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PubMed1998

[Prognostic differences in primary malignancies of the small intestine].

Malignant small bowel tumours are rare, with about 320 deaths every year due to metastases. Tumours of differing histologic entitites (adenocarcinomas, leimyosarcomas, non-Hodgkin, lymphomas, carcinoids) are detected at late stages of the disease because of non-specific symptoms. Valuable diagnostic means are small bowel enema, intestinoscopy and abdominal CT/ultrasound. Five-year survival rates are poor for carcinomas (21%), for sarcomas (37%), lymphomas (44%) and best for carcinoids (100%). Surgical options are poor for carcinomas with a high number of R2 resections and bypass operations. Multivisceral surgery is beneficial for sarcomas and lymphomas, followed by local radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ten years of fast neutron therapy in Münster.

The indication for neutron therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors is often uncertain. We therefore would like to present our experience of neutron therapy for different tumors in different localizations and discuss the indications for radiotherapy with neutrons. In Münster, 269 patients were treated with neutrons between 1985 and 1995, via a deuterium-tritium generator with an energy of 14 MeV. The tumors, treated mainly with neutrons, were 64 adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands, 42 soft tissue sarcomas, 37 rectal cancer recurrences and 20 recurrences in the head and neck region. Furthermore, patients with non adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands as well as ten other tumor sites also received this treatment, mainly with palliative intent. The 64 patients with adenoid cystic salivary gland tumors had either an unresectable primary tumor, an unresectable recurrence or residual tumor (R1, R2) after surgery. These patients showed complete remission in 78% and partial remission in 22%. The 2-year survival rate was 76%. Forty-two patients with soft tissue sarcomas after resection (R1, R2) and different gradings had an overall survival rate after 5 years of 53%. The 37 patients with rectal cancer recurrence experienced rapid pain relief in nearly 90% of cases. In agreement with the results in the literature, there seems to be an indication for neutron therapy in cases of unresectable primaries, unresectable recurrences or residual tumor after surgery in adenoid cystic carcinomas. Results regarding soft tissue sarcoma treatment with neutrons seem to show superiority in comparison with photon therapy. The treatment with neutrons of rectal recurrences has a very good palliative effect. The radiotherapy treatment with neutrons in all the other tumors did not demonstrate any proven superiority in comparison with photon radiation.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1975

New potential cytotoxic and antitumor substances I. In vitro effect of bikaverin and its derivatives on cells of certain tumors.

Bikaverin and its derivatives have been found to affect precursor utilization of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the cells of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Mainly the uridine incorporation into EAC cells was inhibited. This is in agreement with the known concept that anthraquinones, to which bikaverin may also be assigned, intervene into RNA synthesis. The substances followed exerted a cytotoxic effect on in vitro proliferating cells of the three studied tumors. The ED50 values found for cells of these tumors were: EAC 0.5 mug/ml; leukemia L 5178 1.4 mug/ml; sarcoma 37 4.2 mug/ml.

Adenine↗
PubMed1978

Effect of proteinase inhibitor in experimental tumors.

Aprotinin, a wide range proteinase inhibitor, was given alone to tumor-bearing mice and life span and several tumor growth parameters were recordered. Aprotinin showed anti-tumor effects in Hepatoma 22 and Lewis lung carcinoma, remaining ineffective in Sarcoma 37, Leukemia L1210 and Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

