Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Reproductive History”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Lactation and reproductive histories of breast cancer patients in Tokyo, Japan.

Epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer have been studied in Tokyo, an area of relatively low breast cancer rates, as part of an international collaborative study. Breast feeding of infants is customary for Japanese women, but even very prolonged lactation did not appear to be associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk. Late age at menarche and early age at first pregnancy were both associated with reduced breast cancer risk. The protective effect of early pregnancy seems much greater than has previously been recognized, and may indeed be greater in Japan than in other areas. However, the average age at first pregnancy is not lower in Tokyo than in areas than in areas where breast cancer rates are high.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Breast cancer and reproductive history from genealogical data.

With the use of data from the Utah State Cancer Registry and Utah genealogical data, an analysis of 236 breast cancer patients and 937 controls matched on year of birth showed that a late age at the birth of the first child was most strongly associated with incidence of breast cancer (relative odds = 2.0; P less than 0.001). A strong interaction was found between age at first delivery (AFD) and age at last delivery (ALD). The association of AFD with breast cancer incidence was strongest for women with an ALD before 35 years of age even after adjustment for partly (relative odds = 4.1; P less than 0.001). Decreased parity was not significantly associated with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Perfluoroalkyl compounds in relation to life-history and reproductive parameters in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay, Florida, U.S.A.

Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in plasma, milk, and urine of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay (FL, USA) during three winter and two summer capture-and-release programs (2002-2005). Plasma and urine samples were extracted using an ion-pairing method. Perfluoroalkyl compounds were extracted from milk samples using acetonitrile, and extracts were cleaned with graphitized nonporous carbon. All extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mean seasonal sum of PFCs (sigma PFCs) detected in dolphin plasma ranged from 530 to 927 ng/g wet weight. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in concentrations between seasons, suggesting a constant exposure to PFCs. Overall, blubber thickness of dolphins did not correlate with PFC concentrations in plasma, suggesting an absence of PFC sequestration in blubber. Sexually immature calves (age, <10 years; mean sigma PFCs, 1,410 +/- 780 ng/ g wet wt) were significantly more contaminated (p < 0.001) than their mothers (mean sigma PFCs, 366 +/- 351 ng/g wet wt). The reproductive history of females had a significant role in the burden of PFC contamination; PFC concentrations in nulliparous females (females that have not been observed with calves) were significantly greater than those detected in uniparous females (females that have been observed with one calf), suggesting an off-loading of PFCs during or after parturition. To investigate this hypothesis, PFCs were analyzed in milk samples (n=10; mean sigma PFCs, 134 +/- 76.1 ng/g wet wt), confirming a maternal transfer of PFCs through lactation in dolphins. Results from the present study showed that young and developing bottlenose dolphins are highly exposed to PFCs. These chemicals also were detected in urine (mean sigma PFCs, 26.6 +/- 79 ng/g wet wt), indicating that the urinary system is an important pathway of PFC depuration in dolphins.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Determinants of ovarian cancer risk. I. Reproductive experiences and family history.

Reproductive experiences and family history were assessed in 215 white females with epithelial ovarian cancer and in 215 control women matched by age, race, and residence. Pregnancy exerted a strong protective effect against ovarian cancer, which increased with the number of live-born children. After adjustment for parity, an effect of age at first live birth and breast-feeding was not apparent. Menstrual events did not differ significantly between cases and controls, although cases were more likely to have had an earlier menopause and less likely to have had a surgical menopause. Women with ovarian cancer had more frequently used menopausal hormones in cyclic fashion compared to controls. Regarding family history, women with ovarian cancer more frequently reported consanguinity in their ancestry and a highly frequency of primary relatives with cancer of the colon, lung, ovary, and prostate gland.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed2000

