Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tissue of origin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Incubation with neuraminidase and affinity electrophoresis with wheat-germ lectin compared for separating and quantifying alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma.

Of 98 patients' specimens examined for alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzymes by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane after incubation with neuraminidase, 50 showed only a single liver or bone isoenzyme staining band; in 15 of these, the tissue origin of the fraction could not be accurately identified from its electrophoretic location. In the remaining 48 specimens, both liver and bone fractions were identifiable, but in only 25 of these was the electrophoretic resolution sufficient to yield separate peaks on densitometry. In contrast, both liver and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes were identified in 95 of the 98 specimens by affinity electrophoresis involving wheat-germ lectin, the detection of both fractions being in agreement with the results of sequential heat inactivation. The tissue origin of the enzyme bands was readily ascertainable from their consistent electrophoretic location in this medium, and in 89 of the specimens the isoenzyme fractions could be resolved into separate peaks on densitometry. We conclude that resolution of liver and bone alkaline phosphatase by incubation with neuraminidase followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis is greatly inferior to that obtained by wheat-germ lectin affinity electrophoresis.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

The efficiency of N-linked glycosylation of bovine DNase I depends on the Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sequence and the tissue of origin.

Bovine DNase I contains two potential N-linked glycosylation sites with the sequences Asn(18)-Ala-Thr and Asn(106)-Asp-Ser. A previous report established that pancreatic DNase I has only one sugar chain at Asn(18) [Liao, Salnikow, Moore and Stein (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1489-1495]. We found, however, that bovine DNase I expressed in COS-1 cells was glycosylated about 70% at Asn(106) in addition to being completely glycosylated at Asn(18). Glycosylation of Asn(106) increased to 97% when Asp(107) was mutated to Glu or when Ser(108) was mutated to Thr. Mutation of Asp(107) to Trp had no effect, whereas a substitution with Pro at this position abolished glycosylation of Asn(106). Analysis of the state of glycosylation of DNase I purified from a variety of bovine tissues revealed that DNase I from spleen, submaxillary gland, lung and adrenal had two sugar chains, whereas enzyme from pancreas and kidney had only one sugar chain. These findings demonstrate a major difference in the ability of various tissues to utilize N-linked glycosylation signals that contain suboptimal residues in the second and third positions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the lymphocytes of sheep. III. Destination of lymph-borne immunoblasts in relation to their tissue of origin.

Lymph-borne immunoblasts were labeled in vitro with 125I[]iodo-deoxy-uridine, washed and returned by intravenous injection to the sheep from which they had been collected. Twenty h later the sheep were killed and the distribution of the immunoblasts was determined by assaying the radioactivity in various organs. Immunoblasts from the efferent lymph of peripheral somatic lymph nodes (PSLN) went mainly to the spleen, lungs and other PSLN, while immunoblasts from intestinal lymph went mainly to the small gut. This ability of intestinal immunoblasts to home to the gut was demonstrated also in the sterile environment of fetuses in utero; apparently the migratory behavior of immunoblasts, like that of small lymphocytes, is not primarily "antigen-driven". A technique was devised for the collection of peripheral (i.e. afferent to the mesenteric node) intestinal lymph which was found to contain 10-20 times the numbers of small lymphocytes that occur in the peripheral lymph from other tissues. Immunoblasts from peripheral intestinal lymph also homed to the gut. The immunoglobulin content of immunoblasts was studied by making detergent extracts of lymph cells, by applying immuno-peroxidase techniques to cell films and by investigating the incorporation of 14C-labeled amino acids into immunoglobulins by immunoblasts in vitro. Immunoblasts from both somatic and intestinal lymph contained and made IgG and IgM, but many intestinal immunoblasts contained and made IgA. It is not known whether this immunoglobulin mediates the extravasation of immunoblasts into the gut. Nonetheless, there is compelling evidence that there are two major migratory pathways for lymphoid cells; one through the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the other through the somatic-splenic lymphoid tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Variability of histologic pattern in recurrent soft tissue sarcomas originally diagnosed as liposarcoma.

