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PubMed1992

Comparison of role conception and role deprivation in LPN-transition students and traditional ADN students in a specially designed associate program.

This study compared differences in role orientation and role deprivation between 41 LPN-transition students and 123 basic traditional associate degree nursing (ADN) students upon entry and exit to a specially designed ADN program. The Corwin Role Conception Scale was used to assess role conception and deprivation. Statistically significant differences were noted upon entry between LPN-transition students and traditional ADN students in professional and service role conceptions and in role deprivation, upon exit in professional role conception and role deprivation between LPN-transition and traditional ADN students, and in professional role conception within the LPN-transition students. No differences were found within traditional ADN students from entry to exit of the program.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Establishing student competency in qualitative research: can undergraduate nursing students perform qualitative data analysis?

Many undergraduate nursing programs require some level of research competency of their graduates. However, the competency level may vary depending on program goals and often is focused on quantitative methodologies. The purpose of this research was to determine nursing students' ability to perform qualitative data analysis. Twenty-eight undergraduate students enrolled in a data analysis course in the junior year of their baccalaureate program participated. After selecting the research question, students collected interview data from each other and posted it using a Web-based program. The students and instructor then performed a content analysis. After reviewing the instructor's analysis, which revealed three core themes, students' written analyses were read to determine their congruence with the instructor-generated themes. There was 89% agreement on the first theme, 96% agreement on the second theme, and 61% agreement on the third theme. Because of the high agreement rates between the instructor and student analyses, the author concluded that undergraduate nursing students, when provided with appropriate instruction, are capable of performing qualitative data analysis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Podiatric medical students' evaluation of a computerized student-patient encounter log system.

The computerized student-patient encounter log system represents a considerable improvement in terms of efficiency and accuracy over traditional paper-based student-patient encounter reporting systems. The computerized log not only facilitates faculty monitoring of students' assessment and management of health problems at geographically disparate locations but also provides a rich resource of data for enhancing clinical teaching and learning experiences. However, little is known about podiatric medical students' experiences with Web-based computerized student-patient encounter log systems. The findings reported in this article suggest that the computerized student-patient encounter log was considered to be useful and effective by most of the podiatric medical students surveyed and represents an improvement over traditional paper-based recording systems.

California↗
PubMed2003

Effective recruitment and retention strategies for underrepresented minority students: perspectives from dental students.

This study was designed to identify reasons underrepresented minority (URM) dental students select a dental school and to determine the factors that contribute to their resolve to complete their programs. A survey questionnaire developed from interviews with URM students was sent to Minority/Admissions Officers or deans of dental schools that enrolled URM students for distribution to their minority students. A total of 198 questionnaires were received from minority students in all levels of dental school. The results were that 74 percent said they selected a school for its reputation, and 49.5 percent chose a dental school even if the financial aid package was less than what was offered in other schools. African American, Hispanic, and Native American students prefer integrated interview days with nonminority applicants and disapprove of "special" days designated for URMs. The presence of other minority students was not an important factor in the selection of a school but is an important source of support while attending dental school. Dental school minority alumni also play a significant role in the selection of a school. Results of the study can be useful in planning recruitment and retention programs.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2003

Radiographic detection of approximal caries: a comparison between senior dental students and senior dental hygiene students.

PURPOSE: Dental hygienists do not legally (or definitively) diagnose caries, but they often are responsible for preliminary interpretation of bitewing (BW) radiographs taken during prophylaxis appointments. Given this custom of practice, it is important to understand whether there is a difference between the capabilities of dental hygienists and dentists in interpreting BWs based on education and clinical experience. This study compared proximal carious lesion classification from BWs by senior dental students and senior dental hygiene students. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Volunteers (40 dental [D] and 54 dental hygiene [DH] students) classified proximal carious lesions from BWs of 96 extracted teeth, which were mounted in wax to simulate quadrants of the mouth. A soft tissue equivalent was placed in front of the mounted teeth before x-ray exposure. Films were developed automatically and mounted into six sets point scale. The teeth were sectioned vertically and evaluated clinically at 5x magnification with an explorer. The "gold standard" of carious lesion classification was then compared to the students' classifications. RESULTS: All students detected 54% of the carious lesions and correctly identified lack of caries 80.5% of the time. There were no differences between the two groups of students in terms of sensitivity, but dental students showed higher specificity (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSION: Permitting dental hygienists to make preliminary interpretations of caries from BWs in the dental office appears to be an acceptable practice.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1992

[Smoking habits of medical students. Smoking habits of Danish medical students and their knowledge about and attitudes to the tobacco problem].

