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Specimens of known age, weight, and crown-rump length were used to characterize the distribution of the dental lamina and deciduous tooth development in the mandible of the domestic pig.
Trauma to deciduous anterior teeth, frequently occur in children, and the treatment is a big challenge for the pediatric dentistry. In these cases, besides the pain and discomfort provoked by the injury, both child and parents/persons responsible were eager to reconstruct the damage, as soon as possible. In modern operative restorative dentistry, no restorative material is able to substitute for the human dental enamel in quality, color and resistance. The aim of this paper is to relate the treatment of esthetic veneer (facet) of human dental enamel in a three-year-old child after trauma that caused concussion and accentuated color alteration. Clinical results showed an efficient esthetical resolution, revealing it to be a good alternative for treatment of traumatized anterior deciduous teeth.
Fetuses of known age, collected from 20 days' gestation to term, were used to characterize the chronology of deciduous tooth development within the right mandible of swine. Tooth development was first observed at 32 days' embryonic development, with the differentiation of the deciduous third molar. Bud stages for the remaining deciduous teeth differentiated within the period of 32 to 38 days of embryonic development. Although the initial histological appearance of these teeth covered a short period of time, it was apparent that each tooth continued to develop at its own rate. The deciduous second incisor and first molar reached a stage of enamel formation by the 80th and 86th day of fetal development. This is a much later stage than previously recorded for beginning enamel formation. The stages of tooth development and enamel formation for each tooth are summarized. A previous report on the distribution of the dental lamina and deciduous tooth development in the mandible of the domestic pig combined with the information presented in this report on tooth chronology provide much of the information required for future studies using the domestic pig in dental research. A fetus observed at the 74th day of development demonstrated a tooth bud for the deciduous first premolar. The development of this tooth was followed closely throughout the remainder of fetal development with the cap stage representing its most definitive form at 110 days' development. The suggested deciduous origin for this tooth could result in a reevaluation of the nomenclature for the dental formula of swine.
On the basis of 147 panoramic radiographs of 49 patients, this study investigated the influence of the premature loss of deciduous teeth on the formation of their permanent successors at the time of their eruption. Furthermore the study investigated the eruptive movement of the successor teeth at the time of eruption. In addition to detecting the accelerated emergence of still immature successor premolars, the study also determined that the extraction ot the deciduous molars before the age of eight years delayed the eruption of the permanent successors given the absence of an infected deciduous tooth with abscess formation. In relation to the eruptive movement of the permanent molars due to the premature loss of the second deciduous molar, the study ascertained a mesial movement of the first permanent molars and an accelerated eruption of the second permanent molars.
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The acid-resistance of the tooth surface is strengthened to form noncrystal lanthanum fluoride on its surface by the two-step treatment (F-La treatment) with acidulated-phosphate fluoride and lanthanum chloride solutions as previously reported by Fujiwara, Negishi, Miyagi et al. This study has been made to examine some clinical applications of the treatment. The acid-resistance effect and the actual condition of the F-La treatment were investigated on the extracted human deciduous dentin. Analysis was made using the electron probe X-ray microanalyzer before and after the acid solubility test. The results were as follows: 1) With F-La treatment, the acid-solubility of deciduous tooth dentin was reduced to about one-third of that without treatment, and to about two-third compared both with F-treatment and with diamine silver fluoride application. 2) Applications of 3 to 5 minutes with F and 3 minutes with 0.5 to 1.0% La sufficed for this F-La treatment. 3) An etching procedure was not necessary previous to the treatment in contrast with the application to the enamel. 4) Fluorine and lanthanum penetrated up to approximately 10 microns from the dentin surface with this treatment. Even after the acid-solubility test, a sufficient quantity of the stated chemicals remained, thus protecting the tooth substance. 5) The acid-solubility of the deciduous dentin was higher than that of the deciduous enamel. After the F-La treatment, however, the former diminished more markedly than the latter. Based on these experimental results, one can confirm the fact the chemical reactivity of the deciduous dentin is higher than that of the deciduous enamel.
The management of submerged deciduous teeth can present a dilemma for general practitioner and specialist alike. These teeth are often extracted to avoid potential problems. The recent literature, mainly publications in specialist journals of paediatric dentistry and orthodontics, suggests that a conservative approach is often preferable, particularly when the permanent successor is present. The purpose of this article is to review the aetiology, diagnosis and potential consequences of submerging deciduous molars; a second paper will discuss the treatment options available.
The deciduous teeth of 40 subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) and 42 noncleft controls were measured. The mesiodistal and faciolingual dimensions of several maxillary teeth in the vicinity of the cleft were smaller than their corresponding antimeres. No such differences were apparent in the mandibular arch. In the control sample there were no differences in either maxillary or mandibular arches. The CUCLP group generally demonstrated significantly smaller dimensions for both mesiodistal and faciolingual dimensions for both maxillary and mandibular arches when compared to the control group. These findings lend possible support to the hypothesis that tissue deficiency may be a factor in cleft lip and palate development.
The behaviour of eruption of lower premolars after pathological resorption of deciduous molar roots was examined on models and X-rays. The molars of the first dentition were shed earlier after pathological resorption of deciduous molar roots. Data of absence are measured in years in the presence of occlusal bone bridges. The middle values are more than three years. Eruption of permanent teeth happens years later or they remain impacted. Eruption dates of premolars after pathological deciduous root resorption and interruption of the lamina dura, and after physiological resorption are significantly earlier than if there is an occlusal bony bridge (p less than 0.01). The therapeutic consequence is the surgical liberation of such premolars and their removal.
