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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A temporally detailed reanalysis of the conditional heart rate response in dog.

We used rapid (500 Hz) digital sampling to derive a detailed analysis of the HR conditional response in dog (n = 11) to a 30-sec tone (CS+) followed by a 1/2-sec shock. We found an initial bradycardia at 1.5 +/- 1.0 sec in 6 of 11 dogs from a pre-CS+ control of 85 +/- 26 bpm (mean +/- SD) to 74 +/- 25 bpm (p less than 0.05). In 9 of the 11 dogs there was a subsequent rapid (19.9 +/- 6.7 bpm/sec) increase (+26 +/- 10 bpm) in HR lasting from 1.3 +/- 0.9 to 2.7 +/- 1.0 sec. This was followed by a second, larger (+41 +/- 16, p less than 0.05), but slower (4.0 +/- 2.4 bpm/sec, p less than 0.05) tachycardia which lasted from 4.9 +/- 1.0 to 13.5 +/- 2.6 sec. The peak HR (131 +/- 27 bpm) was attained at 15.0 +/- 3.8 sec, after which HR fell slowly (-2.4 +/- 1.4 bpm/sec) to an average of 92 +/- 29 bpm at 28.6 +/- 1.4 sec (i.e., approximately 1.4 sec prior to shock delivery). This analysis revealed trends in the conditional HR response which were not discernible in individual trials and were obscured in the more traditional analyses of the conditional HR response.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The health effects of air pollution: a reanalysis.

"Using a newly assembled data base, [the authors] explore the relationship between mortality and measures of sulfates and suspended particulates in 96 cities, counties, and metropolitan areas (SMSAs) of the United States. The data fit the previously estimated Lave-Seskin model and [the authors] cannot reject the null hypothesis of identical air-pollution coefficients in 1960, 1969, and 1974 cross sections." The findings show that "a strong, consistent, and statistically significant association between sulfates and mortality persists. The association is changed little by adding variables for smoking and alcohol consumption, by using a generalized least-squares estimator instead of OLS, by using city or county instead of SMSA data, or by adding medical care and nutrition variables and using a simultaneous equation framework. These results can be used to support stringent abatement of sulfur-oxides air pollution."

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

The genetics of neurotic-reactive depression: a reanalysis of Shapiro's (1970) twin study using diagnostic criteria.

The present study explored the role of genetic factors in the development of neurotic depression. Case studies of 16 monozygotic (MZ) and 14 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins from Robert Shapiro's 1970 study of non-endogenous depression were rediagnosed by two raters blind to the zygosity and identity of each twin. Diagnoses were made using Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and George Winokur's 1985 criteria for neurotic-reactive depression. When neurotic depression was operationally defined using Winokur's criteria plus RDC major or definite minor depression, the concordance rate for MZ twins was significantly greater than that for DZ twins. Our results contrast with Shapiro's negative findings, probably due to our use of formal diagnostic criteria and Shapiro's requirement that cotwins be hospitalized to be considered concordant. The present results suggest that genetic factors play a role in the etiology of at least some forms of neurotic depression.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Life stress, social support and clinical depression: a reanalysis of the literature.

In recent years, theorists and researchers have disagreed about the relationship between social support and mental health. Some believe that support is a direct provoking agent (i.e. lack of support constitutes strain), whereas others maintain that support is a vulnerability factor moderating the effect of life stress. Focusing on clinical depression, the article reviews the arguments and evidence supporting a strain hypothesis of social support versus a vulnerability hypothesis. Reanalyzing cross-classified data from 12 community studies of clinical depression, the study shows that the choice of model depends on the specification of functional form of the stress-clinical depression relationship. The linear probability specification suggests a vulnerability hypothesis, whereas the logit and probit specifications support a strain hypothesis. However, theoretical and statistical arguments tend to favor a logit or probit specification, and an additional analysis of data from Brown and Harris [Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women. The Free Press, New York, 1978] supports these arguments. Thus, the study concludes that the strain hypothesis of social support is more consistent with the available data.

Depression↗
PubMed1982

A reanalysis of the ventrolateral input in slow and fast pyramidal tract neurons of the cat motor cortex.

In deeply anesthetized cats the temporal characteristics of ventro-lateral (thalamic) excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) induced in pyramidal tract cells were studied with an averaging technique. Stimulation of the ventrolateral thalamus induced EPSPs in all pyramidal tract neurons at latencies of 1-5 ms. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the latency and rise time of stimulation-induced EPSPs and the latency of antidromic invasions of pyramidal tract neurons. In response to two closely spaced shocks the second EPSP had the same latency and amplitude as the first one in both slow and fast pyramidal tract neurons. Moreover, the span of antidromic latencies of ventrolateral thalamic relay cells to motor cortex stimulation showed that these thalamic neurons had the necessary conduction velocities to account for the distribution EPSP latencies recorded in pyramidal tract neurons. From these electrophysiological results, it has been concluded that slow and fast pyramidal tract morphological evidence, obtained at the electron-microscopic level, supporting this conclusion. Terminal degeneration induced by a lesion in the ventrolateral thalamus was found on the apical dendrite of a slow pyramidal tract neurons that had been injected with horseradish peroxidase. It is proposed that the matching between the latencies of EPSPs evoked from the ventrolateral thalamus and the latencies of antidromic invasions of pyramidal tract neurons may reflect a matching between the conduction velocity of thalamocortical and cortico-spinal neurons and/or it may be due to the electrotonic properties of the apical dendrites.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of psychosis among the Hutterites: a reanalysis of the 1950-53 study.

