Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rhode Island”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

State perspectives on health care reform: Oregon, Hawaii, Tennessee, and Rhode Island.

The general consensus among States which have had their section 1115 demonstration projects approved is that there is no one best way to implement State health care reform. The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), however, wished to discern how States were accomplishing the task of implementing the demonstrations, and solicited responses from State representatives whose section 1115 demonstration waivers had been approved. The resulting article gives an overview of this implementation process from four State perspectives. Written by representatives from Oregon, Hawaii, Tennessee, and Rhode Island, the ideas presented here are indicative of the complex undertaking of State health care reform.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

Diabetes preventive-care practices in managed-care organizations--Rhode Island, 1995-1996.

Diabetes mellitus affects 8% of the U.S. adult population and can lead to debilitating complications, including blindness, renal failure, cardiovascular disease, mobility impairment, and lower extremity amputation. Preventive care such as glycemic control and regular foot and eye examinations are recommended because of their efficacy in reducing diabetes-related complications. In the United States, managed care is an important provider of medical services for persons with diabetes. Persons with diabetes receiving care from a major health-maintenance organization (HMO) or a major preferred provider organization (PPO) in Rhode Island were surveyed in 1995 and 1996 to assess the level of care for three recommended preventive-care practices for diabetes: an annual dilated eye examination, semi-annual foot examination, and annual glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) assessment. This report summarizes the findings from this survey, which indicated that 87% of persons with diabetes received eye examinations and approximately 55% received semi-annual foot examinations and annual GHb assessments.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Homicide risk across race and class: a small-area analysis in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

Areas with higher absolute poverty and higher income inequality have been associated with higher risk of homicide victimization. In addition, studies of differential homicide rates have indicated that black persons are at a higher risk of homicide compared to white persons. However, few studies directly compared risk of homicide offending or victimization between Hispanic persons and non-Hispanic white persons, and few studies have attempted to examine the interaction between race and residential neighborhood socioeconomic measures on homicide risk. This population-based retrospective study comprised all white, black, and Hispanic 15- to 44-year-old men included in the 1990 US Census as Rhode Island or Massachusetts residents. Vital statistics registries were linked to 1990 US Census data to provide information on small-area characteristics. Overall, we observed a trend of increasing homicide risk as block-group socioeconomic position descended. The data indicated that block-group poverty, female-headed households, home ownership, and higher education were all strongly associated with homicide risk after stratifying by race and age of victim and adjusting for other block-group socioeconomic characteristics. Race was a strong modifier for absolute risk difference for the relation between risk of homicide and socioeconomic surroundings. Our analyses suggested that area-based interventions that would improve neighborhood social and economic conditions would be effective in decreasing risk of homicide for men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Syringe prescription to prevent HIV infection in Rhode Island: a case study.

Injection drug users (IDUs) are a population at high risk for many diseases, including AIDS, and are clearly in need of medical and substance abuse treatment. Access to sterile syringes is critical for lowering the risk of transmission of HIV and other blood-borne pathogens among IDUs. Previously tried strategies include needle exchange programs and changing laws to allow the legal purchase and possession of syringes. An alternative strategy is to have physicians prescribe syringes to IDUs. To the best of our knowledge, this has previously been tried by only a few physicians in rare situations and never on a programmatic basis. This report describes the genesis of physician's syringe prescription in Rhode Island and some of the lessons learned to date. Because of the illicit nature of drug use, a tremendous amount of mistrust and fear on the part of IDUs often leads to poor interaction with the medical establishment. Prescription of syringes by a physician can serve as a tool for reaching out to a high-risk and often out-of-treatment population of drug users. It is a way for the health care community to tap into drug-using networks and bring those populations into a medical care system.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventive healthcare use, smoking, and alcohol use among Rhode Island women experiencing intimate partner violence.

