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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tramal in the treatment of acute and chronic pain syndromes in cancer patients].

The study of 65 cancer patients has demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of tramal as an agent used for the relief of acute and chronic pain syndrome. In 18 patients tramal was used in postoperative analgesia, in 17 patients it was used for the treatment of chronic pain syndrome. It has been shown that in the postoperative period tramal has no noticeable advantages over promedol. However, tramal had definite advantages over other opiate agonists when used for the treatment of chronic pain syndrome in incurable cancer patients. Thus, the data obtained show that tramal, a synthetic analgesic of a new generation, has no dangerous side effects, is effective in a convenient, non-invasive drug form, interacts well with non-narcotic and supplementary agents and causes no clinical signs of drug tolerance or addiction in prolonged application.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[The use of klofelin in general anesthesia during and after surgery of the abdominal organs].

The use of klofelin in general anesthesia of the patients operated on for acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, appendicitis, gastroduodenal ulcer permitted to normalize hemodynamics, reduce the dosages of the administered phentanyl 1.5-fold, kalipsol--2-fold, promedol after the operation-2.5--fold, contributed to early awakening and activization of the patients, prevention of the development of complications and narcotic dependence after the operation, improvement of the results of treatment.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Variation pulsimetry as a method for assessing the adequacy of electro- and drug anesthesia in uranostaphyloplasty].

Using variation pulsimetry, the adequacy of anesthesiological management during uranostaphyloplasty has been assessed in 34 children aged 4.5 to 9 years. The studies were performed after premedication at various stages of surgery and upon extubation. Premedication, including promedol, dimedrol, droperidol and diazepam, prevented negative psychoemotional reactions in patients right before induction to anesthesia. Combined electrical and drug anesthesia performed according to a technique described above ensured good enough nociceptive protection of patients during surgery. The adaptive compensatory reactions were most pronounced in the early postoperative period.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The relationship of preoperative emotional stress in children to the type of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm].

Psychophysiological characteristics of the emotional stress reaction have been studied preoperatively in 31 patients aged 3 to 14 years. The dependence of the nature and depth of peroperative stress on the type of autonomous cardiac rhythm regulation has been established. Psychophysiological differences in the reaction of children with distinct types of autonomous regulation to standard premedication (promedol and atropine) have been observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Variants of intravenous anesthesia during lung surgery in conditions of high-frequency artificial ventilation].

Basic systemic hemodynamic parameters were compared during intravenous anesthesia with calypsol (ketamine) and diazepam, promedol and diazepam, fentanyl and diazepam, fentanyl and sombrevin in 120 patients operated on the lungs with conventional and high-frequency jet ventilation. The studies have shown that in conventional controlled lung ventilation there were no distinctions in hemodynamic parameters depending on the type of the anesthesia. In high-frequency jet ventilation, specific hemodynamic effects of calypsol were observed. Unlike other anesthetics, calypsol administration is associated with elevated central venous pressure, increased cardiac output and enhanced left ventricular work, which can be accounted for by higher venous return.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1985

[Dynamics of the heart minute volume and rheological properties of the blood in the early post-resuscitation period after preagonal and agonal conditions].

Fifteen experiments on heparinized (500 IU/kg) dogs (both male and female) under slight nembutal anaesthesia with promedol have revealed that polyglucin hemodilution (60% of blood; 40% of polyglucin) during resuscitation following 4 hours of hypovolemic hypotension prevented the onset of ischemic hyperperfusion syndrome for 5 minutes of post-resuscitation period. Moreover, delayed hyperperfusion syndrome was not observed 3 hours after resuscitation, as it was in animals with blood reinfusion only. Hyperperfusion syndrome was more expressed in animals, recovered after a 4-hour hypovolemic hypotension, than in animals whose agony was caused by a 2-hour arterial hypotension. The correlation was established between high blood viscosity and post-ischemic hyperperfusion (reactive hyperemia).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electroacupuncture in the prevention of the immunosuppressive action of surgical stress].

