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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Giant cell tumor of the scapula associated with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst.

Giant cell tumors are distinctive neoplasms characterized by a profusion of multinucleate giant cells scattered throughout a stroma of mononuclear cells. Most giant cell tumors are found at the epiphyses of long bones, especially around the knee joint. Flat bone involvement is rare. However, a case of giant cell tumor with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst was encountered at the scapula of a 25-year-old man. Since the occurrence of a giant cell tumor with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst on flat bones (i.e., the scapula) is extremely rare, the above-mentioned case is worthy of reporting.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Parosteal osteosarcoma of the scapula.

Parosteal osteosarcoma is a low-grade osteosarcoma, which occurs on the surface of the bone. We had experienced a parosteal osteosarcoma involving the flat bone, the scapula of a 21-year-old man. This is an extremely rare location for a parosteal osteosarcoma. Plain radiograph showed broad-based, well-defined radiodense lesion at the scapula. Computed tomogram demonstrated an intact cortex and absence of a medullary involvement. Tumor showed a lobulated, high-density lesion, indicating bone formation. Histologically, parosteal osteosarcoma is a well-differentiated osteosarcoma. The tumor is composed of a hypocellular proliferation of spindle cells, with minimal cytologic atypia. The bone is in the form of a well-formed bony trabeculae. Occasional cartilage is present in the form of a cap.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Factors associated with Short Form-36 outcomes in nonoperative treatment for ipsilateral fractures of the clavicle and scapula.

Twenty consecutive patients with ipsilateral fractures of the clavicle and scapula were treated nonoperatively with immobilization and physical therapy. Results were evaluated using the Herscovici, Rowe, and Constant scoring systems and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The average comprehensive SF-36 score was lower than the scores obtained using the other scoring systems. In the SF-36 questionnaire, physical scores were strongly associated with nonphysical scores (P<.001). No association was found between SF-36 physical scores and age (P=.37), fracture pattern (clavicle, P=.81; scapula, P=.18), fracture displacement (P=.18), or injury severity score (P=.52). Outcomes were found to relate more to nonphysical factors than to the physical injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A stingray spine in the scapula of a bottlenose dolphin.

A stingray spine was found lodged in the scapula of a deceased 272 cm, male bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from South Carolina (USA) following skeletal preparation, nearly 6 mo after necropsy. No external puncture wound, internal bruising, or laceration of muscle tissue surrounding the scapula was evident during necropsy of the animal. Implantation of the spine did not appear to be related to the death of the dolphin, but probably occurred at an early age. Abnormal development of bone surrounding the spine resulted in the formation of a cavity at the wound site. Two mechanisms were considered as contributors for the cavity formation. These were the mechanical action of the spine stimulating the body's defense system for managing foreign objects, and the release of potent toxins from the spine sheath.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Reconstruction of a complex defect of the upper third of the humerus by pedicle transplant of the lateral edge of the scapula. A case report].

Vascularized bone transfer of the lateral border of the scapula is exceptionally used in orthopaedic surgery. The authors report a case of pedicle transfer of the lateral border of the scapula designed to reconstruct a nine centimetre bone defect of the upper third of the humerus following a gunshot wound. A complementary conventional bone graft was performed one month later and consolidation was achieved at the fourth month.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Snapping scapula: the value of 3D imaging].

Snapping scapula is a rare and poorly known cause of shoulder pain and is related to mechanical impingement between the scapula and the rib cage. We present a case in which CT scan was valuable, as a complement to clinical evaluation, for demonstrating the bony component of this entity. 3D reconstructions greatly facilitated diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Tumours and tumour-like lesions of scapula.

A retrospective study of 68 cases of tumours and tumour-like lesions related to the scapula, included in the registry of the Bone Tumour Reference Centre at the Institute of Pathology/University Clinics, Basle, has been carried out. Each case was evaluated for lesion entity, activity and location, age and sex of the patient, and, in 49 files with available radiographic documentation (mostly plain films), for radiologic appearance, with the aim to predict the histologic diagnosis or at least the correct dignity of the lesion. Statistically most frequent were cartilaginous tumours. More than 1/3 of all cases were osteochondromas, which demonstrated mostly a typical appearance. They were encountered predominantly in the first 3 decades in males and were located most often in the body of the scapula. 1/4 of all cases were chondrosarcomas, which were prevailing in the 4th-7th decades, but were occasionally found at a younger age too. Chondrosarcomas were located mainly at the lateral scapular margin over the inferior angle and in the acromion and coracoid process and their appearance ranged from typical to falsely benign. 1/3 of the cases represented a number of other benign and malignant histological entities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The scapula: a preferred donor site for a free flaps or pedicles transfer].

