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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Characterization of the humoral immune response in dogs after vaccination against the Lyme borreliosis agent A study with five commercial vaccines using two different vaccination schedules.

Using five commercially available vaccines, groups of dogs were vaccinated against Lyme borreliosis and followed for 13 months. A modified vaccination schedule was included in the study in an attempt to induce higher and therefore longer-lasting protective antibody levels during the first year of immunization. Following vaccination antibodies were monitored using ELISA and Western blotting. Serum samples were examined either with antigen preparations derived from either Borrelia burgdorferi s. s., B. garinii or B. afzelii lysates or separately with recombinant OspA derived from the three species. Regardless of the vaccine used the third vaccination induced significantly higher antibody levels. Further analyses of the sera with homologue and heterologue detection systems showed in vitro only a minor cross-reactivity of vaccinal antibodies towards antigens derived from heterologous Borrelia species in vitro and consequently only minimal cross-protection can be expected.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Long-term humoral and cell-mediated immunity after acellular pertussis vaccination compares favourably with whole-cell vaccines 6 years after booster vaccination in the second year of life.

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses (CMI) were evaluated in subjects 3 and 6 years after primary and booster vaccination with either three-component acellular (Pa) or whole-cell (Pw) vaccines. Low anti-pertussis toxin (PT) antibody levels confirmed the absence of pertussis disease, consistent with ongoing protection. Anti-pertactin (PRN) antibodies, remained at higher levels in Pa-vaccinated subjects. At year 6, CMI responses continued to be present and were higher in Pa-vaccinated than Pw-vaccinated subjects. Long-term protection with Pa vaccines can be expected to be at least as good as that provided by efficacious Pw vaccines.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed2005

Impact of influenza vaccine on response to vaccination with pneumococcal vaccine in HIV patients.

The clinical effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is controversial, because of the low immunological response in these subjects. We studied the clinical response of pneumococcal vaccine and the relative impact of influenza vaccine by administering both pneumococcal and influenza vaccine in a group of 150 HIV patients belonging to all CDC categories. In the group of 90 HIV-infected patients vaccinated against both pneumonia and influenza virus, there was a low incidence of mild influenza (13.3%) and no case of pneumococcal pneumonia. On the contrary, among 60 nonvaccinated HIV patients, 61.6% underwent mild to severe influenza and two developed pneumococcal pneumonia. 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PV) seems to be clinically effective in preventing pneumonia in HIV-infected patients, and even more if strengthened by influenza vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of rhesus rotavirus vaccine given in combination with oral or inactivated poliovirus vaccines and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV) were assessed among 72 infants (6 weeks old) in Lahore, Pakistan, from August to December 1985. Special emphasis was placed on the possible interaction or interference caused by giving RRV at the time infants received their first polio immunization. RRV was given to the infants at the same time as diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). The immune response to RRV was assessed by plaque-reduction neutralization 3 weeks after immunization and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibody levels to poliovirus type 1 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after polio immunizations. Of the infants in the group given RRV with OPV, 50% had a two- to four-fold rise in neutralization titre against rotavirus, compared with 22% in the group given RRV with DTP and 20% in the group given RRV and IPV (P less than 0.05). Interference by live oral polio vaccination in the response to RRV seems unlikely. We observed no significant difference in rates of seroconversion of IgG antibodies to poliovirus type 1 among infants aged 18 and 21 weeks who received RRV and OPV (81%), RRV with delayed OPV (67%), or RRV and IPV (59%). Administration of RRV was safe and was not associated with adverse reactions in the 6 weeks old infants. The low rate of seroconversion to rotavirus suggests that a more antigen-rich vaccine or multiple doses of the same vaccine might produce a better immune response.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Interference between strains in live virus vaccines, I: Combined vaccination with measles, mumps and rubella vaccine.

One to four different lots of four commercially available trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccines were tested for their efficacy as measured by the induction of antibodies to the three vaccine viruses. All of the products were satisfactory although a 100% seroconversion rate was attained regularly only with rubella vaccine. The live virus in the different measles and mumps vaccine components and especially the relative amounts of measles to mumps virus varied widely. Obviously, the efficacy of a vaccine should not be judged only by the virus content. Of main importance is the further adjustment of the dosage of the interfering vaccine virus strains in relation to their attenuation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2006

An adolescent-adult formulation tetanus and diptheria toxoids adsorbed combined with acellular pertussis vaccine has comparable immunogenicity but less reactogenicity in children 4-6 years of age than a pediatric formulation acellular pertussis vaccine and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed combined with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine.

