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Results for “Psychophysiologic Disorders”

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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Brain polarization in humans: a reappraisal of an old tool for prolonged non-invasive modulation of brain excitability.

Direct current (DC) is very effective in modulating spontaneous neuronal firing. The history of electrophysiology starts with the discovery of the biological effects of DC and as early as two centuries ago scalp DC was used to treat mental disorder. Psychophysiological investigations suggested a possible effect of scalp DC in humans. More recently several studies assessed, with motor potentials evoked by transcranial brain stimulation, the motor-cortical excitability changes induced by scalp DC. Even weak DCs pass through the scalp and influence human brain activity. DCs delivered at relatively strong intensities (1 mA) and for long periods (10 min or so), not only influence (either increase or decrease) brain excitability during their application in normal subjects, but induce persistent changes in excitability after their offset that, at least in the motor cortex, can last for almost 1 h. Scalp DC might represent a non-invasive simple and valuable potential treatment for psychiatric and neurologic diseases with changes in brain excitability or focally abnormal (increased or decreased) function.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral psychophysiological reactivity to mental tasks in children with psychiatric disorders.

Peripheral psychophysiological reactivity (skin conductance and heart rate changes) to mental activity tasks (imagery and listening to music) was examined in child psychiatric day or in-patients with conduct and emotional disorders. Children with predominant antisocial symptomatology showed higher electrodermal than cardiovascular reactivity to the experimental tasks, whilst children with predominant neurotic symptoms showed more marked cardiovascular reactivity. No statistical differences between the groups emerged in response to listening to music, but antisocials were more responsive (with higher skin conductance level increases) to imaging pleasant situations, whereas neurotics were more reactive (increased heart rate levels and decreases in skin conductance) to imaging unpleasant situations. The results are compatible with an enhanced biological responsiveness by antisocials to reward and with neurotics experiencing an unusually marked sense of threat and withdrawal to aversive stimuli.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1977

An outcome study of group therapy.

Outcome research in a group therapy program was conducted with therapists in training who had little prior experience with group therapy. Significantly greater improvement over an initial three-month period was found for treated patients when compared with control patients on a multivariate combination of five outcome criteria. Some, but not all, of the five separate criteria indicated such a difference. Only slight, nondifferentiating improvement was found for target symptoms. Significantly greater improvement over the three-month period on the multivariate combination was also found for treated patients who had begun therapy during the second year of the program when compared with treated patients who had begun therapy during the first year of the program. Finally, significant improvement over the three-month period on the multivariate combination was found for both treated and control patients.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Minor tranquilizers: clinical correlates of use in an urban population.

Rapid growth in the production and prescription of minor tranquilizers has stimulated increasing concern that we live in an "overmedicated" society. Data regarding drug use from a health survey in Oakland, Calif, show that (1) 20% took a minor tranquilizer or sedative during the previous year, 10% daily for a week or more; (2) use was related directly to the amount of distress and dysfunction, to psychologic more than to other types of disturbance, but not to situational stress alone; and (3) taking tranquilizers was only one aspect of a complex pattern of coping behaviors including the almost universal use of some medication, most often a "nonpsychotropic" type.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Unexplained chest pain: when is it panic disorder?

Noncardiac chest pain is a common costly phenomenon in the cardiology setting. Recent research suggests that panic disorder, a highly distressful yet treatable anxiety disorder, occurs in a significant proportion of noncardiac chest pain patients. This article reviews research on the prevalence of panic disorder in patients seen in cardiology settings for unexplained chest pain. Financial, psychosocial, and historical aspects of noncardiac chest pain are described. Panic disorder and the potential consequences of its nonrecognition by physicians are examined. Current psychological and pharmacologic treatments are reviewed. Recommendations on the management of panic patients in the cardiology setting are provided.

Chest Pain↗