The histopathologic classification of liposarcoma and its clinicopathologic significance are well delineated in previous studies, but the literature is inexplicably mute on recurrent liposarcomas. Supposition and experience may have led to the assumption that the microscopic features remained static over a period of years and multiple recurrences. Thirteen sarcomas originally classified as liposarcoma were reviewed to assess patterns of histologic change with recurrence. A total of 52 recurrences was studied. In 7 of the 13 cases, multiple morphologic sarcomatous patterns were identified, either as a change with recurrence or as multiple discrete patterns within a tumor. All changes except in one case occurred before irradiation or chemotherapy. The variations included patterns such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, hemangiopericytoma, malignant schwannoma, and unclassified spindle-cell sarcoma as well as the various liposarcoma subtypes. This variability of patterns can cause significant diagnostic difficulties and can cause one to question the validity of using monomorphic diagnoses in all cases. In addition, the polymorphic differentiation of these tumors supports the concept that soft tissue sarcomas are derived from a pluripotential mesenchymal stem cell.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Agreement between diagnoses reached by clinical examination and available reference standards: a prospective study of 216 patients with lumbopelvic pain.

BACKGROUND: The tissue origin of low back pain (LBP) or referred lower extremity symptoms (LES) may be identified in about 70% of cases using advanced imaging, discography and facet or sacroiliac joint blocks. These techniques are invasive and availability varies. A clinical examination is non-invasive and widely available but its validity is questioned. Diagnostic studies usually examine single tests in relation to single reference standards, yet in clinical practice, clinicians use multiple tests and select from a range of possible diagnoses. There is a need for studies that evaluate the diagnostic performance of clinical diagnoses against available reference standards. METHODS: We compared blinded clinical diagnoses with diagnoses based on available reference standards for known causes of LBP or LES such as discography, facet, sacroiliac or hip joint blocks, epidurals injections, advanced imaging studies or any combination of these tests. A prospective, blinded validity design was employed. Physiotherapists examined consecutive patients with chronic lumbopelvic pain and/or referred LES scheduled to receive the reference standard examinations. When diagnoses were in complete agreement regardless of complexity, "exact" agreement was recorded. When the clinical diagnosis was included within the reference standard diagnoses, "clinical agreement" was recorded. The proportional chance criterion (PCC) statistic was used to estimate agreement on multiple diagnostic possibilities because it accounts for the prevalence of individual categories in the sample. The kappa statistic was used to estimate agreement on six pathoanatomic diagnoses. RESULTS: In a sample of chronic LBP patients (n = 216) with high levels of disability and distress, 67% received a patho-anatomic diagnosis based on available reference standards, and 10% had more than one tissue origin of pain identified. For 27 diagnostic categories and combinations, chance clinical agreement (PCC) was estimated at 13%. "Exact" agreement between clinical and reference standard diagnoses was 32% and "clinical agreement" 51%. For six pathoanatomic categories (disc, facet joint, sacroiliac joint, hip joint, nerve root and spinal stenosis), PCC was 33% with actual agreement 56%. There was no overlap of 95% confidence intervals on any comparison. Diagnostic agreement on the six most common patho-anatomic categories produced a kappa of 0.31. CONCLUSION: Clinical diagnoses agree with reference standards diagnoses more often than chance. Using available reference standards, most patients can have a tissue source of pain identified.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Biological activity of conjugates of muramyl dipeptides with batracylin derivatives.

Antitumour activity of batracylin (BAT), muramyldipeptide (MDP) and four immunomodulatory conjugates of BAT with MDP were evaluated in the study. The activity was assessed using viability tests performed in the cultures of tumour cell lines of different tissue origin such as WEHI 164 (fibrosarcoma), K562 (leukaemia), and Ab (melanoma), populations of immune cells isolated from peripheral blood, and the tumour cells mixed with immune cells. An intensity of cell death caused by the analogues was measured using flow cytometry analysis as subG1 peak and the distinction between necrotic and apoptotic DNA cleavage during cell death was performed using DNA fragmentation assay. The compounds 11c, 11e and 11h managed to kill WEHI 164 cells in the presence of immune cells in apoptotic manner while BAT and conjugate 11a caused necrosis at the same time. Necrotic pattern of DNA cleavage was also noted in all cultures containing K562 and Ab cells. BAT and MDP caused necrosis in the cultures of pure immune cells, while the conjugates did not affect these cultures at all. Surprisingly, some analogues increased viability of K562 and Ab cells. Low toxicity and ability to induce apoptosis suggested usefulness of some analogues, mainly 11c, as antitumour drugs in limited range of tumours of certain tissue origin, such as WEHI 164.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed2003

Radioimmunoscintigraphy of human met-expressing tumor xenografts using met3, a new monoclonal antibody.