In Canada, the fifth dose of the routine childhood immunization schedule against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio is given at 4-6 years of age. Up to 30% of children may have significant local reactions (redness, swelling) and this may be related to pertussis and diphtheria antigen content. We sought to determine if a combination product with lower content of pertussis and diphtheria toxoids (dTap) would result in fewer local reactions and not have inferior immunogenicity to a combination vaccine with higher pertussis and diphtheria content (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio virus, DTaP-IPV). Healthy children aged 4-6 years with complete primary immunization series and a fourth dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids component pertussis inactivated polio and Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine were randomized to one dose of dTap, followed in 4-6 weeks by one dose of IPV or control DTaP-IPV. Immediate reactions within 30 min, solicited injection site and systemic reactions within 14 days, and unsolicited adverse events (AE) within 6 weeks post-vaccination were monitored. Serum was collected prior to immunization, and 4-6 weeks after vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antibodies (Ab). Sample size was designed to detect > or =10% difference in injection site erythema, pain or swelling between groups 593 children at eight Canadian sites completed the study; no participant withdrew because of an AE. All safety endpoints on days 0-14 were less frequent in children randomized to the dTap than DTaP-IPV group: erythema (34.6% versus 51.7%), swelling (24.2% versus 33.8%) and pain (39.6% versus 67.2%). Fever was also less common (8.72% versus 16.9%). All children in both study groups had seroprotective Ab levels to diphtheria and tetanus at 4-6 weeks (> or =0.10 IU/mL). The majority of children in each vaccine arm had a four-fold increase in pertussis antibodies. Fever and injection site reactions are less common in 4-6 year-old-children who receive a dTap vaccine compared to DTaP-IPV, without inferior immunogenicity.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Vaccination status and implementation of recommendations for vaccination with special reference to measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. 1995 program for school entrance].

Children who took part in the medical examination for elementary school starters and who could present a certificate of vaccination were given a written vaccination recommendation. On the first day of school the recommendation sheets filled out by the family doctor or a paediatrician were collected and analysed anonymously. 2194 of 2965 children received a vaccination recommendation. 1047 sheets could be interpreted. Based on the current recommendation of the STIKO (German official vaccination council) a MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccination was suggested in 1001 cases. Only 53.1% of the proposed vaccinations have been given, despite consultation with the family doctor or paediatrician.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Kinetics of humoral antibody response to trivalent inactivated split influenza vaccine in subjects previously vaccinated or vaccinated for the first time.

We studied differences in immune responses after first time immunization with a trivalent inactivated split influenza vaccine, or after vaccination in the preceding year, in 42 healthy volunteers (40 +/- 13 years). Sequential serum samples were collected over 40 weeks. Previously vaccinated volunteers exhibited 40-92% protective antibody levels in their prevaccination sera. Subjects vaccinated for the first time had higher response rates and meanfold antibody increases than those vaccinated previously. Both groups had protective antibody titres 59% 7 days after vaccination and 70% of vaccinees maintained protective antibody titres after 280 days. The results corroborate earlier findings on the rapid immune response and may have a bearing on future vaccination policy.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Antibody responses and resistance to challenge in volunteers vaccinated with live attenuated, detergent split and oil adjuvant A2-Hong Kong-68 (H 3 N 2 ) influenza vaccines. A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines.

Forty-nine subjects were vaccinated with either live attenuated, detergent split, or oil adjuvant A2/Hong Kong influenza vaccines, or a saline influenza B vaccine as control. Respiratory symptoms occurred more frequently in subjects who received the live vaccine but in total there was little difference between the symptoms in the four groups. Antibody titres in nasal washings and serum were measured by haemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition and virus neutralization tests. The oil adjuvant vaccine stimulated larger antibody responses than the other procedures. Six weeks after vaccination the volunteers were challenged with partially attenuated live A2/Hong Kong influenza virus administered intranasally. The live attenuated and oil adjuvant vaccines provided the best protection against challenge.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

[Results of preventive rabies vaccination with a concentrated vaccine of the PM/WI38-1503-3M rabies strain cultured on human diploid cells. Preparation of mixed antirabies-antitetanus hyperimmune immunoglobulin by plasmapheresis of blood taken from vaccinated veterinary students].

