes (responsible for some 70% of male venereal infections) will become scattered among the general population and consequently more difficult to control and treat; as a result there may even be an increase in the spread of venereal infection.The authors describe the control methods currently in use in Japan, which may be grouped in two categories-case-finding, and treatment and case-holding-and suggest how these might be strengthened or improved.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Venereal disease: what should the family doctor look for?

Venereal diseases, or sexually transmitted diseases as they are more aptly named, are emerging as a major medical problem. Although syphilis and gonorrhoea are the traditional venereal diseases, it is now widely accepted that sexual transmission occurs, at least to some degree, in a wide range of relatively common infective disorders. For the family physician coping with this group of diseases, there are a number of problems which include diagnostic difficulties, adequate supervision of treatment and general care and confidentiality within the family situation.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1979

A socio-epidemiologic survey of veneral diseases among national servicemen attending a VD hospital in Singapore.

Between September 22 and October 29, 1976, a socio-epidemiologic survey of venereal diseases (VD) was carried out at a hospital for VD and skin diseases in Singapore. The study subjects comprised 401 national servicemen from the Singapore Armed Forces who were selected by periodic stratified random sampling from among army patients at the hospital. These subjects were divided into two groups, one consisting of those suffering solely from venereal diseases and the other from non-venereal skin diseases only. Studies were made to compare the personal characteristics, educational and social backgrounds and sexual behavior between these two groups. On the basis of the results, a profile of a soldier likely to contract venereal diseases was made. The study showed that soldiers have inadequate knowledge of venereal diseases. Suggestions are made to improve education as to venereal diseases and to reduce risk of infection in the armed forces.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The struggle against venereal disease in Łódź at the turn of the 19th century].

At the turn of the 19th century in Łódź - with its poor sanitary conditions - venereal diseases (including the most dangerous, syphilis) were amongst the infectious and social diseases which were a great danger to the health and life of its inhabitants. Prostitution, which was a source of income for low-paid or unemployed women, contributed in great measure to the spread of infection. Bad housing conditions, abuse of alcohol, unawareness of danger and carelessness of treatment were also conducive to venereal diseases. The State authorities, who were obliged to struggle against venereal diseases, did so by repressive and humiliating police methods and by the introduction of controls in 1894 involving the registration and compulsory medical examination of prostitutes. Considering the lack of compulsion (except for prostitutes), venereal patients were hospitalized on a limited scale in only the general, specialist and constantly overcrowded Szpital Sw. Aleksandra (St. Alexander Hospital) - the prostitutes at their own expense and the poor at the expense of the municipality. The rich underwent treatment discreetly, in the surgeries and infirmaries of privately practising doctors. The lasting danger of venereal diseases prompted initiatives by doctors- philanthropists, members of Łódzkie Towarzystwo Lekarskie (the Medical Society of Łódź) and the local branch of Warszawskie Towarzystwo Higieniczne (the Hygienic Society of Warsaw). By their lectures, brochures and articles in medical periodicals they popularized their views on the causes; prevention and the struggle against venereal diseases. They were critical of the police and medical surveillance and the struggle against prostitution amongst juvenile girls and recommended the introduction of public, cost - free and obligatory treatment of the sick.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1992

[Study on the infections of U. urealyticum, M. hominis, and C. trachomatis in patients with venereal diseases and healthy controls in three areas of China].

Two hundred and thiry-nine patients with venereal diseases and 264 healthy controls, from Yichang, Liuzhou, and Beijing, were detected for the antibodies to Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu). Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) in 1990. The results showed that: 1) in patients with venereal diseases, the positive rates was the highest in Ct (27.62%), higher in Uu (17.57%), and lower in Mh (4.18%); 2) the levels of antibody to Ct and Uu were significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy controls; 3) in the patients, the positive rate of antibody to Ct was the highest in Beijing (55.88%), whereas, the lowest in Yichang (15.28%); the prevalence rate of antibody to Uu was the highest in Liuzhou (26.23%), whereas, the lowest in Beijing (5.88%); the level of antibody to Mh was not significantly different in the areas mentioned; and 4) the patients with venereal diseases were commonly complicated with infections caused by Ct, Uu, and Mh, there was a new problem to control and treat venereal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Campylobacter as a venereal disease in cattle].

Since the introduction of AI, venereal diseases caused by Tritrichomonas fetus and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis haved been eradicated in The Netherlands. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus can cause sporadic abortion and early embryonic death. When natural breeding is practised, venereal diseases must be included in the list of differential diagnoses of fertility problems. A case study of a Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus infection is described.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1978

The value of a psychiatric service within the venereal disease clinic.

A significant proportion of attenders at venereal diseases clinics can be regarded as potential psychiatric patients. However, there have been few reports on the value of readily available psychiatric advice at such clinics. The findings during a three-month period when a psychiatrist attended a venereal disease clinic are described. Twenty-two patients were referred for psychiatric assessment. Of the 20 who kept their appointment, 18 were diagnosed as mentally ill or as having a personality disorder. Of these two were already under psychiatric care, but 11 had never previously sought psychiatric assistance. The major sources of common venereological and psychiatric concern appeared to be among the promiscuous and the hypochondriacal patients. The former consisted of persons with personality disorders who were thought unlikely to respond to psychiatric treatment; but some of the latter improved after treatment with pimozide. Some patients defaulted and not all who persevered were helped. Nevertheless the results of a questionnnaire showed that the staff considered there was an important place for a psychiatrist within their clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Prevalence of venereal disease in indigent pregnant adolescents.

The prevalence of venereal disease in an indigent adolescent maternity population was determined. Of 740 teenagers examined for gonorrhea and syphilis, 2,4% were found to have gonorrhea, whereas 0.6% had primary syphilis. A concomitant study of 740 adult maternity cases at the same hospital revealed a somewhate higher incidence. Some factors in venereal disease prevalence in pregnant teenagers are discussed briefly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Teenage girls and venereal disease prophylaxis.

One of the main aims of venereal disease education is to encourage the use of prophylactic techniques by sexually-active persons. To do this educators must convey information about prophylaxis that is relevant. This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour regarding prophylaxis of a group of 200 American adolescent girls. The findings suggest areas of prophylaxis that should be emphasised and ways that might encourage the acceptance and use of prophylactic measures. The study showed there were some misunderstandings and that it was important, for example to clarify the relationship of the oral contraceptive to possible venereal disease infection. Education involving both the cognitive and affective domains was indicated by the partial acceptance of the use of the condom, particularly by persons who had more than one partner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Social and behavioural aspects of venereal disease among resident male university students.

A study of 1500 male students at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India was conducted to establish the prevalence and related social and behavioural aspects of venereal diseases. The prevalence was found to be 3.93 per cent. The majority of the students (86.4 per cent) belonged to the Hindu religion which is based on the caste system. Students from the Vaishya caste were more affected with venereal diseases. The social acceptability of having more than one wife had a definite impact on the incidence of venereal diseases. Students who practised masturbation and homosexuality were also more affected with venereal diseases. Prostitutes were the main source of infection. It was found that 28.8 per cent of these students had been infected on a previous occasion.

Adolescent↗