The authors present all the possibilities that the scapula can offer as a donor site for bone. After having reviewed the potential for acromial transfer on a pedicled trapezial flap, they summarise the anatomical basis for the transfer of the lateral border. There are two systems of vascular supply, one based on the circumflex scapular vessels described by Téot and the other based on the vessels of the angle of the scapula described by Deraemacker. This dual blood supply forms a very rich anastomosis with a predominant periosteal supply that allows for multiple osteotomies to be made. The technique of harvesting and the indications are highlighted as well as an iconography, which presents the principle forms of reconstruction that have been described until today. The authors support the use of the pedicled transfer of the lateral border, which is poorly known and above all poorly used. Their experience in five consecutive clinical cases demonstrates all the potential of this technique for humeral reconstruction. As a microsurgical transfer, however, the principal advantage of using the inferior scapular axis is offset by a few drawbacks, the principal one being the difficulty of dissection. Its main indication as a free flap is in the maxillofacial surgery where it allows very precise reconstructions of the mandible, the palate or the maxillozygomatic region.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partial resection of the scapula and a release of the long head of triceps for the management of Sprengel's deformity.

Previous surgical methods to address Sprengel's deformity by an attempted relocation of the scapula have achieved a limited functional improvement. A novel method was devised that includes a partial scapular resection, a removal of any omovertebral communication, and a release of the long head of triceps from the scapula. The results of eight cases are presented in which this method was used on 5 males and 3 females patients (age range, 19 months to 9 years). Early postoperative, active-assisted motion exercises for the patients were encouraged. On average, flexion improved from 100 degrees to 175 degrees and abduction improved from 90 degrees to 150 degrees. In one patient, a second operation was performed to remove an exostosis that followed the primary procedure. Initially, two keloid scars followed the use of a curvilinear incision. However, subsequently, this problem was eliminated by the use of a transverse incision. The new method seems to provide highly favorable functional and cosmetic results with a low morbidity.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Nonunion of a scapula body fracture in a high school football player.

We report the case of a 16-year-old boy who sustained a minimally displaced fracture of the inferior angle of the scapula during a high school football game. This fracture progressed to symptomatic nonunion and persistent pain. Treatment included curettage of loose, fibrous tissue interposed at the fracture site; fragment excision; range-of-motion exercises started early in the postoperative period, and progressive scapula strengthening. Four and a half months after initial injury, the patient returned to all activities and was asymptomatic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Elastofibroma, a rare cause of snapping scapula syndrome].

Scapular pain is a common complaint in daily orthopedic practice. A different type of scapular discomfort, the snapping scapula syndrome that occurs when smooth gliding motion of the scapula upon the chest wall is interfered with is much less common. We studied the syndrome of periscapular pain and discomfort, and present a rare etiology: elastofibroma dorsi, a unique, benign, soft tissue-tumor with unique characteristics. Elastofibroma appears deep to the lower scapular pole, is often bilateral, and consists of a mixture of collagen, elastic fibers and fibroblasts. We present 6 cases, in 3 men and 3 women aged 51-65.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Congenital elevation of the scapula in children. Anatomo-pathological and therapeutic study apropos of 27 cases].

The authors have treated 27 cases of congenital elevation of the scapula in children. 21 were operated on. They describe 3 types of the deformity which was often associated with other congenital lesions local (spine, ribs) or general. Two types of operations were performed: Schrock's procedure (partial excision of the scapula) and Woodward's procedure (dissection and re-insertion of muscles). The second one was followed by better results. Operations must be cautiously decided for they may be the cause of severe complications.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

[Experience with the management of scapula fractures].

Authors have treated 37 fractures of the scapula during 3 years. The questions of the aetiology, classification, diagnosis and therapy of this injury are reviewed. It is stated that the majority of the scapula fractures heal on conservative therapy; in consequence the functional treatment has a leading role. The fractures of the articular surfaces with step formation, the fractures of the scapular neck process dislocated in a high degree, or unstable fractures of the scapular neck combined with the comminutive fractures of the operative therapy are assessed. Attention is called to the most frequent operative complications and to the possibility of their prevention.

Bone Nails↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burkitt's lymphoma of the scapula.

Burkitt's lymphoma may involve the maxilla or mandible, but to date, there has been no reference in the literature to scapular involvement by this tumor. This article describes the case of a 9-year-old child who presented with a huge tumor involving the right shoulder with osteolytic and sclerotic lesions in the scapula. The histopathological findings were suggestive of Burkitt's lymphoma, and the immunohistochemical findings discard a lymphoblastic lymphoma or plasmablastic lymphoma. In addition, in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) was positive. Although the child also presented a cervical lymphadenopathy, the fact that Burkitt's lymphoma is generally extranodal, the marked swelling of the shoulder, and the extensive involvement of the bone strongly argue that this tumor had its origin in the scapula. This case demonstrates the importance of including Burkitt's lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of lymphoma involving bones in children.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of three-dimensional motion of the scapula and the glenohumeral joint].