Many thousands of people in France and abroad have already benefited from preventive rabies vaccination by means of a vaccine obtained from culture on human diploid cells, perfected ten years ago by R. Lang, the Institut Mérieux and the Wistar Institute. In addition to being well tolerated, the serological efficacy of this vaccine is such that 100% of the vaccines observed had a seroconversion after only two injections at an interval of one month. However, a booster dose should be given 6 to 12 months after the first injection, and a further booster 3 to 5 years later or on request in case of known contamination. These boosters, combined with an anti-tetanus booster, induce such high antibody titers--between 10-100 and even 1000 I.U./ml--that it is easy to obtain substantial batches of combined anti-rabies and anti-tetanus immunoglobulin from a small number of volunteers. The complete efficacy of this new vaccine reduces the number of systematic post-vaccinal serologic controls and its innocuity is such that an extended preventive vaccination programme may be carried out, for instance in the case of children living in areas known to be dangerous.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Suspected vaccination complications or atypical vaccination course. Diagnostic assessment of 58 vaccine recipients].

The "list of recommended vaccinations" of the regional Ministries of Health is the legal basis for routine vaccination programmes in each region of Germany; the recommendations of the Federal Commission on Vaccinations, "STIKO", are not legally binding. These programmes of the different regions provide legal grounds for determining claims for damage against a vaccinating doctor. In cases of damage, the Ministry of Health is liable for the damage to a patient caused by a recommended vaccination. Irrespective of these clear and comprehensive legal provisions, in case of an atypical course the patient is entitled to careful diagnosis of the complaint and appropriate medical treatment. However, later claims by the patient for damage can only be decided correctly if the necessary diagnostic data have been carefully collected at the acute stage of the disease. In our 58 patients suffering from atypical vaccination courses or suspected complications, we were able to show in each case that the symptoms are the result of interference by infectious diseases or that there was some other clear diagnosis; in no case did we find that the vaccination had caused disease or permanent damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Interference between strains in live virus vaccines. II: Combined vaccination with varicella and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.

A combined vaccine against varicella and measles-mumps-rubella made by mixing two commercially available products (Varilrix and Pluserix SK-RIT) has proved to be only partially successful in early trials. Although the seroconversion rates with the MMR components were comparable with those usually achieved, the varicella take was depressed to 77%. A new low dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was prepared in which the measles virus content was reduced to 1/5 and the mumps virus content to 1/8. Commercial varicella vaccine was added to the low dose MMR vaccine. The seroconversion rates for measles was 98.2%, for mumps 100%, for rubella 99.4% and for varicella 98%. This product seemed to be well balanced in respect of a possible interference between the four different virus vaccine strains.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Protective effect of an ISCOM bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) vaccine against an experimental BVDV infection in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pregnant ewes.

Fifteen pregnant ewes were vaccinated twice with an experimental immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) subunit vaccine designed to contain the envelope proteins of a Danish cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The serological responses were measured in ELISA and virus neutralization (VN) tests. All ISCOM-vaccinated ewes developed high VN antibody titres to BVDV in contrast to the 14 non-vaccinated ewes. Both groups of ewes were challenged parenterally when 48-65 days pregnant with a Swedish cytopathic BVDV isolate. In the vaccinated group 26 fetuses out of 29 detected by ultrasound were liveborn, whereas only six out of 26 were liveborn in the non-vaccinated group. It is concluded that the ISCOM vaccine had the potential of eliciting high VN titres as well as protecting fetuses against transplacental infection after challenge with a virulent BVDV isolate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Antibody responses to vaccination with WRL 105 strain live influenza vaccine in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated volunteers.

Intranasal vaccination with a single 0.5 ml dose of 10(7.0) EID 50 WRL 105 strain live influenza vaccine elicited four-fold or greater increases in circulating homotypic haemagglutinating inhibiting (HAI) antibody in 60 (64.5%) of 93 volunteers, or in 58 (74.4%) of 78 volunteers with HAI antibody titres before vaccination of less than or equal to 1/20. In comparison, in a group of volunteers vaccinated 9 months previously re-vaccination elicited antibody responses in only 4 (6.9%) of 58 volunteers, or in 3 (14.3%) of 21 volunteers with antibody titres before vaccination of less than or equal to 1/20. Titres of vaccine-induced antibody and antibody resulting from earlier natural infection appeared to fall slowly and at equivalent rates over a 9 month period.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Vaccination of lambs against Taenia ovis infection using antigens collected during in vitro cultivation of larvae: passive protection via colostrum from vaccinated ewes and the duration of immunity from a single vaccination.