OBJECTIVE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses major health threats to women, including increased risk for several chronic health conditions. The impact of IPV on use of preventive health services is not well understood. Although several studies indicate that female victims of IPV have higher rates of alcohol abuse, this has not been replicated in population-based studies. The association of IPV with smoking has not been a major research focus. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical and psychological IPV in the past 12 months and preventive healthcare use, smoking, and alcohol use among women. METHODS: Data on 1643 women aged 18-54 from the 1999 Rhode Island Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Logistic regression, controlling for age, race, marital status, education, insurance status, and functional disability, was used to model the associations of IPV with (1) checkups, (2) clinical breast examinations (CBEs), (3) Pap smear screening, (4) cigarette smoking, and (5) high-risk alcohol use. RESULTS: Prevalence of physical IPV was 4.1%. The prevalence of psychological IPV, in the absence of physical IPV was 4.5%. Physical IPV was associated with receiving regular Pap smears odds ratio ([OR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-5.70), current smoking (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.18), and high-risk alcohol use (OR = 4.85, 95% CI 2.02-11.60). Psychological IPV was associated with high-risk alcohol use (OR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.46-7.09). CONCLUSIONS: Women experiencing IPV regularly access preventive healthcare, providing healthcare providers with opportunities to assess and counsel women for IPV in addition to smoking and high-risk alcohol use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperosmolarity and acidosis in diabetes mellitus: a three-year experience in Rhode Island.

OBJECTIVES: Diabetic acidosis (DA) and the diabetic hyperosmolar state (DHS) are generally considered to be two distinct clinical entities. However, clinical experience and the literature suggest that there may be some overlap. The purposes of this study were 1) to establish the proportion of overlap cases, 2) to identify any occurrence of DHS in diabetic patients under the age of 30 years (likely type I) and any occurrence of DA in diabetic patients over the age of 60 years (likely type II), 3) to describe clinical factors associated with the development of DA and DHS, and 4) to identify factors that influence the prognosis of DHS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 613 cases were identified by retrospective chart review, using discharge information from all 15 Rhode Island community hospitals during 1986, 1987, and part of 1988. DA alone [serum glucose (glu) greater than 300 mg/dL, bicarbonate (HCO3) less than 15mEq/L, calculated total serum osmolarity (osm) less than or equal to 320 mOsm/L] was the diagnosis for 134 subjects (22%), DHS alone (glu greater than 600 mg/dL, HCO3 greater than or equal to 15mEq/L, osm greater than 320 mOsm/L), for 278 subjects (45%), and a mixed case (glu greater than 600 mg/dL, HCO3 less than 15 mEq/L, osm greater than 320 mOsm/L), for 200 subjects (33%). Information about serum or urinary ketones was available for 109 subjects who had DA alone [103 had diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)] and 144 subjects who had mixed DA and DHS (131 had mixed DKA and DHS). All the data were also analyzed using the effective osmolarity and a cutoff of 310 mOsm/L for this alternative case definition. RESULTS: Patients with DA alone were younger (mean age 33 years) and patients with DHS alone were older (mean age 63 years). However, 28 (10%) of the 278 cases of DHS alone and 72 (36%) of the 200 cases of mixed DA and DHS occurred in patients under the age of 30. Eighteen cases (13%) of DA alone and 62 cases (31%) of mixed DA and DHS occurred in patients over the age of 60. The results were not substantially changed when effective osmolarity greater than 310 mOsm/L was used to define hyperosmolarity and when only cases with documented DKA were included. An infection was the most common precipitating factor of DA (30%), DHS (27%), and mixed cases (32%). Other common associated factors included noncompliance with treatment (20% for DA, 12% for DHS, and 22% for mixed cases) and previously undiagnosed diabetes (24% for DA, 18% for DHS, and 10% for mixed cases). Nursing home residents accounted for 0.7% of DA cases, 18% of DHS cases, and 4.5% of mixed cases. Mortality was 4% for DA, 12% for DHS, and 9% for mixed cases. The mortality for DHS is the lowest reported in the literature, continuing a downward trend that began in the 1970s. Nonsurvival was associated with older age, higher osmolarity, and nursing home residence. Survival was associated with the presence of an infection. CONCLUSIONS: 1) many patients experience mixed DA (DKA) and DHS rather than either condition alone, 2) both DA (DKA) and DHS occur in young and old diabetic persons, 3) infection is the most common predisposing factor for either condition, and 4) higher osmolarity, older age, and nursing home residence are associated with nonsurvival in DHS.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Genetic control of resistance to subgroup A and subgroup C tumour viruses in Rhode Island Red fowl: evidence for linkage between the tumour virus a (tva) and tumour virus c (tvc) loci.