High-dose ifosfamide in bone and soft tissue sarcomas: results of phase II and pilot studies--dose-response and schedule dependence.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of high-dose ifosfamide (HDI) at a total dose of 14 g/m2 per cycle with mesna in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in adult patients with sarcomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1991 and February 1994, 74 patients with sarcomas (37 bone and 37 soft tissue) were treated on two simultaneous phase II studies that evaluated HDI given as a continuous infusion over 74 hours. G-CSF was started on day 5 at 5 microg/kg/d until recovery of granulocyte count. Additionally, between March 1993 and March 1994, 15 similar patients with previously treated bone or soft tissue sarcomas were treated on a pilot study in which the same total dose of ifosfamide was administered by a bolus schedule, along with mesna and G-CSF. Patients were treated until maximal response, and where possible, surgical resection of gross disease was performed. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients from the phase II study using continuous infusion are assessable for response. Four complete responses (CRs) and 17 partial responses (PRs) were noted, for an overall response rate of 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19% to 39%). The response rate was 40% (95% CI, 24% to 56%) for bone sarcomas and 19% (95% CI, 6% to 32%) for soft tissue sarcomas. Fourteen patients from the pilot study that used a bolus schedule are assessable for response. One CR and seven PRs were noted, for an overall response rate of 57% (95% CI, 31% to 83%) and a response rate of 45% for soft tissue sarcomas. Two patients developed grade 3 to 4 renal toxicity, three developed grade 3 CNS toxicity, one had possible grade 3 cardiac toxicity, and two developed severe painful peripheral neuropathy. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION: HDI at 14 g/m2 with mesna and G-CSF is an active salvage regimen for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. There is a definite positive dose-response curve, and bolus administration appears to be more active than continuous infusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of migration of tumor cells in vitro by lymphokine-containing supernatants.

Lymphokine-containing supernatants derived from seven different human lymphoid cell lines and lymphokine-containing supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated murine lymphocytes were found to be capable of reversibly inhibiting the migration of tumor cells in vitro. The tumor cell lines used in these studies were the P815 mastocytoma, Ehrlich ascites, Walker carcinosarcoma, Hepatoma 129, and Sarcoma 37. Preliminary physiochemical evidence suggests that the mediator, here termed TMIF, is distinct from MIF. In any case, these results suggest the possibility that lymphokines other than lymphotoxin or macrophage-activating factors may play a role in tumor immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Studies on cell deformability. II. Effects of some proteolytic enzymes.

Murine sarcoma 37 ascites cells were treated with the proteolytic enzymes, trypsin and chymotrypsin, after which cellular deformability and electrophoretic mobility were measured. It was shown that incubation with trypsin increased the ease with which the cells could be deformed without changing electrophoretic mobility, and that diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-trypsin was inactive, a fact which suggests that trypsin-sensitive peptide linkages help to maintain the "tension" at the cell periphery. On the other hand, chymotrypsin reduced cellular electrophoretic mobility without appreciably altering deformability. This suggests that, although chymotrypsin-sensitive bonds do not contribute to "tension," they are in some way associated with charged groups at the cell periphery.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Vasculogenic mimicry is associated with poor survival in patients with mesothelial sarcomas and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas.

Increased vasculogenesis must occur for tumors to develop and be maintained. Normally, vascular networks are composed of tube structures lined with endothelial cells. However, the vascular networks that form around some highly aggressive cancers possess a distinct tubular structure, resulting from a process called vasculogenic mimicry (VM) that does not have endothelial cells. In these tubes, the tumor cells function as endothelial cells. VM has been found in several different types of cancers such as melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. We hypothesized that it also plays a role in the development and metastasis of sarcomas, which are typically aggressive tumors. We used immunohistochemical analyses and electron microscopy to identify VM channels in 81 synovial sarcomas (SSs), 37 mesothelial sarcomas (MSs), 69 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARs), and 190 melanomas, which were used as a comparison group. The presence of red blood cells in the vessels was also used as a criterion for VM. Because VM is generally believed to be associated with aggressive cancers, we tested whether the presence of VM channel correlated with patient survival. We detected VM channels in 11 of 81 SSs (13.6%), 10 of 37 MSs (27.0%), 13 of 69 ARs (18.8%), and 10 of 190 melanomas (5.3%). The VM channels were not distributed uniformly in the tumor tissues but appeared in patches. In addition, VM channels were most frequently observed in the boundary regions between the tumor and adjacent normal tissues. The tumor cells around the VM tubes frequently stained positive for collagen IV and CD31 and were also PAS-positive. In contrast, tumors that lack VM channels generally also lack these markers. Our studies of the correlation of VM with patient survival also showed that VM correlated with shorter survival in patients with MS (P=0.03), AR (P=0.03), and melanoma (P=0.04), but not with SS (P=0.76). Our studies demonstrated that VM channels are a clinically important phenotype in sarcomas and melanomas. Our findings also suggested that a subpopulation of tumor cells possess features of both endothelial cells that line the vessels and mesenchymal cells that secrete the extracellular matrix required for the vascular infrastructure.