PURPOSE: Inappropriate expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand is associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical prognosis for a wide variety of solid human tumors. We are developing imaging and therapeutic agents that target this receptor-ligand complex. In this study, we evaluated the ability of radioiodinated anti-Met monoclonal antibodies from a single hybridoma clone to image human Met-expressing tumor xenografts. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Xenografts of four different tissue origins were raised s.c. in host athymic nude mice. Animals received i.v. injections of I-125-Met3, posterior total body gamma camera images were acquired for several days after injection, and quantitative region-of-interest activity analysis was performed. RESULTS: The autocrine Met-expressing tumors S-114 and SK-LMS-1/HGF and the paracrine Met-expressing human prostate carcinoma PC-3 were satisfactorily imaged with I-125-Met3. By region-of-interest analysis, mean initial tumor-associated activities in S-114, SK-LMS-1/HGF, and PC-3 were 18.6 +/- 2.1, 7.2 +/- 2.2, and 5.4 +/- 2.6% estimated injected activity, and the mean ratios of tumor:total body activity at 3 days after injection were 0.32 +/- 0.13, 0.15 +/- 0.06, and 0.10 +/- 0.04, respectively. Human melanoma xenografts, however, accounted for < or =3% of injected or total body activity. We observed a direct rank order correlation between relative levels of Met3-derived radioactivity in xenografts and relative quantities of Met expressed by the respective cultured tumor cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that I-125-Met3 is effective for imaging human Met-expressing xenografts of different tissue origins, and we infer that I-125-Met3 distinguishes human tumor xenografts according to their levels of Met expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Quantitation and characterization of gamma-interferon receptors on human tumor cells.

The vast majority (71 of 77) of human tumor cells derived from various tissue origins were found to express specific membrane receptors for gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). Six receptor-negative tumors were found among leukemic cells of lymphoid origin. Scatchard analysis with 125I-labeled human recombinant IFN-gamma revealed a similar binding affinity with a mean dissociation constant (Kd) of around 2 X 10(-11) M not only for various established cell lines, but also for leukemic and carcinoma cells derived from biopsy material. In contrast to similar KdS, large differences in the number of expressed IFN-gamma membrane receptors were found on distinct tumor cells of the same cell type ranging from a few hundred up to 2 X 10(4) for both carcinoma cells and leukemic cells. For comparison, the IFN-gamma receptor number on normal lymphocytes (mean, approximately 300/cell) and normal bone marrow cells (mean, approximately 1000/cell) was consistently found to be low. Cross-linking of membrane-bound 125I-IFN-gamma with disuccinimidyl suberate and subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed, in both leukemia and carcinoma cells, three distinct complexes with molecular weights of approximately 70,000, 92,000, and 160,000, suggesting the existence of IFN-gamma receptor subunits. A dimeric structure of the functional IFN-gamma receptor with an estimated molecular weight of about 128,000 +/- 10,000 is proposed. Together with the Scatchard analysis, these data suggest the existence of a single class of high affinity IFN-gamma receptors in tumor cells of distinct tissue origin.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1998

The limited difference between keratin patterns of squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas is explicable by both cell lineage and state of differentiation of tumour cells.

