Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Program Acceptability”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The calculation of sedimentation coefficients in vertical rotors.

A program for the calculation of sedimentation coefficients of molecules centrifuged in sucrose in vertical rotors has been developed. The program has been tested with both protein and RNA of known sedimentation coefficients. The program can accept any shape of gradient in the range 0-70% sucrose and any temperature in the range of 0-60% C. The program can be used with any vertical rotor for which the dimensions are known.

Catalase↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of advanced untreated Hodgkin's disease with SCAB--an alternative to MOPP.

SCAB chemotherapy streptozocin (streptozotocin) lomustine (CCNU), doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), and bleomycin sulfate was given in monthly courses to 20 patients with Stages IIIB, IVA, and IVB previously untreated Hodgkin's disease. Complete remissions were obtained in 15 (75%) of these patients, and partial remissions in two others. Toxicity of this program was acceptable. Although this study was not a direct comparison with MOPP, SCAB would appear to be at least as effective as MOPP and offers a reasonable alternative program for the patient with advanced stage, previously untreated Hodgkin's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prospective computerized simulation of breast cancer: comparison of computer predictions with nine sets of biological and clinical data.

A computer program which accepts clinically relevant information can be used to predict breast cancer growth, response to chemotherapy, and disease-free survival. The computer output is patient individualized because the program is highly iterative and simulates up to 2500 patients with exactly the same clinical presentation. Computer predictions have been compared to a broad spectrum of breast cancer data, and a high degree of correlation has been established. There are numerous significant clinical implications which can be derived from the computer model. Among these are the following. (a) Breast cancer tumors do not grow continuously but may have up to five growth plateaus each lasting from a small fraction of a year up to approximately 8 yr. (b) Adjuvant chemotherapy, such as 6-mo treatment with cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil, does not eradicate tumors but just reduces the number of viable cells by a factor of 10 to 100 and sets the eventual growth back by several years. This may partially explain why the age-adjusted death rate from breast cancer has not changed in the past 50 yr. (c) The computer model challenges the underlying principles in support of short-term intensive adjuvant chemotherapy, namely Gompertzian kinetics and genetically acquired tumor resistance to drugs. (d) The computer model questions the evidence opposing long-term maintenance chemotherapy protocols and suggests that maintenance protocols should be reexamined.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

The long term benefits of a comprehensive teenage pregnancy program.

A comprehensive program was founded in 1982 to provide adolescents with prenatal and family planning care. The program's impact through its first five years of operation on medical aspects of pregnancy course and fetal outcome will be the subject of a separate report. This study examines subsequent maternal and infant health of the patients attending the program compared to a control group. Four hundred ninety-eight adolescents and their newborns attending the program's mother-baby family planning clinic from 1982 to 1989 (subject group) were compared to ninety-one adolescents and their newborns receiving postpartum family planning and pediatrics clinics from 1980 through 1989 (control group). Seventy-five percent of the subject group regularly attended mother-baby clinic, compared to 18% of the control group attending family planning and pediatric clinics (P less than or equal to .0001). The subject group experienced less maternal and infant morbidity, greater school attendance, graduation, employment, and contraceptive use than the control group (P less than or equal to .0001). Many parameters improved with each program year indicating continued wide acceptance of our program by area adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A method for determining the positions of polar hydrogens added to a protein structure that maximizes protein hydrogen bonding.

An automated method for the optimal placement of polar hydrogens in a protein structure is described. This method treats the polar, side chain hydrogens of lysine, serine, threonine, and tyrosine and the amino terminus of a protein. The program, called NETWORK, divides the potential hydrogen-bonding pairs of a protein into groups of interacting donors and acceptors. A search is conducted on each of the local groups to find an arrangement which forms the most hydrogen bonds. If two or more arrangements have the same number of hydrogen bonds, the arrangement with the shortest set of hydrogen bonds is selected. The polar hydrogens of the histidyl side chain are specifically treated, and the ionization state of this residue is allowed to change, if this change results in additional hydrogen bonds for the local group. The program will accept Protein Data Bank as well as Biosym-format coordinate files. Input and output routines can be easily modified to accept other coordinate file formats. The predictions from this method are compared to known hydrogen positions for bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, insulin, RNase-A, and trypsin for which the neutron diffraction structures have been determined. The usefulness of this program is further demonstrated by a comparison of molecular dynamics simulations for the enzyme cytochrome P-450cam with and without using NETWORK.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An in-training examination for residents in family practice.

An in-training examination for family practice residents has been developed and used in a regional network residency program over the past three years. The most striking result has been the strong preference expressed by residents for question-specific feedback in order to facilitate learning after taking the examination. A well-designed in-training examination has the potential to meet both individual resident and program goals as an additional measure of resident performance and growth, as well as of the effectiveness of teaching in the various curricular areas. In-training examinations for residents are in use by 12 other specialties in medicine, and have been well-accepted by program directors and residents. A nationally-sponsored in-training examination for family practice residents is needed which includes maximal teaching capability through comprehensive and specific feedback.

