[The prevention of reproductive disorders in women after surgical interventions on the fallopian tubes].
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Adult↗
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Results for “Reproductive disorders”
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Aerobic bacteria occurring in the vagina of bitches with reproductive disorders.
A retrospective survey was performed of aerobic bacterial species found in the vagina of 203 bitches with genital disorders, e.g. infertility, vaginitis, pyometra and puppy death. Escherichia coli, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus intermedius and Pasteurella multocida were the species most often isolated. From bitches with pyometra E. coli in pure culture was the most frequent isolate. In contrast, the majority of infertile bitches gave rise to mixed cultures, and no specific bacterial species was consistently associated with infertility. Thus, bacterial sampling from infertile bitches was concluded to be of low diagnostic value. Bacterial species isolated from the bitches having vaginitis were present in pure culture in 26.9% of the samples while nonspecific mixed cultures were obtained from 34.6% of the samples from these bitches. E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacterial species from bitches with dead puppies. However, in such cases it is important to relate the vaginal bacterial findings to autopsy findings and the results of bacteriological cultures of the pups.
Animals↗
Hyperprolactinemia and reproductive disorders--a profile from north east.
Serum prolactin was estimated in 90 women of various menstrual disorders and infertility. Hyperprolactinemia (PRL 25 ng/ml) was detected in twenty four cases. Out of these, nine had prolactinoma, four had hypothyroidism, three had drug induced HPRL and in eight, no cause could be ascertained. Five patients with prolactinoma became pregnant following bromocryptine treatment and delivered normal babies.
Bromocriptine↗
[Human chromosome polymorphism and disordered reproductive function. II. C-variant chromosomes].
C-stained polymorphic variants of chromosomes 1, 9, 13--16, 21, 22 and Y were studied in married couples with reproductive failure (200 individuals) and in control couples having normal children and no spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. Location of heterochromatic segments, their size and heteromorphism of homologues were estimated. The individuals with reproductive failure were carriers of variants of chromosomes 9 and acrocentrics with higher content of heterochromatic material as well as with heterochromatic chromosome 9 significantly more frequently as compared with control individuals.
Abortion, Habitual↗
[Relation between smoking in reproductive-age women and disorders in reproduction].
In a retrospective anamnestic study a total of 3180 women teachers from primary schools in seven districts of the Czech Republic with a different incidence of statistically recorded reproductive disorders were examined. A professionally and socially homogeneous group was selected on purpose to standardize to a maximum extent exposure to detectable and undetectable risk factors and confounding factors in the working environment and living conditions. The respondents were classified according to their statements on smoking habits up to the age of 45 years, which was taken as the reproductive period. Although the majority of smokers belonged into the group of mild smokers with a mean consumption of 10 cigarettes per day, in this group significantly more frequent heavy menstrual bleeding, early and spontaneous abortions, deliveries of premature infants and infants born in term but with a low birthweight were recorded. Smokers had significantly more often induced abortions of unwanted pregnancies in the case-history as compared with non-smokers. After elimination of women who by the time of the survey had never been pregnant yet, heavy smokers, as compared with non-smokers had a more than twofold risk as regards difficulty to become pregnant, of spontaneous abortions, deliveries of premature infants: there was an almost double risk of delivery of a low birthweight infant even among medium heavy smokers.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
A screening library for peptide activated G-protein coupled receptors. 1. The test set.
One subset of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily is that which is activated by a peptide carrying an obligatory positively charged residue (GPCR-PA(+)). This subclass is exemplified by receptors for melanocortins, GnRH, galanin, MCH, orexin, and some chemokine receptors variously involved in eating disorders, reproductive disorders, pain, narcolepsy, obesity, and inflammation. Using the methods described in this study, a region of chemical property space enriched in GPCR ligands was identified. This information was used to design and synthesize a "test" library of 2025 single, pure compounds to sample portions of this property space associated with GPCR-PA(+) ligands. The library was evaluated by high-throughput screening against three different receptors, rMCH, hMC4, and hGnRH, and found to be highly enriched in active ligands (4.5-61-fold) compared to a control set of 2024 randomly selected compounds. In addition, the analysis suggested that about 7000 compounds will be necessary to complete the sampling of this GPCR-PA(+) ligand-rich region and to better define its borders.
Animals↗
The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats.