Fifty Merino-cross ewes were vaccinated approximately four weeks before parturition with antigens collected during in vitro cultivation of Taenia ovis larvae. A further 50 pregnant ewes were sham-vaccinated at the same time. When the first 20 lambs from each group of ewes were one to two weeks old they were placed, with the ewes, on an experimental paddock heavily contaminated with T ovis eggs. After six weeks the lambs were killed and their total carcase musculature and hearts examined for cysticerci. The results showed that the ewes vaccinated in late pregnancy had conferred a very high degree of transcolostral immunity upon their lambs against the T ovis challenge infection. Eighty T ovis-free Merino-cross weaner lambs, four months old, were divided into two groups of 40. One group was vaccinated with T ovis culture antigens and the other group was sham-vaccinated. At intervals of one, four, eight and 12 months after vaccination 10 lambs from each group were allowed to graze on the plot contaminated with T ovis eggs. After six weeks the lambs were killed and examined for cysticerci of T ovis. The results indicated that the single vaccination had stimulated a high level of immunity which persisted for at least 12 months.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Immunogenicity of one, two or three doses of a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid, given as a three-dose primary vaccination course in UK infants at 2, 3 and 4 months of age with acellular pertussis-containing DTP/Hib vaccine.

Reduction of the number of injections necessary to confer protection in the infant schedule would reduce discomfort, improve cost-effectiveness and create space for the addition of new vaccinations in the future. This study assessed the immunogenicity of one, two or three doses of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid (MCC-TT) [Neis-VacC] given concomitantly with a combined diphtheria/tetanus/acellular pertussis/Haemophilus influenzae type b -TT conjugate (DTaP-Hib-TT) [Infanrix-Hib] vaccine at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. A total of 106 healthy UK infants were enrolled and randomised into two groups, one in which blood was taken after the first and third dose and the other after the second and third dose. The meningococcal serogroup C serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) geometric mean titre (GMT) rose significantly from post-first dose (491, 95% CI 275, 877) to post-second dose (1052, 95% CI 774, 1433) (p=0.03), with no significant change after the third dose (1024, 95% CI 768, 1366). An SBA titre of >or=8 was achieved by 92% after the first dose and 100% after the second and third doses. The Hib IgG geometric mean concentration (GMC) rose significantly after each dose: post-first (0.14 microg/ml 95% CI 0.10, 0.18), post-second (0.54 microg/ml, 95% CI 0.33, 0.90), post-third (2.04 microg/ml, 95% CI 1.52, 2.74). The Hib GMC after the third dose was higher than reported previously when this DTaP/Hib was given either on its own or concomitantly with a MCC-CRM conjugate vaccine according to the UK 2, 3 and 4 month schedule. This suggests some enhancement of the response to a Hib-TT vaccine by concomitant administration of MCC-TT. These results suggest that a reduced number of doses of MCC-TT would be adequate in infancy if given concomitantly with an acellular pertussis-containing vaccine.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Immune response after vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine as compared to that after plasma-derived vaccine.

Thirty-one individuals (health care workers) were vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (10 microgram dose) and their immune response (anti-HBs) was compared to that of twenty-five health care workers after vaccination with plasma-derived vaccine (20 microgram dose). Although the seroconversion rate and the percentage of anti-HBs/a antibodies at month 7 were comparable, the geometric mean titre of anti-HBs at month 7 was considerably lower for the recombinant vaccine group (857.4 vs. 6736.5 IU/l). However, vaccinees from the two groups showing seroconversion at month 1 had comparable titres at month 7. Raising the dose of HBsAg in the recombinant vaccine may favourably influence the seroconversion rate at month 1 and thereby the immune response after three injections.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Antibody persistence after primary vaccination with a hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/HiB vaccine coadministered with a meningococcal C-CRM197 vaccine and response to a DTPa-IPV/HiB booster at 18 months of age.

Children 17-20 months of age (N = 344) received a diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis (DTPa)-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)/Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) booster after a 3-dose primary vaccination course with DTPa-hepatitis B vaccine-IPV/Hib plus conjugate meningococcal C vaccine-CRM. Seroprotection rates were >80% (diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, polio and polyribosylribitol phosphate) before and > or =96.6% (diphtheria, tetanus, polio and polyribosylribitol phosphate) after booster vaccination. The booster was well-tolerated (fever >39.5 degrees C after <2% of doses; large swelling reactions after 6.3% of doses).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