A study, using the Rhode Island Red (RIR) strain of fowl maintained at Houghton Poultry Research Station, was made to investigate the genetic control of cellular response to infection with viruses of subgroups A and C. Family matings within the RIR strain and test-crosses between the RIR parents and White Leghorn (WL) parents of known ararcrcr genotype were set up to ascertain linkage between the tumour virus a (tva) and tumour virus c (tvc) loci. The results confirmed that in this RIR strain, the two loci, tva and tvc, control the cellular response to viruses of subgroups A and C, respectively, as reported in other breeds of fowl (WL and New Hampshire). As in WL fowl, the two loci are linked. The linkage value of 0-22 in the male sex agreed well with that reported in the WL male sex, indicating that the two loci are located in the same sites in homologous chromosomes in the two breeds. However, in the RIR strain, no sex difference in crossing over between the two linked loci was found, contrary to that reported in WL fowl where the absence of crossing over between the two loci was observed in the heterogametic female sex.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Use of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment to measure motivational readiness to change in psychiatric and dually diagnosed individuals.

In this report, the original 4-factor structure of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA; C. C. DiClemente & S. O. Hughes, 1990) was replicated, and the scale's internal consistency was found to be acceptable in a sample of 120 psychiatric and dually diagnosed inpatient participants, who had participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing standard treatment (ST) and ST plus motivational interviewing. Contrary to the authors' hypotheses, participants classified as having low motivational readiness to change, based on their URICA scores, demonstrated greater treatment adherence than high-readiness participants, in that they attended a greater proportion of therapy groups while hospitalized (54% vs. 39%; p < .05) and clinic appointments during their 1st month postdischarge (77% vs. 53%; p < .05). Low-readiness participants were also more likely to attend all of their scheduled clinic appointments (26%) than were high-readiness participants (10%; p < .05).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence, clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of epiglottitis in a defined population over an 18-year period. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: The state of Rhode Island, 1975 through 1992. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Cases who met predetermined criteria for acute epiglottitis identified from hospital discharges and the State Medical Examiner's log of prehospitalization deaths. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence by year and age, clinical presentation, results of diagnostic evaluations, management, and outcome. RESULTS: Four hundred seven cases were identified, 134 in children and 273 in adults. Incidence in children dropped from 38 cases in the first 3 years of the study to 1 case in the last 3 years (p < 0.001). Adult cases increased from 17 in the first 3 years to 69 in the last 3 years (p < 0.001). Seventy-nine percent of adults and 32% of children were treated without an artificial airway. Factors associated with airway obstruction included symptomatic respiratory difficulty, stridor, drooling, shorter duration of symptoms, enlarged epiglottis on radiograph, and Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia (p < 0.001 for each). Twelve patients died (3 children and 9 adults), with all cases of fatal respiratory obstruction occurring within 12 h of presentation. CONCLUSIONS: There have been significant changes in the clinical epidemiology of epiglottitis, which now occurs almost exclusively in adults, often with less severe symptoms and a lower incidence of H influenzae infection. While careful observation is indicated for all patients, the data suggest that those with certain clinical characteristics can be treated safely without an immediate artificial airway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's Disease: cultural differences in perceived caregiver burden in Guatemala and Rhode Island.

The intent of this study is to illustrate cultural differences in the amount of perceived burden for primary caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's Disease. Caregivers in Guatemala and Rhode Island were given a questionnaire exploring: caregiver well-being, available supports, traditional ideology, and perceived burden. The data indicate that Guatemalans have less institutional and more informal supports available, as compared with USA caregivers. Guatemalan caregivers brought patients to a doctor sooner after the appearance of their first symptoms (0.9+/-1.0 years versus 1.6+/-1.8 years) and had poorer perceived health than USA subjects, suggesting a higher level of caregiver burden. Cultural response bias however may account for the difference in perceived health.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Effects of scavenging on diet selection and performance of Rhode Island red and Fayoumi breeds of chicken offered a choice of energy and protein feeds.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of scavenging on diet selection and the comparative performance of Rhode Island Red and Fayoumi breeds of chicken. The breeds were compared under three feeding/management regimes: (1) a choice of ground noug cake and cracked maize, with confinement; (2) a choice of ground noug cake and cracked maize, but being allowed to scavenge for about 6 h; and (3) a commercial layer mash, with confinement. Scavenging did not change the pattern of diet selection. About 90% of the daily intake of both the confined and scavenging birds under choice feeding comprised maize. The efficiency of feed utilization and nutrient intake were also similar in these groups. The Fayoumi were more efficient in terms of feed conversion, although the egg production performance of the two breeds did not vary significantly. Scavenging hens had a significantly lower egg production than the birds under confinement offered a choice of feeds. Scavenging significantly increased the mortality in both breeds. In conclusion, scavenging affected the performance adversely and, despite the provision of a choice of feed providing a source of energy and protein, both the scavenging and confined birds on choice feeding failed to eat sufficient to meet their protein requirements.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