Risk factors among young women with endometrial cancer: a Danish case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to identify and quantify risk factors for endometrial cancer among young women. STUDY DESIGN: This case-control study included all Danish women <50 years old who had endometrial cancer diagnosed during the period 1987 to 1994. A total of 237 case patients and 538 population control subjects matched with the case patients for age and residence were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Women with a family history of endometrial cancer had an odds ratio for endometrial cancer of 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.8)). Completion of 1 term pregnancy implied an odds ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.3-1.1). The risk of endometrial cancer decreased significantly with increasing age at first birth and with the number of induced abortions. Use of oral contraceptives for 1 to 5 years decreased the risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.3). The odds ratio for endometrial cancer among women who received hormone replacement therapy for 1 to 5 years was 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-7.0). Body mass index was not demonstrated to be an independent risk factor in this study. The protective impacts of the different exposures (risk factors) can be expressed as etiologic fractions, which indicate how much each exposure reduces the occurrence of endometrial cancer compared with a situation without the existence of that particular exposure. These fractions were as follows: oral contraceptive use for > or =1 year, -45%; 2 term pregnancies, -88%; age > or =30 y when giving birth for the first time, -38%; and a history of incomplete pregnancy, -16%. CONCLUSION: A number of risk factors for endometrial cancer are common to premenopausal and postmenopausal women: family history, reproductive history, hormone replacement therapy, and the use of oral contraceptives. Among young women reproductive variables imply the greatest prophylactic potential.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1999

Issues of regret in women with contralateral prophylactic mastectomies.

BACKGROUND: Patients with a history of carcinoma of one breast have an estimated risk of 0.5% to 0.75% per year of developing a contralateral breast cancer. This risk prompts many women to consider contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) as a preventive measure. Virtually nothing is known about patient acceptance following CPM. We have developed a National Prophylactic Mastectomy Registry comprised of a volunteer population of 817 women from 43 states who have undergone prophylactic (unilateral or bilateral) mastectomy. METHODS: Of the 346 women with CPM who responded to national notices, 296 women returned detailed questionnaires. The information obtained included patient demographics, family history, reproductive history, ipsilateral breast cancer staging and treatment, as well as issues involving the CPM. RESULTS: At median follow-up of 4.9 years, the respondents were primarily married (79%), white (97%) women who had some level of college education or above (81%). These women cited the following reasons for choosing CPM: (1) physician advice regarding the high risk of developing contralateral breast cancer (30%); (2) fear of developing more breast cancer (14%); (3) desire for cosmetic symmetry (10%); (4) family history (7%); (5) fibrocystic breast disease (4%); (6) a combination of all of these reasons (32%); (7) other (2%); and (8) unknown (1%). Eighteen of the 296 women (6%) expressed regrets regarding their decision to undergo CPM. Unlike women with bilateral prophylactic mastectomies, regrets tended to be less common in the women with whom the discussion of CPM had been initiated by their physician (5%) than in the women who had initiated the discussion themselves (8%) (P = ns). Family history and stage of index lesion had no impact on regret status. The reasons for regret included: (1) poor cosmetic result, either of the CPM or of the reconstruction (39%); (2) diminished sense of sexuality (22%); (3) lack of education regarding alternative surveillance methods or CPM efficacy (22%); and (4) other reasons (17%). CONCLUSIONS: To minimize the risk of regrets in women contemplating CPM, it is imperative that these women be counseled regarding an estimation of contralateral breast cancer risk, the alternatives to CPM, and the efficacy of CPM. In addition, these women should have realistic expectations of the cosmetic outcomes of surgery and understand the potential impact on their body image.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Association of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations in post-menopausal Japanese women.

OBJECTIVES: Positive association between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been observed in men but not women. We aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationships of DHEAS, estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to serum lipid concentrations in post-menopausal Japanese women. METHODS: A total of 56 post-menopausal Japanese women were derived from female residents in Takayama City in Japan. The information on body size, disease history, reproductive history, diet, and physical activity were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: DHEAS was significantly and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.28). There was no correlation between DHEAS and total-cholesterol (r = -0.02). E2 was not significantly correlated with total- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. However, SHBG-unbound E2 was significantly positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.34) and negatively correlated with triglyceride (r = -0.27) after controlling for age and BMI. SHBG was negatively correlated with triglyceride, although the correlation was not statistically significant (r = -0.22). CONCLUSION: These data suggest favorable effect of DHEAS as well as E2 and SHBG on lipid profile in Japanese post-menopausal women.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1994

Shingles, allergies, family medical history, oral contraceptives, and other potential risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus.

