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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Functional ultrastructure of the thyroid gland in rats].

Thyroid gland from normal and hormonally influenced rats (by application of exogenous Triiodothyronine and Thyroid stimulating Hormone), were investigated by means of classical electron microscopy. Dense granules, micropinocytotic and macropinocytotic structures were observed similarly as was already published. Triiodothyronine and Thyroglobulin were localized by affinity cytochemistry on ultrathin cryosections from normal rat thyroid gland. These method showed, that particular endocytotic and exocytotic structures can't be distinguish only by simple morphology and that functional status of these structures can be evaluated only by detection of contained molecules. Triioodthyronine was observed by affinity cytochemistry in multivesicular bodies and in lateral intercellular spaces. That findings indicate, that Triiodothyronine is internalized (transcytosed) by Receptor-mediated endocytosis. Affinity cytochemistry is useful for study of triiodothyronine and thyroglobulin movement in the thyroid gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnosis of solitary thyroid gland nodules].

Solitary thyroid gland nodes have presented an entity in thyroid surgery and endocrinology for a long period of years mostly due to frequent occurrence of malignomas and other changes of thyroid gland as well as to insufficient and uncertain clinical diagnostics. The only certain diagnostics is still the intraoperative exploration and ex tempore biopsy of the change, which means that surgery presents both a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. At the Clinical-Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Milosevic" in Belgrade, Department of Surgery, 100 patients with preoperatively diagnosed solitary thyroid gland nodes underwent surgery during a 4 year period. In all patients a uniform clinical diagnostics was performed, and then, on the basis of intraoperative findings and ex tempore biopsy, gathered results were compared and reliability of certain preoperative diagnostic procedures was considered in regard to intraoperative findings. The aim of this study was to point to necessity of application of all relevant indexes in diagnostics with a special review on the intraoperative finding as the most relevant in making the decision about the range of surgery and further postoperative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Primary non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma of the thyroid gland complicating Hashimoto's thyroiditis: case report.

This case report presents an extremely rare case of primary non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma of the thyroid gland complicating Hashimoto's thyroiditis and discusses the clinical history, findings, treatment, and prognosis. Although the place of surgery in the treatment of thyroid lymphoma is controversial, in this case, surgery followed by three rounds of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, and radiation therapy to neck and mediastinum were a very effective treatment for the disease so that no relapse has been detected during 3-year follow-up.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Anatomical and molecular reinvestigation of lamprey endostyle development provides new insight into thyroid gland evolution.

The thyroid gland of vertebrates is considered to be homologous to the endostyle of non-vertebrate chordates (cephalochordates, urochordates), a key character for understanding the origin and evolution of the chordate body plan. In lampreys, the larval endostyle transforms into an adult thyroid gland during metamorphosis, reflecting evolutionary changes that occurred in the vertebrate lineage. Focussing on thyroid-like cells in the endostyle, we here relate morphologically visible steps of lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) endostyle differentiation to embryonic stages and determine the onset of thyroid-like function. Analysing lamprey endostyle development using semi-thin histological sections, immunohistochemical detection of thyroid hormone, and the molecular marker thyroid transcription factor1 (Ttf1) refines our current view of the homology between endostyle and thyroid gland. In contrast to earlier literature, we find that a duct always persists to connect the endostyle lumen to the pharynx, a structure that resembles the thyroglossal duct in thyroid development and could further support the homology between endostyle and thyroid. Before the onset of thyroid-like function, Ttf1 expression becomes restricted to the ventral part of the endostyle, on the one hand showing that dorsal thyroid-like cells produce thyroid hormone in the absence of Ttf1, and on the other suggesting that Ttf1 was initially involved in specifying ventral fates in the endostyle.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Testosterone and estradiol up-regulate androgen and estrogen receptors in immature and adult rat thyroid glands in vivo.

Thyroid gland is one of the non-classical target organs for sex steroids. Presence of androgen and estrogen receptors in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid glands of mammalian species is well documented. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the changes in serum and thyroidal sex steroids, and their receptors in the thyroid gland of rats from immature to adult age under gonadectomized (GDX) and sex steroids replaced conditions. Normal Wistar male and female rats from immature to adult age (day 21, 30, 45, 60 and 160 post-partum (pp)) were used in the present study. One group (I) of rats was GDX at an early age (day 10 pp) and the other group (II) at the adult age (day 120 pp). Group I rats were sacrificed at different experimental periods such as 21, 30, 45 and 60 days pp, and group II rats were sacrificed at day 160 pp. Another group of GDX rats from group I and II were replaced with physiological doses of testosterone or estradiol. Serum and thyroidal concentrations of sex steroids were estimated by RIA method and the concentrations of receptors by radioreceptor assay. Gonadectomy significantly decreased serum and thyroidal testosterone and estradiol and concentrations of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in the thyroid. Replacement of sex steroids to GDX rats restored the normal level of sex steroids, AR and ER. Therefore, it is suggested from the present study that (i). sex steroids up-regulate their own receptors in the thyroid, (ii). sex steroids may influence thyroid growth and the proliferation of thyrocytes by modulating their receptor concentrations in the thyroid.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The thyroid gland scintigram. A decision aid for the surgical approach in thyroid gland diseases?].