Three dimensional motion of the scapula and the glenohumeral joint was measured and analysed during flexion, elevation in the scapular plane, and abduction using a three space tracker system. The downward tilting angle of the glenoid cavity was at an angle of -20 degrees during motion. The medially tilting angle of the glenoid cavity changed in a different manner in a different plane of elevation. The angle of elevation of the glenoid cavity changed from -12.6 degrees to 27 degrees in all planes. Elevation of the glenoid cavity and movement of the scapula in parallel were analyzed. During flexion the glenoid cavity faced the plane of flexion and stabilized the glenohumeral joint. During abduction the glenoid cavity moved as though slipping off from the glenohumeral joint. The total of the angles of elevation of the glenoid cavity and the glenohumeral joint did not always equal the angle of elevation of the arm.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[The bilateral long thoracic nerve palsy presenting with "scapula alata", as a result of weight training. A case report].

A 28-year-old male barber with no similar disease in his family admitted to our hospital because of difficulty of raising his arms in March 2003. When he was 18 years old, he broke his left clavicle. He started weight training from January 2003, then he gradually felt difficulty to raise his arms. Physical examination on admission showed weakness and atrophy of both serratus anterior muscles and there was no weakness in the other muscles. Serum CK level was 806 IU/l and CT scan of the upper thoracic levels revealed atrophy of the serratus anterior muscles on the both sides. Needle electromyography showed neurogenic change in the right serratus anterior muscle. Thus the diagnosis of bilateral long thoracic nerve palsy was made. Bilateral scapular winging (scapula alata) is commonly caused by systemic disease, especially muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy. Bilateral long thoracic nerve palsy by weight training should be known as one of the cause for the "scapula alata".

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Scapula fractures--classification and differential therapy].

The classification of fractures of the scapula (type A: body and process fractures; type B: neck fractures; type C: glenoid fractures) is shown, and the indications for conservative and operative treatment are described, as are the surgical approaches and operative techniques. In our hospital, 93 patients with 153 fractures of the scapula type A, B or C (ratio 1.6:1) were treated. This ratio was 1.7:1 in patients treated by operation. The indication for operation was usually glenoid fractures with accessory process fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Premature fusion of facial sutures with free periosteal grafts. An experimental study with special reference to bone formation with free periosteal grafts from the tibia, the scapula and the calvarium.

The present study was undertaken to obtain more information on the bone forming mechanisms with free periosteal grafts and to study premature synostosis of facial sutures achieved with free periosteal grafts. The results are based on a material of 196 rabbits operated on at the age of two weeks. It was found that the bone forming mechanism with free periosteal grafts from the tibia, the scapula and the calvarium is essentially the same. When implanted in the tibialis anterior muscle of the leg of the same animal they all produced bone. The mechanism of bone formation is reminiscent of the enchondral bone formation seen in fracture healing. There is no difference in the bone forming mechanism with the periosteum from an enchondrally ossifying bone when compared with the periosteum of an intramembranously ossifying bone. In all the three different periosteal grafts studied, there was a cartilage stage before bone formation. In the muscle, all these three periosteal grafts, in spite of their tubular or membranous bone origin, produced bones tubular in shape. When the transplants were overlying the membranaceous facial bones, membrane shaped bone developed via intramembraneceous type of ossification in the recipient area. It can be concluded from these experiments that the shape and type of bone developed with free periosteal grafts depends mainly on the environmental conditions in the recipient area. Fusion of the premaxillo-maxillary and fronto-nasal sutures was achieved with free periosteal grafts from the tibia. Free periosteal grafts from the scapula and the calvarium failed to develop premature fusion of the sutures. The fusion developed due to increased bone formation in the suture area. The fusion of the premaxillo-maxillary suture stopped the growth in this area and caused a severe growth disturbance of the whole snout. The fusion of the fronto-nasal suture by the bone bridge retarded the growth of the nasal bone on the fused side and led to deviation of the snout to the operated side. Compensatory changes developed in other sites of the cranio-facial skeleton in order to minimize the effects of the growth disturbance. The fused fronto-nasal suture was used as a model to study the treatment of premature synostosis of facial bones. Resection of the fused area led to correction of the developed growth disturbance and to subsequent normal growth of the snout.

Animals↗