The authors undertook a case-control study to explore the many factors that have been postulated to be related to the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. A total of 195 cases of systemic lupus diagnosed in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, metropolitan area between 1985 and 1987 were compared with 143 controls, friends of the cases matched to them according to age (+/- 5 years) and sex. Through personal interviews and chart reviews, data were collected on demographic factors, personal and familial medical history, reproductive history, medication history, and environmental exposures. Associations were found between systemic lupus erythematosus and having a family history of autoimmune disease (age-, sex-, and race-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.6), a history of shingles (adjusted OR = 6.4, 95% CI 1.4-28.0), a history of hives (adjusted OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0), and a history of medication allergies (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.5). No association was present between systemic lupus erythematosus and either any use or recent use of oral contraceptives (e.g., OR = 0.6 (95% CI 0.2-1.4) for use in the 3 years prior to diagnosis), family history of multiple other diseases, or a history of numerous other infections or various other types of allergies. Thus, these data indicate that systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with a family history of autoimmune diseases, a history of shingles, and a history of allergies. In contrast, if the development of systemic lupus is affected by use of oral contraceptives, this effect must be extremely modest. These findings may help clarify the possible pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and they provide clues as to when the presence of systemic lupus should be suspected.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Life-long physical activity and cancer risk among Finnish female teachers.

This cohort study on Finnish female teachers of physical education (PE) and languages (L) was performed as an attempt to evaluate the importance of physical activity as a risk determinant of cancer, PE representing a physically active and L a less active subcohort. All the PE and L teachers graduating from 1920 onwards were obtained from four registers compiled from 1958-73 supplemented by an extension cohort drawn from the union membership register 1984-91 (in total 1,499 PE and 8,619 L teachers). Results of a questionnaire to representative samples of L and PE teachers did not reveal any major intergroup differences in social status, general health status, nutrition, maturation history, reproductive history, consumption of alcohol, smoking, or diet. However, the PE teachers reported higher life-long physical activity values than the L teachers. During the follow-up period 1967-91, the number of cancer cases totalled 108 for the PE and 513 for the L teachers. Expected numbers of cancer cases were calculated on the basis of national incidence figures, and the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were defined as ratios of observed and expected numbers of cases. The SIR for total cancers was 1.1 for the PE and 1.2 for the L teachers. In both teacher groups the SIRs for cancers of the breast, endometrium, ovary and colon were similarly elevated and the SIR for cervical cancer was reduced. There was an increased SIR for lung cancer (1.4) and skin melanoma (2.0) in the PE but not in the L teachers (0.5 and 0.9, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors, nature and severity of domestic violence among women attending antenatal clinic in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, types, severity and risk factors for domestic violence among women attending antenatal clinic. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: The antenatal clinic, Mulago Hospital, the national referral hospital, Kampala, Uganda. SUBJECTS: Pregnant women (n = 379) attending the antenatal clinic, on their index visit. METHODS: Interviewer-administered pre-coded questionnaires about history of domestic violence during the index pregnancy (prevalence, nature, severity, and associated factors from socio-demographic history, reproductive history, childhood history and domicile); during the previous one year prior to the interview, or beyond the previous year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: History of domestic violence and its severity, type, risk factors and associated factors in the index pregnancy or prior to it. RESULTS: Over 57% of the subjects reported moderate-to-severe abuse due to domestic violence. Abuse in childhood and witnessing abuse in childhood were significantly associated with domestic violence in index pregnancy (p = 0.000). Staying with co-wife, adolescent pregnancy and the first pregnancy were significantly associated with domestic violence. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic violence is common in pregnancy at Mulago; is moderate to severe and physical abuse is often associated with both sexual and psychological abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Osteoporosis risk factors in rural and urban women from the Lublin Region of Poland.

In various epidemiological and clinical studies, bone quality, bone mineral density (BMD), as well as risk of falling have been associated with lifestyle and anthropometric/demographic characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteoporosis risk factors occurrence and its association with BMD in rural and urban women from the Lublin Region in Poland. A cross-sectional study of risk factors of osteoporosis and fracture was carried out in a cohort of 900 rural and urban women aged 30-79 years, representative of the general population the Lublin Region. Data pertaining to osteoporosis risk factors as well as medical history were taken using a specially designed 31 item questionnaire divided in seven sections: social history, past medical history, reproductive history, drug history, family history of osteoporosis, nutritional habits and lifestyle factors. The lumbar spine (L(2)-L(4)) was examined in a-p position using the dual X-ray absorptiometry- DXA (LUNAR Corp.). The differences between urban and rural women in the appearance of particular osteoporosis risk factors, such as gynecological, dietary calcium intake, smoking and coffee consumption, was noticeable. Age, years of menopause and family history of osteoporosis (in mothers) were found to have strong negative independent associations with lumbar spine BMD. Body Mass Index (BMI) was found to have strong positive association with BMD. Dietary calcium intake, coffee consumption and level of physical activity had noticeable positive and independent, but not significant association with BMD.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