Obesity is defined as an accumulation of excessive amounts of adipose tissue in the body, and is the most common nutritional disorder in companion animals. Obesity is usually the result of either excessive dietary intake or inadequate energy utilization, which causes a state of positive energy balance. Numerous factors may predispose an individual to obesity including genetics, the amount of physical activity, and the energy content of the diet. The main medical concern of obesity relates to the many disease associations that accompany the adiposity. Numerous studies demonstrated that obesity can have detrimental effects on the health and longevity of dogs and cats. The problems to which obese companion animals may be predisposed include orthopedic disease, diabetes mellitus, abnormalities in circulating lipid profiles, cardiorespiratory disease, urinary disorders, reproductive disorders, neoplasia (mammary tumors, transitional cell carcinoma), dermatological diseases, and anesthetic complications. The main therapeutic options for obesity in companion animals include dietary management and increasing physical activity. Although no pharmaceutical compounds are yet licensed for weight loss in dogs and cats, it is envisaged that such agents will be available in the future. Dietary therapy forms the cornerstone of weight management in dogs and cats, but increasing exercise and behavioral management form useful adjuncts. There is a need to increase the awareness of companion animal obesity as a serious medical concern within the veterinary profession.
Animals↗
[Cardiac syndrome in females with systemic undifferentiated dysplasia of the connective tissue].
The trial enrolled 119 women with systemic undifferentiated dysplasia of the connective tissue (DCT) aged 14-39 years; 86.6% of them had asthenic constitution. Ultrasound most frequently found prolapse of mitral cusps and accessory chord as in the left ventricle. Use of chest x-ray, echocardiography, ECG 24-h monitoring and transesophageal pacing discovered combination of heart dislocation, changed intracardiac structures, disturbed rhythm and conduction in 87 examinees. This provided the diagnosis of dysplastic heart syndrome. Multiple significant correlations between echocardiometric parameters, hormonal indices, neuroendocrine disorders, reproductive disorders point to close relations between cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems in women with DCT.
Adolescent↗
Eating disorders and reproduction.
Eating disorders are common and characteristically affect young women at what would otherwise be their peak of reproductive functioning. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa impinge on reproduction both behaviourally and physiologically, with effects on menstruation, ovarian function, fertility, sexuality and pregnancy. This review presents a summary of current knowledge and makes suggestions for future research, along with some clinical recommendations for the management of eating disorders in pregnancy.
Amenorrhea↗
Genetic basis of human reproductive endocrine disorders.
Disturbed human reproductive function may be caused by environmental and/or genetic factors. Much information related to single gene defects underlying reproductive failure has become available in recent years due to advances in molecular biology. In this review, techniques currently applied for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis are addressed. We also highlight underlying molecular mechanisms and the corresponding clinical presentation of single gene defects affecting (i) the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in disturbed gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron migration, or leading to defective gonadotrophins, gonadotrophin receptors and the Gs alpha protein; (ii) gonadal and adrenal steroid biosynthesis and (iii) steroid and insulin receptors. The potential genetic basis of polycystic ovary syndrome is also discussed. Although disease states caused by well-defined genetic abnormalities appear to represent only a small proportion of those found in the patient population, it should be considered that these affected individuals represent only the most severe cases in a wide spectrum of genetic abnormalities underlying disturbed fertility. Comprehension of these extreme cases will provide the basis for the elucidation of more common reproductive disorders as the result of subtle genetic changes or increased susceptibility to environmental factors.
Endocrine System Diseases↗
The association of perimenopausal mood disorders with other reproductive-related disorders.
Data regarding the increased incidence of psychiatric illness during midlife in women are still conflicting. However, there is a growing consensus that certain groups of women may in fact be at higher risk for mood symptoms and psychiatric disorders during the perimenopausal transition. Mood symptoms during the perimenopause may be related to mood disorders during other periods of hormonal fluctuation throughout a woman's reproductive lifecycle. Elucidating these associations may advance the understanding of mood disorders during the perimenopausal transition. The epidemiology and treatment of perimenopausal mood symptoms compared with the epidemiology and treatment of mood disorders during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and postpartum. Common risk factors associated with mood disorders during these periods of hormonal changes or instability include poor lifestyle habits, a history of hormonally related mood disorders, stress and negative life events, ethnicity, and comorbidity. Reproductive-related mood disorders also are subject to an improvement in symptoms in response to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. As the morbidity associated with mood disorders during midlife may be quite significant, and as life expectancy continues to increase, recognition, prevention, and treatment of perimenopausal affective illness is becoming increasingly essential.
Major Depressive Disorder↗
Factors affecting reproductive performance of dairy cows.
