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PubMedDate not supplied

[The Kiel arthrograph--an instrument for recording active and passive shoulder joint mobility].

The authors describe a new method for measuring the flexibility of the shoulder. They have designed a device consisting of two electrical goniometers to measure the horizontal and the vertical position of the humerus. A computer registers these signals, calculates the region of mobility as a sperical segment centered to the shoulder joint (caput humeri). This region is displayed in a map, called arthrogram. Slightly modified, the arthrograph measures the rotation of the humerus and depicts the rotation angle into the map, at the site of the measurement. First results are reported. The procedure is reproducible with an error less than 5 degrees. Arthrograms of sound persons are compared to those of different pathological symptoms. Arthrograms show more information than single angular values. They can be viewed easily, e.g. to control the success of a treatment.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1980

Synovial osteochondromatosis of the shoulder joint.

A case of synovial osteochondromatosis in a synovial recess of the shoulder joint, which is considered to be a very rare condition, is presented. Different clinical and pathologic aspects of this condition are reviewed and discussed. Treatment consists of a surgical removal of the free loose osteocartilaginous bodies with a partial excision of the affected synovia. The condition did not recur.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[The Kessel-Gschwend approach to the shoulder joint].

The solution of pathological conditions in the subacromial space is essentially not only a diagnostic problem but also a problem of the surgical approach. Exposure of the necessary space is practically always associated with slackening of the muscles; usually the deltoid muscle is affected which leads to hypotrophy, frequently to muscular atrophy with an adverse impact on the function of the shoulder joint. Gschwend's modification of Kessel's approach reduces muscular hypotrophy and the risk of damage to a minimum and permits to treat the described affections of the shoulder joint, with rapid restoration of normal function of the joint. The approach was used for the surgical treatment of injuries of the rotator cuff, impingement syndrome and other diseases with favourable results.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Transposition of coracoacromial ligament to humerus in treatment of vertical shoulder joint instability. Clinical applicability of experimental technique.

Treatment of experimental distal subluxation in the shoulder joint was achieved by transposition of the coracoacromial ligament and its bony attachment from the acromion to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. This transposition also reduced external rotation in the first 40 degrees of abduction. The method, which was applied in two clinical cases of distal subluxation, proves reasonable from a biomechanical point of view and yields satisfactory primary clinical results.

Acromion↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of muscle fatigue on shoulder joint position sense.

Proprioception, or joint position sense, probably plays an important role in shoulder joint function. In this study, we assessed the effect of muscle fatigue on shoulder proprioception in 20 volunteers with no shoulder abnormalities. Shoulder proprioception was measured as the threshold to first detection of humeral rotation with the joint at 90 degrees of abduction and 90 degrees of external rotation. Subjects were tested while rested, exercised on a isokinetic testing machine until fatigued, and then retested in an identical fashion. Both shoulders were tested, and the order of dominant and nondominant shoulder was randomized. Shoulder proprioception was analyzed for its dependence on arm dominance, direction of rotation, and muscle fatigue. Subjects detected external rotation after significantly less movement than they did internal rotation. Overall, before exercise, motion was detected after a mean of 0.92 degrees of rotation. After exercise, this threshold to detection of movement increased to 1.59 degrees, an increase of 73%. This significant increase occurred with both internal and external rotation. The decrease in proprioceptive sense with muscle fatigue may play a role in decreasing athletic performance and in fatigue-related shoulder dysfunction. It remains to be determined if training can lessen this loss in position sense.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Shoulder dislocation associated with humeral fracture on the same side (unstable shoulder joint)].

The joint instability observed at the dislocation of the shoulder and the humeral fracture on the same side are described. The idea of "unstable shoulder joint" is used and the operative indication of the shoulder dislocation is outlined.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[The state of the articular cartilage and capsule of the shoulder joint in the adult population].

Based on the macroscopic investigation of 156 human shoulder joints from subjects aged 21-90 years taken from post-mortem material of the Anatomical Institute, the authors describe the course of the degenerative process and its localization on both contact surfaces. They describe also changes of the synovial and connective tissue layer of the articular capsule in relation of cartilaginous changes.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Anatomical investigation of arterial distribution and clinical application of selective angiography of the shoulder joint].

The purpose of this paper is to apply selective angiography to the shoulder joint based on anatomical quantitative study. Prior to the selective angiography, I made the arterial casts of adult cadavers (30 joints) to investigate the vascular distribution of the rotator cuff, and the arterial specimen of fetus cadavers (60 joints) using a modification of Teichmann's technique with cold injection medium to observe the types of origin of the main arteries roentgenographically. Results of these anatomical studies showed the rotator cuff to have 4 main arteries, and each tendon of the rotator cuff to have 2 or more arteries from the scapular side and the humeral side, forming a vascular network on the tendon. The critical zone of the vascular network was in the subacromial part of the rotator cuff where the selective angiogram showed a variety of abnormal vasculature in clinical cases with lesions at the supraspinatus tendon.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Morphological and clinical study of shoulder joint diseases by ultrasonography].

The usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of shoulder diseases was evaluated from both basic and clinical viewpoints. The Yokogawa Medical System U-SONIC RT2600 (7.5 MHz probe) was employed for the study. Four-directional scanning of shoulder joints using the water immersion method was performed, and the results were confirmed by surgery. The average thickness of the supraspinatus tendon in the control group was 5.6 mm, increasing with aging after the forties. In the groups with diseases, the ultrasonographic changes were detected to be mild in the rotator cuff at the site uncovered by the acromion and to be remarkable in the long head tendon of the biceps and the head of the humerus were detected, and similar changes were confirmed by surgery. The above results suggested that the changes in the rotator cuff or its surrounding tissues, undetectable by conventional examination, could be demonstrated by ultrasonography and that this method is clinically very useful for the diagnosis of shoulder diseases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1949