AIM: To study the differentiation of epithelial tissues within their histological context, and to identify hypothetically, on the basis of keratin pattern, the putative tissue origin of a (metastatic) carcinoma. METHODS: Using well characterised monoclonal antibodies against individual keratins 7, 8, 18, and 19, which are predominantly found in columnar epithelia, and keratins 4, 10, 13, and 14, predominantly expressed in (non)-keratinising squamous epithelia, the keratin patterns for a series of 45 squamous cell carcinomas and 44 adenocarcinomas originating from various epithelial tissues were characterised. RESULTS: The predominant keratins in all adenocarcinomas proved to be 8, 18, and 19. In addition, these keratins were also abundantly present in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, cervix, and rectum and, to a lesser extent, of the larynx, oesophagus, and tongue, but not in those of the vulva and skin. Keratins 4, 10, 13, and 14 were present in almost all squamous cell carcinomas, but also focally in some of the adenocarcinomas studied. CONCLUSIONS: There is a limited differential expression of distinctive keratin filaments between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Apparently, squamous cell carcinomas that originate from columnar epithelium by squamous metaplasia gain the keratins of squamous cells but retain the keratins of columnar epithelial cells. However, the simultaneous expression of two of three squamous keratins (4, 10, and 13) identifies a squamous cell carcinoma, and thus might be useful in solving differential diagnostic problems.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Iso-renin of extrarenal origin. "The tissue angiotensinogenase systems".

Enzymes, similar to kidney renin, are present in extrarenal tissue of most mammals; they hydrolyze angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I. We suggest that these enzymes be called angiotensinogenases. Angiotensinogenase concentrations in extrarenal tissue can exceed those in the kidney. The enzyme has been obtained in pure crystalline form. Angiotensinogenases are part of a complex enzyme system which leads to local production of angiotensin. Results indicating a biologic role of the angiotensinogenase system in brain, adrenal gland, uterus and tissue culture are discussed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1997

Experimental study of epithelialization of the muscle-only flap in the oral cavity.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to observe the epithelialization process of the muscle-only flap used for reconstruction of the oral mucosal defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three male adult Japanese rabbits were used. A superiorly based cleidomastoid muscle flap was designed after vascular assessment. The flap was transferred into the oral cavity to cover a mucoperiosteal defect made in the mandibular alveolus. Epithelialization of the flap was histologically evaluated at designated intervals. RESULTS: The flaps survived without ischemic necrosis. By 8 days postoperation, the flap was infiltrated by acute inflammatory cells and being replaced by granulation tissue originating from the adjacent tissues. The oral epithelial cells advanced onto this granulating muscle flap, with eventual coverage by 21 days. The granulation tissue matured to fibrous tissue with significant contraction by 2 months. At 6 months postoperation, abnormally hyperkeratinized epithelium was seen on the flap. This differed from the surrounding parakeratinized oral epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: The muscle-only flap in the oral cavity epithelializes after the granulation process.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

The impact of emission power on the destruction of echo contrast agents and on the origin of tissue harmonic signals using power pulse-inversion imaging.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of emission power on ultrasound (US)-induced destruction of echocontrast microbubbles during real-time power pulse inversion imaging (PPI) in myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and to evaluate the magnitude of noncontrast PPI signals arising from myocardial tissue at variable emission power to define the cut-off emission power for optimal MCE using low power technologies. In vitro studies were performed in a flow phantom using Optison, Definity and AFO 150. PPI signal intensity during real-time imaging at 27 Hz was compared with intermittent imaging at 0.1 Hz to evaluate bubble destruction at variable emission power (MI: 0.09 to 1.3). In healthy volunteers, PPI signal intensities during constant infusion of Optison(R) was studied in real-time PPI 22 HZ and during intermittent imaging triggered end-systolic frames every, every 3rd and every 5th cardiac cycle. In addition, the impact of emission power on nonlinear PPI signals from myocardial structures was studied. In vitro, there was a 40% decrease of real-time PPI signal intensity for Optison and AFO 150 at lowest emission power (0.09), whereas no signal loss was observed for Definity. Increase of emission power resulted in a faster decay for Optison(R) and AFO 150 as compared to Definity. In vivo, real-time PPI during continuous infusion of Optison(R) resulted in a 40% decrease of myocardial signal intensity as compared to intermittent imaging every 5th cardiac cycle, even at lowest possible emission power (mechanical index = 0.09). There was a strong positive relationship between MI and noncontrast myocardial PPI signals in all myocardial segments. PPI signal intensity was found to be lower than 1 dB only for extremely low emission power (MI < 0.2). Destruction of microbubbles during real-time imaging by use of PPI at low emission power varies considerably for different echo contrast agents. However, bubble destruction and the onset of tissue harmonic signals focus the use of real-time perfusion imaging to very low emission power.

Adult↗