Immunological indexes have been studied in 22 patients during planned herniotomy and in 52 healthy donors. The study group comprised 12 patients operated on under local anesthesia in combination with electroacupuncture analgesia (EAPA). Premedication was not performed, narcotic analgesics, neuroleptics and antihistamine agents were also excluded. The control group consisted of 10 patients operated on under local anesthesia after premedication with promedol. Analgesia in the postoperative period was performed using chEHC-2 apparatus in the study group and using narcotic analgesics in the control group. Most indexes characterizing the initial immune status were decreased in both groups, as compared to those observed in healthy donors. A pronounced immunomodulating effect of EAPA on immunoregulatory subpopulations of T-lymphocyte helpers/inducers (Tmu) and suppressors/killers (T gamma) was noted. EAPA did not affect optimal relations between immunoregulatory subpopulations, which was confirmed by immunoregulatory index value, and prevented inhibition of functional lymphocyte activity in blasttransformation reaction to mitogen (PHA).

Electroacupuncture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of klofelin on the analgesic and autonomotropic effects of narcotic analgesics].

In conscious rats clopheline (0.1-0.25 mg/kg), in contrast to promedol, morphine and fentanyl administered at analgesic doses, suppressed nociceptive reactions of arterial blood pressure produced by a mechanical stimulation and intracardiac infusion of bradykinin. The use of clopheline in combination with narcotic analgesics potentiated the analgesic effect and significantly inhibited nociceptive hemodynamic reactions without changing the background level of arterial blood pressure.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of myelopeptides on physiological and pathological pain].

The action of bone marrow low-molecular peptides (myelopeptides) was studied in the models of physiologic and pathologic pain. Myelopeptides were demonstrated to have a pronounced analgetic effect: they increased the latent period of the rats' response in the hot plate test (physiologic pain) and suppressed severe spinal pain syndrome induced by the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (pathologic pain). In the experiments with naloxone (an opiate receptor blocker) the data on the opiate properties of myelopeptides were further substantiated. The analgetic effect of myelopeptides can be compared to that of morphine and promedol. Myelopeptides even in considerable doses did not have the side effects characteristic of the majority of opiate analgesics. Therefore, they may be recommended for clinical trials.

Analgesics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolic effect of gutimine on the myocardial tissue in blood loss].

A rate of hemorrhage accounted for 31 mg/kg in 80 adult dogs premedicated with promedol and atropine. After circular-hemic hypoxia caused by the hemorrhage, single intravenous administration of gutimine (35-40 mg/kg) transformed the carbohydrate metabolism in heart muscle: activated glycolysis and accelerated the rate of its products oxidation, maintained the free amino acids concentration at the level similar to that of intact animals, reduced the rate of creatine phosphate synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Use of narcotic analgesics for the postoperative anesthetization of oncological patients].

The authors have studied the efficacy of narcotic analgesics in the postoperative period by a complex method, including a psychosomatic questionnaire, spirography, volumetry, analgesiometry, as well as a examination of the cardiovascular system and acid-base balance. Under examination were 183 patients subjected to surgery for tumors of the female genitalia and rectum (a lower laparatomy). The analgesic activity of promedol, omnopone, morphine and polyvinly-morpholidone in routine doses was estimated. It was noted that, if not contraindicated, narcotic analgesics may be successfully employed for analgesia in the early postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Combination electroanesthesia in oncological patients during surgery and in the early postoperative period].

Pelan and Elnar type electric stimulators were used to produce analgesia in 178 cancer patients in the course of surgery and in early postoperative period. The results of a complex study using rhythmography, acid-base balance, blood-sugar level, arterial and central venous pressure measurements and psychophysiologic examination with the Neuron type installation showed that joint application of electric stimulation and local anesthesia as well as the use of electric stimulation in combination with intravenous injection of hydroxybutyric acid, seduxen and ketalar provide adequate intraoperative anesthesia in 85% of cases. Postoperative application of electroanesthesia in cancer patients was followed by a significantly lower requirement of narcotic analgetics. Moreover, the procedure did not involve depressive or hyperkinetic complications, characteristic of morphine and promedol treatment. The results of the study suggest that electroanesthesia be used in cancer treatment.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of analgestics and narcotics on the potentials of the posterior roots evoked by stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex].