In 1987, 74 Danish first-year and 90 final-year medical students from Aarhus University participated in a global questionnaire investigation concerning the smoking habits of medical students and their attitudes to the tobacco problem. This investigation was initiated by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. In order to observe particular characteristics or unexpected findings, the Danish percentage replies were calculated and compared with corresponding average figures for the other European medical students and Danish doctors and the normal population. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated in a single instance only: the proportion of smokers among Danish final-year female medical students in the last term was considerably higher than among junior doctors. Strikingly few Danish medical students towards the end of their curriculum considered smoking the main cause of coronary disease but problems in translation were possibly involved here. Unless a concrete reason was present, Danish medical students were very reticent concerning discussion of the injurious effects of smoking with patients. A possible reason for this was that only one fourth of the Danish final-year students considered that their present knowledge formed an adequate basis for patient counselling.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The medical students' societies and medical students' publications.

The rich corporate life of the medical student and the medical students' societies at our medical school (at the present National University of Singapore) is generally unappreciated by its graduates and regrettably, even more unknown to the medical student of today. The present generation of medical students of NUS do not know of their rich history. We have published documentation of student activities from the founding of the medical school in 1905 till the establishment of the then University of Malaya in 1950, reviewed herein. Materials presented after 1950 were gathered from personal communications from key players in the students' societies and from editors of the medical students' publications.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed2006

Cultural competency training for third-year clerkship students: effects of an interactive workshop on student attitudes.

UNLABELLED: With an increasing awareness of health disparities, medical schools are challenged to develop training in cultural competency for their students. We developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an interactive workshop designed to improve third-year students' attitudes, beliefs and cross-cultural communication skills. METHODS: At the start of a six-week required family medicine clerkship, 196 medical students participated in small group (20-24 students) workshops. Didactics included facts about health disparities and a model of cultural competency. During a skill-building component, students were exposed to live vignettes portraying ineffective and effective cross-cultural doctor-patient interactions. Impact on students' attitudes, perceived bias and knowledge of techniques was assessed by comparing pre- and postworkshop scores. RESULTS: Participants increased their cultural awareness on most items of a cultural awareness scale. Fifty-five-, 71- and 66% of the sample agreed or strongly agreed the program was valuable, appropriate and effective, respectively. Conversely, only 17-, 6- and 9% of the sample disagreed or strongly disagreed, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A workshop for third-year students led to an increase in cultural awareness and was considered appropriate and valuable. Further study, including longitudinal training and evaluation, is needed regarding effective methods to increase cultural competence in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Retention of traditional premedical students in a medical career pathway compared with students in a combined baccalaureate-medical degree program.

This study compared the retention in medical career pathways of students enrolled in a combined baccalaureate-medical degree program to traditional premedical students at Brown University. Whereas 84% of the combined-degree students went on to medical school, only 36% of the traditional premedical students did. Among underrepresented minority students, the proportions were 74% and 39%, respectively. Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores accounted for some of the difference, yet even when SAT scores were controlled using a multiple logistic regression model, students enrolled in the combined-degree program were more than eight times as likely to continue in a medical career pathway.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of health-related behaviors among alternative high school students as compared with students attending regular high schools.

