Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SHOULDER”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effects of interlimb and intralimb constraints on bimanual shoulder-elbow and shoulder-wrist coordination patterns.

The present study addressed the interactions between interlimb and intralimb constraints during the control of bimanual multi-joint movements. Participants performed eight coordination tasks involving bilateral shoulder-elbow (expt I) and shoulder-wrist (expt II) movements. Three principal findings were obtained. First, the principle of muscle homology (in-phase coordination), giving rise to mirror symmetrical movements with respect to the midsagittal plane, had a powerful influence on the quality of interlimb coordination. In both experiments, the accuracy and stability of inter- and/or intralimb coordination deteriorated as soon as the antiphase mode was introduced in one or both joint pairs. However, the mutual influences between bilateral distal and proximal joint pairs varied across coordination tasks and effectors. Second, the impact of intralimb coordination modes on the quality of intralimb coordination was inconsistent between adjacent (expt I) and non-adjacent joint (expt II) combinations. Third, the mode of interlimb coordination affected the quality of intralimb coordination, whereas strong support for the converse effect was not obtained. Taken together, these observations point to a hierarchical control structure whereby interlimb coordination constraints have a stronger impact on the global coordination of the system than intralimb constraints, whose impact is substantially dependent on effector and task. The finding that intralimb coordination is subordinate to interlimb coordination during the production of bimanual multi-joint coordination patterns indicates that symmetry is a major organizational principle in the neural control of complex movement.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Role of shoulder ultrasonography in the evaluation of the painful shoulder.

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of ultrasonography in the detection of rotator cuff tears. In a prospective study of 41 patients, the ultrasound results could be compared with the combined results of (CT) arthrography, arthroscopy and operation. The sensitivity of sonography in detecting partial and total rotator cuff tears was 86%, the specificity 91%, the positive predictive value 96% and the negative predictive value 73%. In spite of the relatively small size of this series, our results are comparable with those of most other studies. Based on these results, sonography can provide a non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic method for screening patients with shoulder complaints. A disadvantage of the method is its long learning curve.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Is the constant score reliable in assessing patients with frozen shoulder? 60 shoulders scored 3 years after manipulation under anaesthesia.

We assessed the function of 60 primary frozen shoulders at a mean of 33 months after manipulation under general anaesthesia. Each patient was scored according to the system described by Constant and Murley (1987). We also evaluated a modified method of strength assessment with the sling over the mid-humerus (modified Constant score), and analyzed the abbreviated Constant score, which excludes the strength measurement (Patel et al. 1999). Moreover, the patients filled out an Oxford questionnaire (Dawson et al. 1996). We found a better correlation between the Oxford score and the Constant-Murley score when muscle strength was excluded or measured by the modified method.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulders: management by bilateral shoulder hemiarthroplasties.

Bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulders is rare, with only 26 reported cases in the literature. We present the case of a patient who sustained bilateral posterior fracture-dislocations after a first time seizure. Due to significant articular surface involvement, bilateral hemiarthroplasties were performed. The literature on this injury and current treatment options is also reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shoulder arthroscopy: its role in evaluating shoulder disorders in the athlete.

We retrospectively reviewed 100 initial shoulder arthroscopies from a general sports medicine orthopaedic practice to determine if arthroscopy is helpful diagnostically and to see if specific lesions correlate well with specific diagnoses. Seventy-two percent of the patients in the review had glenoid labral tears. Ninety-two percent of patients who had a diagnosis of either recurrent anterior dislocation or recurrent anterior subluxation demonstrated a tear of the anterior inferior margin of the glenoid labrum. Sixty-eight percent of patients with a diagnosis of impingement demonstrated tears at the superior margin of the labrum. There was a significant difference between throwing and nonthrowing athletes. Partial rotator cuff tears were noted in 18 patients, the majority occurring in throwing athletes. Other abnormalities, such as degenerative joint changes and biceps tendon lesions, were also noted at the time of arthroscopy. A large number of glenoid labral tears found at the time of arthroscopy appeared to be associated with conditions other than instability, which may or may not affect the throwing athlete. There also appeared to be a high correlation between tears in the anterior inferior glenoid labrum and anterior instability. Arthroscopy enabled us to identify other significant information about the status of the biceps tendon or the undersurface of the rotator cuff. These are areas in which problems might otherwise have been missed. Degenerative changes of the articular surface, not apparent on plain radiographs, may also be better evaluated arthroscopically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Post-traumatic shoulder 'dystonia': persistent abnormal postures of the shoulder after minor trauma.

The authors describe two patients with fixed shoulder elevation and prominent regional muscle hypertrophy that developed within days after local minor injury. The condition lacked several typical features of dystonia, such as the presence of torsional movements, task specificity, or relief by antagonistic gestures. These patient reports add to the growing literature indicating that persistent post-traumatic abnormal postures and muscle hypertrophy in different body parts may be a distinct response of the nervous system to injury.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

[Multi-directional instability of the shoulder; e new form of chronic shoulder instability].