Endothelial Cells↗
PubMed1978

[Antitumor action of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and the effectiveness of a combination with sarcolysine].

Therapeutic properties of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) were studied on 12 strains of transplantable tumors and leukemias in mice. The compound is characterized by a wide spectrum of antitumor action. The greatest effect was gained in adenocarcinoma of the lage intestine (strain AKATOL), proventricular cancer (strain PRG) and adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland (strain Ca-755). The terms of survival in mice with leukemia (strain La and L-1210) and ascites hepatoma 22 are increased considerably. In some L-1210 animals the complete cure was noted. Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) may be effectively combined with sarcolysin. Much greater antitumor effect was obtained on 3 tumor strains (AKATOL, Ca-755 and sarcoma 37) with the combined therapy than with each drug used separately. The histological study of Ca-755 during chemotherapy indicated that immunocompetent cells of the organism play an important role in the mechanism of antitumor action of the platinum complex. This is manifested in the development of intensive lymphohistiocytic reaction around and inside the tumor. A damage to the convoluted tubules of the kidney and intestinal villi is one of the main adverse side-effects of the combination.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Elevation of the efficacy of antitumor vaccine prepared on the base of lectines from B. subtilis B-7025 upon its combined application with probiotics in vivo.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the work was to evaluate in vivo the possible enhancement of efficacy of antitumor vaccine prepared on the base of cytotoxic lectine from B. subtilis B-7025 by its combination with probiotic mixture of Enterococcus faecium K-50 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 14K or their metabolic products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on the models of solid sarcoma 37 (S37) and metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). Efficacy of treatment was evaluated by parameters of tumor growth, median survival time of experimental animals and volume of metastases. RESULTS: We have shown that combined application of antitumor vaccine with pro-and/or prebiotic resulted in synergistic effect in the therapy S37-bearing mice, whilst in 3LL-bearing animals application of vaccine along with prebiotic inhibited metastasis by 2-2.5-fold compared to animals treated by vaccine only. CONCLUSION: Application of pre- and probiotics (E. faecium K-50 and S. cerevisiae) markedly elevates efficacy of antitumor vaccine in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Antitumor activity of doxorubicin in the treatment of hemocytoblastosis La and various ascites tumors in mice].

Antitumor activity of doxorubicin made in the USSR was studied on mice in respect to three transplantable tumors (lymphadenosis NK/LI, sarcoma 37 and Ehrlich's carcinoma) and hemocytoblastosis La. Doxorubicin injected intravenously 4 times was shown to be highly active against the above ascites tumors. The highest inhibitory effect of doxorubicin was observed in respect to the development of Ehrlich's carcinoma. By the selectivity of the therapeutic effect on this tumor it was superior to rubomycin and carminomycin. A high antileukemic activity of doxorubicin in respect to hemocytoblastosis La was shown. In experiments with this leukemia, intravenous injection of doxorubicin provided a higher efficacy than intraperitoneal injection. When used intravenously in the doses equivalent by their toxicity doxorubicin was inferior to rubomycin in terms of the therapeutic effect on leukemia La. However, on intraperitoneal injection of the drugs rubomycin showed no such advantage. Doxorubicin made in the USSR did not differ by its antitumor activity from the analogous foreign drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Anaesthesia and development of some experimental tumours.