For the operative proceeding thyroid scintiscan seems widely dispensable in many routine cases as it leads neither to a different operative strategy nor to an improvement of surgical results. In a few selected cases, however, operative proceeding is determined by scintigraphic results. Thus the question of the importance of scintigraphic methods for thyroid diagnostics and therapy as well as for the selection of patients for surgery cannot be answered and must be subject of a separate examination.

Graves Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical treatment of rare anatomic variations and anomalies of the thyroid gland].

Choristoma and thyroid gland malpositions are embryonal disorders. The aim of this article is ten years analysis of their diagnostic and operative treatment. In 1425 thyroidectomies we have found: one lingual, intratracheal, intracardial thyroid and ovarial struma; six separated intrathoracic goitre and 10 mostly intrathoracaly (80%) situated goitre; 1.4% out of all. Correct preoperative diagnosis we have in lingual thyroid, two intrathoracal thyroid and in all mostly intrathoracal thyroids, and in others after histopathological examination. Operative approach was: collar incision with medial sternotomy in nine, collar incision with lateral thoracotomy in three, right thoracotomy in two, and only collar incision in one. There were two operative complications, one recurrent nerve lesion and one mediastinal haematoma. There was no hypocalcaemia and mortality. Thyroid gland anomalies are very rare and associated with lot of problems in diagnostic and treatment. In specialised institutions frequency of operative complications is the same like in routine thyroid gland surgery.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1992

Sialoadenectomy increases the concentration of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor in the mouse thyroid gland.

The mouse thyroid gland contains significant concentrations of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF). To determine whether thyroidal EGF represents material obtained from the SMG via the circulation, we have compared EGF concentrations in sialoadenectomized (Sx) and sham-operated (Sh) BALB/c mice 30 days after surgical removal of the SMG. We found that the thyroids of Sx male and female mice had a significant increase in EGF concentration. The mean thyroidal EGF concentration (ng/mg wet weight) was 3.67 +/- 0.58 for Sx males, 1.53 +/- 0.47 for Sh males (p less than 0.02), 3.03 +/- 0.64 for Sx females, and 1.08 +/- 0.54 for Sh females (p less than 0.001), respectively. Thus EGF found in the mouse thyroid gland does not appear to arise from the SMG, and the thyroid appears to be an independent source of EGF synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lingual thyroid gland: sonographic appearance.

Thyroid dysgenesis is often manifested by a lingual or sublingual location of the thyroid gland. If radionuclide studies are not readily available or are contraindicated, ultrasound (US) may be used to locate the gland. The US appearance of a lingual thyroid gland and the role of US in the evaluation of suspected thyroid dysgenesis are described.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Histochemical and biochemical study on adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity in thyroid glands with normal and various thyroid diseases.

The adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity was measured biochemically in the thyroid glands from patients with various thyroid diseases in comparison with normal thyroid. The basal adenylate cyclase activity in normal thyroid was 159.3 p-moles cAMP/min./g tissue. The activity was elevated to 230% of basal with 20 mM NaF and 190% of basal with 100 mU/ml TSH. These values in chronic thyroiditis and Graves' disease were not significantly different from the values of normal thyroid. In adenomatous goiter, adenoma and carcinoma, the basal adenylate cyclase activity was significantly higher than that of normal thyroid. Parallel to the biochemical determination of both enzyme activities, the distribution of histochemically demonstrable adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity was described in the follicular cells with normal and various thyroid diseases. The reaction product of adenylate cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activity was restricted to the plasma membrane of the follicular cells. However, the distribution and intensity of the adenylate cyclase reaction varied in each thyroid disease, except for the absence of reaction product in the basal plasma membrane. The lack of demonstrable adenylate cyclase activity in the basal plasma membrane suggests the possibility that the basal plasma membrane may not play an important role of TSH-reception.

5'-Nucleotidase↗