This article describes multidirectional shoulder instability. This lesion is not rare and is easily overlooked. MDI is often caused by repeated minor injuries in athletic patients. The basic lesion in MDI is an enlarged joint volume. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture. The sulcus sign is pathognomonic. Conservative treatment is the treatment of first choice. If complaints persist after one year of conservative treatment, a capsular shift as described by Neer is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Crystal deposition disease of the shoulder (including calcific tendonitis and milwaukee shoulder syndrome).

Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is a dynamic process. Osteopontin is present in cells surrounding tendon calcifications. Resorption is probably mediated by cathepsin K-containing multinucleated giant cells. Rotator cuff tears are associated with an inflammatory response based on the presence of interleukin-1 and a proliferative synovitis. Metalloproteinases are found in the synovial fluids of patients with rotator cuff tears. Some patients with large rotator cuff tears progress to a severe destructive arthropathy characterized by large joint effusions, which are noninflammatory but contain basic calcium phosphate crystals. These crystals stimulate metalloproteinase production in vitro and also suppress metalloproteinase inhibitor production. Mutations in the ank gene result in decreased extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate in murine progressive ankylosis, and increased extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate in some cases of familial chondrocalcinosis.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed2006

The outcome of resection shoulder arthroplasty for recalcitrant shoulder infections.

Postarthroplasty infection is a devastating complication. In some patients, virulent pathogens or poor health complicate reconstruction. Resection arthroplasty is a viable option in such cases. Seven patients with resection arthroplasty following infection after shoulder arthroplasty were reviewed retrospectively at an average 20- month follow-up (range, 12-41). Average time between the initial procedure and the first debridement was 59.5 months (4-151 months). The average number of debridements was 2.2 per patient (range, 1-4 procedures). There were no complications, no recurrence of deep infection, no nerve damage, and no fractures. All patients were able to reach the opposite axilla, their backpocket and perineum, and their mouth. All but 1 patient were satisfied with their result. No patient had a satisfactory outcome via Neer's criteria. Resection arthroplasty is a reasonable salvage option for patients who are not good candidates for prosthetic reimplantation. This yields patients who can reliably perform basic activities of daily living.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Movement diagram and "end-feel" reliability when measuring passive lateral rotation of the shoulder in patients with shoulder pathology.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Findings related to joint function can be recorded with movement diagrams or by characterizing the "end-feel" according to the procedure described by Cyriax. Because both methods are used to classify pain and resistance in relation to joint range of motion (ROM), the purpose of this study was to simultaneously evaluate the reliability of these categorizations in a patient sample. SUBJECTS: Two physical therapists performed 2 assessments of passive lateral rotation of the shoulder in 34 patients. METHODS: Pain and resistance findings were recorded using movement diagrams and end-feel categories. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC[2,1]) were used to analyze the ratio (movement diagram) data, and kappa statistics (kappa) were used to analyze the categorical (end-feel) data. RESULTS: Intrarater ICCs varied from .58 to .89. Interrater ICCs for locating maximum pain and resistance in joint ROM varied from .85 to .91. Other interrater ICCs were lower (ICC = .34-.88). Intrarater kappa values for end-feel were moderate (kappa = .48-.59), and interrater kappa values were substantial (kappa = .62-.76). CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Movement diagram measures conceptually related to the end of joint ROM and end-feel were highly reliable. This finding and the fact that additional end-feel categories were introduced in the study may partially explain the end-feel reliability findings. Consideration of their use in future studies may help to determine their clinical utility.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder. A new technique of shoulder imaging.

Although magnetic resonance imaging is very sensitive and even though pathology in the rotator cuff is readily detected, it is often difficult to distinguish between complete rotator cuff tears, partial rotator cuff tears, and area of tendinitis. This article reports the results of a new technique for evaluation of shoulder pathology, which the authors have labeled magnetic resonance arthrography, and compares the results of magnetic resonance arthrography with those of conventional magnetic resonance imaging.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shoulder immobilizers. Shoulder immobilization devices.

Currently a myriad of devices are available for immobilization of the injured or postsurgical upper extremity. Some of these devices are straightforward and easily used, but some are more complicated and require more familiarity for their successful application. However, even simple devices have the potential for misapplication and thus prevent their benefit to the patient. This article is the second in a 3-part series. The goals of the series are (1) to present and review several devices on the market used by shoulder surgeons to immobilize the upper extremity, and (2) to discuss proper application and precautions of their use. It is intended that this series will benefit nurses, therapists, and trainers involved in the use of these devices.

Adult↗