The predictive validity of the university of rhode island change assessment questionnaire in a heroin-addicted polysubstance abuse sample.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the predictive utility of the stages-of-change scales of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA; E. A. McConnaughy, J. O. Prochaska, & W. F. Velicer, 1983) questionnaire in a heroin-addicted polysubstance-abusing treatment sample. Ninety-six participants completed the URICA at the beginning of a 29-week treatment period that required thrice-weekly urine drug screens. Multivariate multiple regression analysis indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, substance abuse severity, and treatment assignment, the stages-of- change scales added significant variance to the prediction of heroin- and cocaine-free urine samples. The Maintenance scale was positively related to cocaine-free urines and length in treatment. The implications of these findings for treatment and for measuring readiness among individuals using multiple substances while taking maintenance medications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Serologic and molecular detection of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Rhode Island.

A new indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) assay with antigen produced in vitro in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 was used to identify the first recognized case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Rhode Island. This IFA assay was used to detect granulocytic ehrlichiae in white-footed mice and in a dog inhabiting the area surrounding the patient's residence. Host-seeking Ixodes scapularis ticks found in the same habitat also were infected. I. scapularis ticks collected from other locations were fed on dogs and New Zealand White rabbits to assess the competency of these species as hosts of granulocytotropic Ehrlichia. Tick-induced infections of dogs were confirmed by serologic testing, tissue culture isolation, and PCR amplification, whereas several rabbits seroconverted but were PCR and culture negative. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA sequencing of the PCR products or culture isolation was used to confirm granulocytic Ehrlichia infections in humans, dogs, white-footed mice, and ticks.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Efficiency of utilisation of energy from maize- and broken rice-based diets in old White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red laying hens.

1. The efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy (ME) for maintenance (k(m)) from diets containing maize and broken rice (BR) at 500 g/kg was studied in old White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) laying hens using the respiration calorimetry technique. The maize-based diet contained 180.8 g crude protein (CP)/kg and 16.4 MJ gross energy (GE)/kg while the BR-based diet contained 173.2 g CP/kg and 16.3 MJ GE/kg. Diets were fed for 10 d, while an energy and nitrogen metabolism study was conducted during 3 d on an ad libitum-fed diet followed by another 3 d on two-thirds of the ad libitum-fed quantity. 2. ME values for the maize- and BR-based diets for WL hens were 73.3% and 77.6% of the GE, whereas for the RIR hens these were 77.7% and 80.0%, respectively. 3. Fasting heat productions, determined at the end of 24 h fast for WL and RIR hens were 473.2 and 366.1 kJ/kg W0.75/d, respectively. During fasting WL and RIR hens utilised body energy reserves with efficiencies of 84.9% and 73.7%, respectively. 4. The k(m) of maize- and BR-based diets for the WL hens were 81.6% and 79.6%, whereas for the RIR hens these were 74.2% and 76.0%, respectively. 5. ME for maintenance of WL and RIR hens were 589 and 499.6 kJ/kg W0.75/d, respectively. 6. It is concluded that although WL and RIR hens differ significantly in energy metabolism, their efficiency of utilisation of energy from maize- and BR-based diets are similar.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Relationship between microsatellite marker alleles on chromosomes 1-5 originating from the Rhode Island Red and Green-legged Partrigenous breeds and egg production and quality traits in F(2) mapping population.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the origin of marker alleles from the Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Green-legged Partrigenous (GlP) breeds and chosen egg production and quality traits in F(2) generation consisting of 10 full-sib families. Polymorphism analysis of 23 microsatellite markers within the mapping population (519 F(2)) was made. In parental generation 17 alleles were identified as specific for the GlP and 23 for the RIR. The least squares method was used to evaluate the significance of effects of genotype (GlP/GlP, RIR/RIR, GlP/RIR) on the analysed quantitative traits. Thirty traits of egg production and quality were measured during the laying period. It was shown that the effects of the genotype (GlP/GlP, RIR/RIR, GlP/RIR) at the loci on analysed traits of F(2) animals were diversified. Significant effects were found for 16 traits. These results confirm that the analysed microsatellite loci may be linked to the genes affecting egg production and quality traits. The loci examined and the experimental population constitutes a valuable material for QTL mapping (linkage analysis).

Alleles↗