Apoptosis in regressive primary (deciduous) dental primordia was examined in the embryos of Suncus murinus, which is a monophyodont. The primary tooth germs of S. murinus are temporarily formed and disappear during the embryonic period before they are calcified. Most primary tooth germs reach the bell stage and degenerate by embryonic day 22 (E22). Light microscopy on haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections revealed that intensely labelled granular substances are frequently present in the epithelial portion (enamel organs) of the deciduous tooth germs during the period from E18 to E20. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling method, computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstructions, and electron microscopy confirmed that these variable-sized granular substances are similar to apoptotic cells or bodies. Apoptotic structures were mainly found in the primary tooth germ located on the buccal surface of the secondary (successional) tooth germ. These results lead to the conclusion that apoptosis is closely associated with the involution and disappearance of the deciduous tooth germ in S. murinus. A primary tooth germ was observed on the buccal side of all the corresponding successional tooth germs, although the buccal surface of the secondary tooth germ of third upper molar teeth developed only to epithelial thickening without mesenchymal condensation. The findings, therefore, suggest that apoptosis is responsible for disappearance of the primary dental primordia during tooth development in S. murinus.
This article presents a case report of radicular cyst associated with an endodontically treated deciduous second molar causing displacement of the permanent successor, with accompanying buccal expansion. Cystic sac was removed surgically along with the involved tooth under general anesthesia. Healing was uneventful. Histopathologically the cystic sac was consistent with the features of radicular cyst. Unusual amorphous, eosinophilic, atubular material incorporated within the cystic epithelium was observed.
A 4-year-old boy was examined with a chief complaint of "Delayed eruption of maxillary right deciduous central incisor". Oral examination revealed a firm swelling on the labial gingiva at the right deciduous incisor of maxilla. Radiographic examination revealed that odontoma-like substances disturbed the eruption of the central deciduous maxillary incisor. The odontoma-like substances were removed surgically and examined histopathologically. The thin sections showed findings typical of a Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst with Odontoma.
The previous article in this series dealt with the aetiology, diagnosis and potential consequences of submerging deciduous teeth. This paper will discuss the appropriate treatment options. The management is highly dependent on whether the permanent successor is present or absent. The degree of submergence and the age of the patient are also important factors for consideration.
Traumata to primary teeth occur very often in small children. The highest prevalence of developmental disturbances of permanent teeth after trauma to their predecessors has been recorded after intrusive injuries of primary teeth. In the present survey 47% of the recalled children had such developmental disturbances. The majority of developmental disturbances consisted of enamel hypoplasia (59%) which included discoloration, defects or a combination of both. In some cases the clinical feature of enamel defects could be diagnosed radiographically before tooth eruption. However, the total number of all enamel discolorations was to be detected after complete tooth eruption only. The so-called pre-eruptive calciotraumatic lines on radiographs corresponded clinically to circular enamel defects or crown dilacerations. Generally, a high correlation was found between the degree of intrusion (of the primary tooth) and the frequency and severity of developmental disturbance (of the permanent tooth). No correlation was found, however, concerning the treatment of intruded primary teeth and the occurrence of developmental disturbances. Whether intruded primary teeth were removed immediately or left to spontaneous re-eruption did not affect the incidence and type of developmental disturbances.
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In this prospective clinical study, 29 class II restorations in deciduous teeth were placed in 17 patients using the recently developed compomer Dyract. The restorations were clinically and macrophotographically evaluated immediately after placement and after 6 months in situ. In addition, marginal adaptation and loss of substance were quantitated using replicas. Clinical and macrophotographical findings were excellent. Quantitative marginal analysis scored 92.5% "continuous margin" immediately after placement of the restorations and 95.4% after 6 months. Mean loss of substance at the margins of the restorations was 20.8 microns with a standard deviation of 64.6 microns. Providing that the positive results of this short term study are confirmed by long term data, Dyract may replace amalgam in deciduous teeth.
To understand the pulp change of root resorption of human deciduous teeth from a histological point of view, one hundred and twenty specimens were collected for study. The teeth (caries-free) were extracted for occlusal reason or because they exhibited various degrees of mobility and discomfort. The extent of root resorption was classified into five grades: Res. i, Res. 1/4, Res. 1/2, Res. 3/4 and Res. Co., according to Moorrees et al. and Haavikko. All teeth were fixed in 10% formalin (pH 7.2) immediately after extraction for 3-7 days. They were then decalcified for 14 days in 5% formic acid-sodium citrate, sectioned serially at 7 microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's stain, and silver impregnated stain. All sections were examined under a light microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. While the root was resorbed more than one half way, some normal pulp was replaced by the connective tissue as in inflammation. Internal resorption could be seen. 2. By the time deciduous root resorption was essential as complete, normal pulp tissue was no longer present. 3. Because the nerve degenerated during initial tooth resorption, there was no evidence that deciduous root resorption was under nervous control. 4. The present observation suggests that in addition to odontoclasts, several other cells such as fibroblast-like cells and macrophages, were actively involved in root resorption during the shedding of deciduous teeth.
Lead concentrations in the enamel of deciduous incisors of 49 6- to 7-year-old children living in Askola, a rural area in which the radon level is one of the highest in Finland, were determined by the proton-induced X-ray emission method. The absolute concentrations were obtained by calibration with the animal bone standard of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The mean lead concentration of 8.8 +/- 6.6 ppm of the whole enamel agreed well with the earlier corresponding lead data from other regions of Finland, indicating that no significant increase in the lead level of the teeth would have occurred because of radon decay. However, the lead concentration level measured on the tooth surface was somewhat higher in Askola, 232 +/- 141 ppm, than in the low-radon area Oulu (167 +/- 139 ppm; p less than 0.10). The lead concentration of the whole enamel of the upper incisors, 12.4 +/- 8.0 ppm, was twice as high as that of the lower incisors, 6.8 +/- 4.6 ppm (p less than 0.005), emphasizing the importance of classifying lead concentration data by tooth type.