We conducted two studies to determine how herd management practices and traits of individual cows affect performance of the herd and of the cow within a herd. Management practices, reproductive performance of the herd, and relationships between management and reproductive performance were characterized on 83 dairy farms with 7596 cows. Data included 21 management variables (e.g., facilities, herd health program, estrous detection program) and 8 performance variables obtained from Dairy Herd Improvement or unofficial records (e.g., size of herd, production, days open). Although varying among herds, annual average herd incidences of reproductive disorders and reproductive performance were similar to those reported. Managerial practices influenced incidences of retained placenta and uterine infection, days open of cows not bred and of all cows, services per conception, and percentages of herd open more than 100 days and culled for low production. Veterinarian was the most consistent variable influencing herd reproductive performance. Data also were collected from production and lifetime records of 2532 cows in 19 herds. Reproductive performance was affected by season of calving, production, maturity, and reproductive disorders. Several cows with extremely poor reproductive records were maintained.
Animal Husbandry↗
A hypothesis to integrate partial seizures of temporal lobe origin and reproductive endocrine disorders.
Recent demonstrations of an association between reproductive endocrine disorders and partial seizures of temporal lobe origin (TLE) have led to the following hypothesis: (1) TLE may promote the development of reproductive endocrine disorders, (2) reproductive endocrine disorders may promote the development of epileptic discharges, and (3) TLE and associated reproductive endocrine disorders may represent the parallel effects of prenatal factors which are common to the development of both the brain and the reproductive system. This article focuses on clinical and animal investigative data that form the basis of this hypothesis.
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe↗
Drugs and hormones used to treat pediatric and adolescent reproductive endocrine disorders.
Pediatric and adolescent reproductive endocrine disorders represent a myriad of diseases including cryptorchidism, male and female sex steroid deficiencies, precocious puberty, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. While there are many traditional therapeutic interventions, some disorders now benefit from new medications or formulations. In this article, we review the most commonly used pharmacological therapies for these disorders and discuss treatment controversies and toxicities.
Adolescent↗
Mood disorders and the reproductive cycle: affective disorders during the menopause and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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Female↗
Characterization of reproductive endocrine disorders in women with epilepsy.
An increased frequency of reproductive endocrine disorders has been reported in women with epilepsy. A possible role of the seizure disorder or, alternatively, of the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has been suggested as the pathogenic mechanism. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of reproductive endocrine disorders in a series of women with epilepsy, examining the possible relationships of these disturbances with different epilepsy syndromes and AED treatment. Fifty epileptic women, all of reproductive age and none pubertal, pregnant, or lactating, were submitted to clinical endocrinological evaluation, hormonal assessment, and ovarian ultrasonography. Subjects with abnormal findings in this preliminary study underwent additional evaluations. Reproductive endocrine disorders were diagnosed in 16 (32%), consisting of polycystic ovary syndrome in 13, hypothalamic amenorrhea in 2, and luteal phase deficiency in 1. There was no significant association of these disturbances with epilepsy type or AED treatment. Patients with reproductive endocrine disorders often showed delayed ovulation with shortened luteal phase. The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of disordered ovulation, in particular polycystic ovary syndrome, is increased in epilepsy, independent of antiepileptic medications or type of seizure disorder.
Adolescent↗
Use of health services for disorders of the female reproductive system: United States, 1977-78.
Using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Discharge Survey, statistics are presented on visits to office-based physicians for care and treatment of female reproductive disorders and on patients discharged from short-stay hospitals with related surgery. Visits are described in terms of patient, physician, and clinical characteristics. Breast and gynecological surgery is shown in terms of associated diagnoses and is charted for 1970-78.
Adolescent↗
Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS): predictors of men's help-seeking behaviour for reproductive health disorders.
OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic factors associated with help-seeking behaviour for reproductive health disorders in middle-aged and older Australian men. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-based, computer-assisted telephone interview exploring sociodemographic factors and general and reproductive health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Analysis of data from the Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS) of 5990 Australian men aged 40 years and older interviewed between September and December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported diagnosis of prostate disease and erectile dysfunction (ED), help-seeking behaviour (including visiting a doctor, prostate-specific antigen testing, treatment of prostate disease, speaking to a health professional about ED and treatment of ED). RESULTS: Age was a significant predictor of all help-seeking behaviour studied, other than treatment for ED. Controlling for all predictor variables, never-married status predicted a lower likelihood of visiting a doctor (odds ratio [OR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.48-0.97]) or speaking to a health professional about ED (OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.21-0.93]), while divorced/separated status predicted lower likelihood of having a prostate-specific antigen test (OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.50-0.79]). Living in a regional or remote area or being from a non-English-speaking background predicted lower likelihood of receiving treatment for ED (ORs, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.42-0.92] and 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24-0.72], respectively), but did not influence screening for prostate disease. CONCLUSION: Seeking advice or treatment for male reproductive health disorders is predicted by sociodemographic factors specific to different reproductive health problems. As middle-aged and older men do attend doctors, opportunities exist for health professionals to optimise their consultations by routinely discussing reproductive health with all men, to identify under-reported male reproductive health disorders.
Adult↗