PURPOSE: To provide national data on health-risk behaviors of students attending alternative high schools and compare the prevalence of these risk behaviors with data from the 1997 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. METHODS: The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey uses a three-stage cluster sampling design. Data were collected from 8918 students in alternative high schools in 1998 (ALT-YRBS) and 16,262 students in regular high schools in 1997 (YRBS). The health-risk behaviors addressed include behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. A weighing factor was applied to each student record to adjust for nonresponse and varying probabilities of selection. SUDAAN was used to compute 95% confidence intervals, which were considered significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. RESULTS: Students attending alternative high schools were at significantly greater risk than students in regular high schools for violence-related injury; suicide; human immunodeficiency virus infection or other sexually transmitted diseases; pregnancy; and development of chronic disease related to tobacco use, unhealthy dieting practices, and lack of vigorous activity. CONCLUSIONS: Many students in alternative high schools are at risk for both acute and chronic health problems. Because these youth are still in a school setting, alternative high schools are in a unique position to provide programs to help decrease the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

What do students want? The types of learning activities preferred by final year medical students.

CONTEXT: A well-aligned curriculum has consistent focus on curricular goals, teaching/learning activities and assessment. Poor alignment affects the way students budget learning time and may interfere with achievement of curricular goals. We noticed students' poor attendance in clinical clerkships prior to final examinations and hypothesised that they were responding to curricular misalignment. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the extent to which students and tutors perceived a mismatch between activities pertaining to their current clerkship and those they thought necessary to prepare for final examinations and internship. SUBJECTS: Medical students in final (sixth) year clerkships in medicine, surgery and critical care and clinical tutors. METHOD: A self-report questionnaire on time spent in clerkship activities was administered 3 months before the final examinations. RESULTS: The amounts of time spent on current activities were fairly evenly spread over teaching, study and self-directed patient contacts, and observing patient care (ward rounds, operating theatre, accident and emergency, outpatient department and clinical meetings). Less time was available for recreation. Students and tutors concurred, independently, that good examination and internship preparation required a shifting of the balance. Examination preparation redistributed time from observing patient care and recreation to study and self-directed patient contacts. Internship preparation redistributed time from teaching and recreation to observing patient care. CONCLUSION: Students and tutors perceived that current activities were not well aligned with assessment requirements but were better aligned with the requirements of internship. If we want students to direct their attention towards curricular goals, we need to bring goals, teaching/learning activities and assessment into alignment.

Australia↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study of the learning style preferences of students with learning disabilities and students who are gifted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether significant group, gender, and grade differences existed in the learning style preferences of students with learning disabilities and students who are gifted, using the Learning Style Inventory (LSI) (Dunn, Dunn, & Price, 1987). Subjects consisted of 53 students with learning disabilities and 64 gifted students randomly selected from two large public high schools. They were 10th-, 11th-, and 12th-grade students, aged 15 to 17. A three-way analysis of variance on the LSI raw scores revealed significant group differences in preferences for light, design, and kinesthetic modality, and in motivation, persistence, responsibility, parent motivation, and teacher motivation. Significant gender and grade differences were found in preferences for mobility and learning in the afternoon, respectively. A stepwise discriminant analysis revealed six variables that significantly discriminated between the two groups. Findings imply that incorporating the learning styles of students with learning disabilities and students who are gifted is important for individualizing educational programming.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The ability of deaf students to understand text. A comparison of the perceptions of teachers and students.

Sixteen deaf high school students and nine of their teachers, two deaf and seven hearing, were interviewed for their perceptions of the interest and difficulty of three types of text. Students read and retold the texts and reported on their use of metacognitive strategies and comprehension monitoring and assessment. In this paper, we compare the perceptions of the teachers and students. The teachers in this study underestimated the extent to which their students could comprehend independently, often based on insubstantial evidence. The text perceived to be most difficult by both teachers and students was also considered the most interesting to students, but not to teachers. This text also fostered the greatest use of a variety of metacognitive strategies, suggesting that difficult materials should not be avoided or simplified for deaf students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Integrating hearing and deaf students on a college campus. Successes and barriers as perceived by hearing students.