Present work is based on the data of experimental studies on the influence of inhalatory (ether, chloroform, halothane and methoxyfluorane) and intravenous anaesthesia (neurovegetative block and neuroleptoanalgesia) upon the tumour growth and metastasization as well as the level of corticosteronemia in surgical trauma. It has been revealed that the narcosis may change the course of the tumorous process both by means of its action on the endocrine part of the organism-tumour system and immediately (halothane) due to its cytostatic action. Obviously, anaesthesia may appear one of the factors influencing the results of multifactoral therapy of tumorous diseases.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Morphologic and morphometric studies on tumor necrosis produced by radiotherapy, and hyperthermia singly and in combination.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hyperthermia associated with radiotherapy on neoplasia. Two transplanted experimental tumors (undifferentiated carcinoma of mouse breast and sarcoma 37) were used. A protocol was followed that included, for both models, four groups of animals: 1) control group; 2) radiotherapy group; 3) hyperthermia group; 4) radiotherapy associated with hyperthermia group. The animals were sacrificed after therapy according to a different schedule for each type of tumor. The morphology of the neoplasia in every group of treated tumors was compared with that of the control group. For quantitative evaluation of the necrosis, we studied the ratio of the tumor necrotic areas (N) to a tumor standard area (T). From the results obtained, the following conclusions were made: 1) Necrosis produced by combined treatment was significantly greater than that obtained by using one only; 2) necrosis appeared early after treatment and remained relatively unchanged; 3) The damaging effect of the hyperthermia occurred earlier than that produced by radiotherapy when these methods were used separately, thus suggesting distinct mechanisms of tumor necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Specific natural DNA-bound lipids in post-genome era. The lipid conception of chromatin organization.

Two pools of DNA-bound lipids were isolated from DNA supramolecular complex (SC-DNA): loosely bound (extracted with 35% ethanol) and tightly bound lipids (extracted after additional treatment DNase I). The compositions of the two lipid pools from different sources (rat thymus, liver, loach sperm, pigeon erythrocytes, Zajdel ascites hepatoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, sarcoma 37, Escherichia coli B and T2 phage) were studied. The possible functions of DNA-bound lipids, especially of cardiolipin and cholesterol, at the attachment of DNA loops to the nuclear matrix, in DNA replicon organization, replication and transcription are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

DNA-bound lipids of normal and tumor cells: retrospective and outlooks for functional genomics.

By very soft phenol method, the high-molecular-mass natural DNA complexes (10(8)-10(9) Da), which contain 1-3% specific lipids, were isolated from different eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Two pools of DNA-bound lipids were isolated: loosely bound (extracted with 35% ethanol) and tightly bound lipids (extracted after additional treatment DNAse I). The composition of these two lipid pools of different sources (rat thymus, liver, regenerating liver, loach sperm, pigeon erythrocytes, Zajdel ascites hepatoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, sarcoma 37, Escherichia coli B, T2 phage) was studied. The DNA-bound lipid pools consist of neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL), moreover NL is always in a few fold more than PL. The composition of these lipid pools of eukaryotes distinguishes between themselves, mainly, by free cholesterol (minor fraction), cardiolipin (major fraction), and by phosphatidylcholine. Only the tightly bound lipid pool was present in T2 phage DNA. The dramatic redistribution effect between all fractions of NL pools (free and ester cholesterol, free fatty acids, diglycerides) was observed in DNA synthesis phase of cell cycle on the background of the unchanged composition of PL pools. Comparative analysis of DNA-bound lipid pools of normal and cancer cells was carried out. The DNA-bound lipid pools of transformed cells significantly differ from the same normal cells both by PL composition (cardiolipin) and by the presence of additional fractions (mono- and triglycerides) as well. The possible functions of DNA-bound lipid pools, especially of cardiolipin and cholesterol at the attachment of DNA loops to the nuclear matrix, DNA replicon organization, replication, and transcription are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Effects of poly(2'-O-methyladenylic acid) on susceptibility and autogenous immunity to RNA tumor virus oncogenesis in vivo.

Poly(2'-O-methyladenylic acid) [poly(Am)] inhibited tumor development and death induced by the Moloney sarcoma virus-leukemia virus complex in newborn mice. The compound was effective at 10 mug per mouse when given at least 1 hr before inoculation of virus, but the greatest inhibition was seen in mice treated at least 4 hr before infection. Poly(2'-O-methyluridylic acid) and poly(vinyladenine) also inhibited sarcoma development and death but were less effective than poly(Am). Poly(Am) also enhanced the antibody response of newborn mice to endogenous leukemia virus envelope antigens, which we refer to as autogenous immunity. The results of these preliminary studies suggest that poly(Am) altered the oncogenic potential of the Moloney sarcoma-leukemia virus complex in vivo, and the effect appears to be mediated through an enhancement of the immune response of the treated animals.

Adenine Nucleotides↗