The beneficial effects of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy support extensive clinical application.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for aneuploidy on 193 patients who subsequently achieved 208 clinical pregnancies, in relation to their reproductive history. The 208 clinical pregnancies included in the study resulted from 1029 assisted conception cycles in combination with PGD for aneuploidy in 740 couples with a history of poor reproductive performance. According to the reproductive history of the 193 patients, 61 had previously experienced 112 pregnancies with 105 abortions and seven deliveries, corresponding to 3.6% take-home baby rate and 10.9% implantation rate. During the PGD cycle, preimplantation embryos were analysed for 5-9 chromosomes. The transfer of euploid embryos was performed in 699 cycles (68% of oocyte retrievals), generating 171 term pregnancies with 210 infants born, whereas 34 aborted spontaneously and three were ectopic, giving a take-home baby rate per pregnant patient of 88.6% and an ongoing implantation rate per pregnant patient of 53.2%. According to these data, selection made in preimplantation embryos against chromosomal abnormalities is associated with a significantly higher (P < 0.001) take-home baby rate when compared with the previous reproductive history of the parents.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Autoantibodies to laminin and other basement membrane proteins in sera from monkeys with histories of reproductive failure identified by cultures of whole rat embryos.

Head-fold-stage rat embryos cultured on sera taken from monkeys with histories of reproductive failure had an abnormality frequency of 97% compared with only 7% on sera taken from monkeys with excellent reproductive histories. For a group of these poor reproducers, the toxicity of their sera was associated with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction. These IgG fractions bound to Reichert's membrane and other basement membranes of the embryo. For one monkey, the IgG specifically reacted with a 41 kDa polypeptide of Reichert's membrane, while for two others binding was to laminin, type IV collagen, and several other minor polypeptides of Reichert's membrane. For serum from one monkey, the toxicity to cultured rat embryos was eliminated by absorption with laminin but not type IV collagen.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2004

Reproductive health history of lesbians: implications for care.

OBJECTIVE: Parity and hormonal contraceptives modify the risk of reproductive cancers and cardiovascular disease. However, clinicians may not obtain reproductive histories from patients who self-identify as lesbian. We report lifetime pregnancy-related outcomes and hormonal contraception for 392 women who reported sexual activity with another woman in the preceding year. STUDY DESIGN: Among self-referred volunteers, previous pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, contraceptive use, and sexual identity were assessed with self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: One in 4 subjects had been pregnant, and more than 50% of the women had used oral contraceptives (mean duration, 40 months). Sixteen percent of all subjects and 63% of those who had been pregnant previously reported having 1 or more induced abortions. The most common pregnancy outcome for women younger than 25 years was induced abortion (59% of pregnancies). Identifying as "lesbian" or "bisexual" predicted neither the duration of oral contraceptive use nor a report of induced abortion. CONCLUSION: Previous pregnancy, induced abortion, and hormonal contraceptive use are common among women who report sex with women, regardless of self-identification as lesbian.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

A case-control study of breast cancer among Japanese women: with special reference to family history and reproductive and dietary factors.

To study the effects of family history and reproductive, anthropometric, and dietary factors on the risk of breast cancer among low risk populations, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study involving 908 patients with breast cancer and their matched controls, in Japan. A positive family history of breast cancer significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.14-2.03). The risk further increased with increasing number of family members affected. Obesity, single marital status, fewer births, a late childbirth, and less consumption of green-yellow vegetables and dairy products were also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These associations were independent in multivariate analyses. There was no increase in risk associated with consumption of high fat foods. When analyzed by menopausal status, the association with family history of breast cancer, especially in the first degree of relatives, was more evident for premenopausal breast cancer. The associations with obesity and lower consumption of dairy products were more pronounced for postmenopausal breast cancer, while those with lower parity and single marital status were stronger for premenopausal breast cancer.

Adult↗