This study had two purposes: (1) to learn how hearing students in a mainstream college setting perceive deaf students as classmates, and (2) to discover how those perceptions influence the integration of deaf and hearing students on campus. Thirty full-time students at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York, were interviewed using in-depth, open-ended interview strategies. It was found that even in this setting, designed expressly to integrate deaf and hearing students, full integration did not occur. Deaf students were successfully placed on the campus with hearing students for educational purposes; however, social integration did not occur.

Attitude↗
PubMed1992

Performance of students with learning disabilities on validity indexes of the Perception of Ability Scale for Students.

The present study examined the performance of 78 students with learning disabilities and 71 normally achieving students in regular Form 1 (Grade 6) classes on three validity indexes of the Perception of Ability Scale for Students, a measure of academic self-concept. The three indexes assess consistency of responding, negative or positive response biases, and misrepresentation of self-perceptions in terms of unrealistic perceptions of perfection in school. Analysis showed that learning disabled students obtained significantly lower Full Scale scores than the normal students, but no significant differences appeared on the three validity indexes. Users of the test can be confident that learning disabled students respond to items in as valid a manner as other students. Having specific learning problems in school should not interfere with response patterns on this scale.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

Student and community outcomes in service-learning: part 1--student perceptions.

Service-learning has a long and distinguished history of providing valuable experiences to students across all academic levels. Professional disciplines are well situated to provide students with opportunities related to service-learning while also providing needed health care services to communities. This article and Part 2 on pages 516-518 of this issue describe a service-learning initiative implemented in a bachelor of science in nursing program. Part 1 details students' perceptions of outcomes realized from the program, and Part 2 describes community outcomes. The purposes of the program were to enhance students' skills in history-taking, blood pressure and heart rate assessment skills, and beginning counseling skills, as well as provide the university community with blood pressure screening and counseling in a convenient and accessible location. Data on students' perceptions were collected for each semester of the program and for 1 year after students' participation in the program. Students perceived gains in blood pressure and heart rate skill performance, beginning counseling skills, their understanding of tailored client action plans, and their professional commitment to the health of the community.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2001

Opportunities for integration into ordinary school of students with emotional and behavioral disorders and students with chronic cardiovascular diseases (representative study for Republic of Bulgaria).

This article reviews the results of a representative study on the opportunities for integration into mainstream school of students with emotional and behavioral disorders and students with chronic cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study is to clarify some important personal characteristics as well as some factors, related to the school and family environment of students with EBD and those with chronic CVD in order to assess their capacities for integration. Altogether 192 students aged 8-15 years with psychic disorders and 337 aged 15-18 years with cardiovascular diseases were followed for two and four years respectively. Results show that students with EBD are with limited cognitive capacities, emotionally unstable, introverts, with high level of psychotisicm and higher level of personal anxiety compared to their healthy coavals. Students with EBD, studying with the healthy children, compared to their coevals with the same diagnoses, but studying separately in recovery school "pure model of special school" are with better short-term memory, lower level of situation anxiety, better mental work capacity and as whole more successfully socialized. In the end of the second year of investigation their psychic health improves as well. All this allow us to draw the conclusion that the integrated education of pupils with EBD has a better effect on the psychic health and improves as a whole their learning potentialities. Beside some significant differences between the students with CVD and the healthy referents, in terms of social and family status, school performance, school relationships, personal and cognitive characteristics, they could successfully be integrated into the public school in the presence of a well organized and individualized health, social and pedagogic support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of conflict-resolving tendencies of nursing college students and medical school students in Turkey.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive and comparative study was to define and compare the tendencies of nursing college and medical students in resolving conflicts. METHOD: The scope of the research was all the students of the nursing college and faculty of medical. The sample included 359 students of the nursing college and 367 medical students. The data gathering tools used were a questionnaire covering socio-demographical attributes and the conflict-resolving tendency scale. Percentage computations, t-test (significance test between two independent groups) and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) were utilized during the evaluation of the data. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: In the light of the findings of the study, it was defined that there were significant differences between the students of the two schools in their conflict-resolving tendencies, with nursing college students having higher levels of conflict-resolving tendencies, as well as in their empathy, listening skills and requirement-focused approach.

Adaptation, Psychological↗