Experiments set up on unanesthetized, curarized cats demonstrated that sodium oxybutyrate in doses of 75--200 mg/kg and nembutal in doses of 5--20 mg/kg prolong the duration of corticospinal posterior roots potentials (PRP). The initial effect of morphine and promedol in doses of 1--3 and 0.5--1 mg/kg, respectively was not only a longer duration (by 30--40 msec), but also a higher amplitude of the PRP, evoked by the stimulation of the sensomotor cortex. Phentanyl used in a dose range of 0.01 to 0.06 mg/kg did not produce any changes in the descending PRP. Anesthetics (sodium oxybutyrate, nembutal, ether) and analgesics (morphine, phenadon) inhibited the corticospinal PRP, when used in large doses.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of narcotic analgesics on the cortical control process of impulse transmission in the afferent pathways of the sciatic nerve].

The effect produced by narcotic analgetics with their intravenous administration on the process of cortical control over the transmission of impulses along specific routes of the sciatic nerve was studied. The conditioning stimulation of the cortex was effected by using a monopolar electrode through single electric impulses. The interval between conditioning and test (on sciatic nerve) impulses was of 80-120 ms. Morphine (1-2 mg/kg), promedol (trimeperidin) (1-2 mg/kg) and phentanyl (100 gamma/kg) potentiated the inhibition of evoked potentials in the nucleus gracilis and in VPL, observed upon stimulation of the cortex of optic lobuses. The intensification of inhibitory corticifugal mechanisms occurring under the effect of narcotic analgetics takes place both on the level of the medulla oblongata and of the thalamic one.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical study of the pharmacodynamics of drugs used for premedication].

The use of premedication varieties in surgical treatment of 52 patients with heart diseases of varying etiology has demonstrated that the most effective were antihypoxic agents (sodium hydroxybutyrate), substances reducing myocardial requirement of oxygen (cardiac glycosides) and decreasing load of the heart (anapriline, verapamil), normalizing myocardial function (a polarizing mixture, cardiac glycosides), antithrombotic substances (heparin), antihistamine and antishock agents (diphenhydramine, pipolphen, morphine, promedol, prednisolone, neuroleptics, tranquilizers), and substances that enhance the neutralizing liver function (vitamins B and C). Drug correction of the functional and biochemical indicators should be strictly individualized with regard to the patient's age, type of pathology, and the scope of the coming surgical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The frequency characteristics of the reaction to the intravenous self-administration of narcotics].

Rat experiments have shown that the histograms of intervals between the self-injections of narcotic analgesics (morphine, promedol, buprenorphine) and psychomotor stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine) were essentially different. The quantitative measures of these differences are presented as discrepancy coefficients in the interval distribution between self-injections. The computerized "real time" system for collecting and analyzing the experimental findings of intravenous self-injection was used in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The problem of acute pain in postoperative period].

The problem of postoperative pain remains actual despite the existence of a variety of pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical methods of anesthesia. Acute postoperative pain is an essential component of the surgical stress syndrome. Opioid analgetics (Buprenorfin, Nubain, Tramal, Promedol, Morphine) take the leading position among other types of analgetics. Present-day individual approach to administration of analgetics is still imperfect. The use of a standard dose of analgetics appears to be inadequate in a number of patients. The increase of opioids dose may lead to adverse reactions. In view of this it is valid to use nonsteroid antinflammatory medicines (Ketorolac). The choice of a proper dose of an analgetic is critically important in achieving adequate anesthesia. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) or "analgesia on demand" is an alternative to administration of analgetics. The major advantage of PCA is the opportunity to achieve the rate of analgesia, according to individual demand of a patient. Besides, PCA allows to reach the desired effect much faster and to maintain the stable plasma level of an analgetic. 2-year experience of the PCA use in more than 200 patients of the National Research Centre for Surgery ICU has been analysed. The authors advocate use of PCA in clinical practice.

Acute Disease↗