Psychiatric case records from Eaton and Weil's 1950-53 study of the Hutterites were rediagnosed using DSM-III-R criteria. The results confirmed that the Hutterites have a very low prevalence of both schizophrenia (0.9 per 1000) and bipolar disorder (0.6 per 1000). Genetic and/or environmental explanations are both possible. Because of their unusual genetics and lifestyle, the Hutterites are an invaluable potential research resource.

Alberta↗
PubMed2026

Comparative effectiveness of torsemide vs furosemide in the management of heart failure patients: Win-ratio reanalysis of the TRANSFORM-HF trial.

BACKGROUND: Loop diuretics are widely used for managing congestion in patients with heart failure (HF). The TRANSFORM-HF trial is a multicenter randomized study that enrolled heart failure patients, comparing a strategy of torsemide vs furosemide. The time-to-event analysis demonstrated neutral effects on all-cause death at 30 months and the composite of all-cause death and first rehospitalization at 12 months. We evaluated whether a hierarchical win-ratio (WR) framework integrating mortality, recurrent hospitalization, and patient-reported health status provides additional interpretive insight. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the pragmatic, multicenter, open-label, randomized TRANSFORM-HF trial, conducted across 60 US hospitals that randomized 2,859 patients hospitalized with HF to torsemide or furosemide. The primary 12-month hierarchical composite outcome was defined as (1) all-cause mortality, (2) recurrent all-cause hospitalizations, and (3) lack of improvement in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS). The primary statistical method was a WR analysis adjusting covariates via inverse probability weighting. Subgroup analyses evaluated potential heterogeneity across patient demographics and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: In the primary 12-month intention-to-treat analysis, the adjusted WR was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.98-1.16; P = .13), indicating no significant difference between torsemide and furosemide. A supplementary 30-month analysis with extended mortality follow-up yielded a similar estimate (adjusted WR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98-1.16; P = .14); hospitalization and KCCQ-CSS components were assessed through 12 months. As-treated sensitivity analyses were consistent with the neutral primary findings. Exploratory subgroup analyses were not adjusted for multiplicity and should be considered hypothesis-generating. CONCLUSIONS: The overall WR comparison between torsemide and furosemide showed no statistically significant difference in the primary 12-month analysis. The WR framework provided an interpretive decomposition across outcome domains but did not establish superiority of either loop diuretic strategy. All findings should be considered exploratory. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03296813, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03296813.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Reanalysis of the protocol for in vitro synchronization of mammalian astrocytic cultures by serum deprivation.

Serum starvation of astrocytes for a period of time followed by refeeding has been proposed as a method to produce synchronized astrocytes. Here, it is proposed that the method neither synchronizes cells nor satisfies rigorous criteria for cell synchronization. The proposed non-selective, whole-culture synchronization protocol cannot, in theory, synchronize cells. The cells produced by the proposed serum starvation/refeeding protocol do not reflect the properties of any particular cell during the cell cycle. Cells produced by the published protocol will have a wide distribution of cell sizes, and therefore, the cells produced by starvation/refeeding will not model cells of any specific age during the division cycle. Thus, the proposed protocol will not produce a synchronized culture.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A psychometric reanalysis of the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire.

The psychometric properties of the 27-item Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ) were evaluated in 1930 outpatients with DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders. Although prior findings of a 3-factor latent structure were upheld in several replications (Social Phobia, Agoraphobia, Interoceptive), three items failed to load on their predicted factor (Interoceptive). Multiple-groups CFAs indicated that the measurement properties of the APPQ were invariant in male and female patients, with the exception of an intercept of one item from the Agoraphobia scale which evidenced bias against females. The three APPQ dimensions were consistently associated with high levels of scale reliability and factor determinacy. Strong evidence of concurrent validity of the Social Phobia and Agoraphobia factors was obtained in relation to interview and questionnaire measures. Although the Interoceptive factor was more strongly related to criterion measures of anxiety sensitivity and fear of panic than Social Phobia, the Agoraphobia factor had the strongest relationships with these validity indices. The results are discussed in regard to psychometric implications for the APPQ and conceptual issues pertaining to the discriminant validity of fear of agoraphobic situations and fear of sensation-producing activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Is high fear of pain associated with attentional biases for pain-related or general threat? A categorical reanalysis.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this investigation was to clarify mixed findings reported in selective attention investigations. To accomplish this, recently published dot-probe data from 36 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and 29 healthy control participants were reanalyzed with consideration of fear of pain (FOP) as a categorical variable. FOP groups were identified by using a variety of strategies and represented differing conceptualizations of the FOP construct. Selective attention for sensory pain, affect pain, and health catastrophe words was assessed by using raw dot-probe detection latencies and the bias, congruency, and incongruency indices. Analysis of the raw detection latencies revealed no significant interactions that permit inferences regarding attentional shifts to or away from specific word types. Analyses of the attention indices revealed no evidence of pain-related selective attention as a function of FOP or the interaction between clinical status and FOP, regardless of the FOP categorization method used; however, for FOP groups derived by using the cluster method, participants with high FOP--all patients--exhibited hypervigilance for all word types on the dot-probe task when compared with those with low FOP. Implications for various categorical conceptualizations of FOP and future research directions are discussed. PERSPECTIVE: Fear of pain can be used to categorize people into groups more or less vulnerable to disabling effects of pain. When fear of pain groups are derived by using measures of general and pain-specific fearfulness, people with high fear of pain are likely to selectively attend all potentially threatening stimuli in their environment.

Adult↗