California↗
PubMed1988

Economic aspects of clinical decision making: evaluating clinical programs.

The importance of program evaluation is discussed, and issues to consider when designing and conducting program evaluations in the restructuring health-care environment are identified. Program evaluation is carried out for the purpose of supporting specific decisions for individual organizations. Unlike scientific research, program evaluation accepts time as a constraint, and its audience is composed of managers. Considering the likelihood of being fixed-dollar contractors or employees in an era of managed care, professionals must try to understand the cost objectives of management; similarly, managers must understand the patient-care objectives of professionals. Program evaluation can help provide the necessary documentation of a program's impact on the outcome of health care, which influences the total cost of care. Successful program evaluation requires careful planning, and issues related to six steps in the planning process are described: defining the objective of the evaluation, choosing and defining the program to be evaluated, choosing indicator variables, designing the evaluation, presenting the results, and planning follow-through. While program evaluation is too often understood in negative terms, particularly as something done because of external pressure, it is as much a part of management as is directing day-to-day operations or developing a long-range plan.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1980

The American Board of Surgery in-training examination.

Since 1975, the American Board of Surgery has annually offered a multiple-choice in-training examination to directors of accredited general surgery programs in the United States for administration to residents in their programs. Residents' scores for the total examination and the five body-system categories are provided to program directors, along with normative data for comparison of their residents' performance against that of all examinees. Each year, residents' scores have correlated well with their level of training. Reliability coefficients have verified that the examinations have functioned effectively as test instruments. The increasingly wide use of the examination and its favorable acceptance by program directors have indicated that the examination is making a significant contribution to surgical education in the United States.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous treatment with single-agent chemotherapy and radiation for locally advanced cancer of the head and neck.

A substantial proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have extensive locoregional disease at presentation. While extensive surgical procedures may completely eradicate local disease with acceptable morbidity for smaller tumors, in patients with stage III and IV disease, high local relapse rates and relatively short survival times still characterize the course of the majority of such patients. For patients with locally unresectable disease, the combined use of chemotherapy and radiation has resulted in encouraging data both in terms of local control and survival. Combined-modality programs frequently employ platinum coordination complexes, and standard or hyperfractionated radio-therapy toxicity data suggest that the overall tolerance of such programs is acceptable and, more important, long-term follow-up has shown that function can be largely preserved. In this review we illustrate the experience with combined single-agent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and discuss the methodologic difficulties of clinical trials in this setting. We describe our experience with combined carboplatin and simultaneous conventional radiation in patients with extensive unresectable locoregional disease. Encouraging results and modest toxicity clearly support further testing with this approach, especially in patients with less advanced and bulky disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of primary care educational experiences in two urban pediatric settings.

The purpose of this study was to initiate the evaluation of the ambulatory care training programs of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and affiliated programs as resources for primary care education, and to provide input into the development of a primary care educational curriculum. It was determined that these settings fell short of fulfilling an a priori set of educational objectives designed to emphasize primary as opposed to secondary care. Foresight must be exercised in the selection of sites and the design of the clinical practice of an acceptable training program in primary care is desired.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1984

A simple computer program for Scatchard plot analysis of hormone receptors including statistical analysis on a low cost desk top calculator.

A simple procedure for the estimations of standard errors in hormone binding parameters derived from Scatchard analysis is proposed by assuming an univariate linear regression statistic model. The complete set of necessary formulae is presented and a practical way for calculation is solved using the binding of human growth hormone to rat adrenal membranes, as a practical example. The comparison between the results obtained by the method proposed and by using a well proved and accepted computer program, shows unequivocally that the differences are practically undistinguishable. The complete program to calculate the Scatchard parameters and their statistical analysis is available on request.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1981

Effect of an exercise program on the static balance of deaf children.

Deaf children show subnormal performance on standard tests of static balance. This study investigated the effect of a 10-day exercise program of static balance activities on the static balance ability of severely deaf children. A pretest-posttest control group design was used. The subjects, 49 deaf children, were tested on a force platform in four different stances. The experimental group then participated in a daily exercise program of activities traditionally used to facilitate balance ability. A comparison of the change in steadiness scores between the control and experimental groups revealed no significant difference in static balance ability as measured by degree of sway. However, the length of time that children in the experimental group could stand on one leg increased significantly. The lack of improvement in the amount of sway after use of this widely accepted therapeutic program serves to highlight the need for further investigation of the effect of any exercise program on static balance ability.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Computer-aided diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.

A microcomputer was programmed to accept data on the history and physical findings of patients, with low-back pain, suspected of having a herniated lumbar intervertebral disc, then suggest a likely diagnosis, with probability, and make suggestions for further management. Formal decision analytic techniques were used to test for the threshold of diagnostic likelihood that would make the expected value of laminotomy for excision of a herniated disc greater than the expected value of non-surgical management. The program is recursive, using its results to update its data base, and become more "intelligent." In a blinded evaluation, an expert could not detect a significant difference between the output of the computer and the diagnoses and treatment plans of ten clinicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

PHARMFIT--a nonlinear fitting program for pharmacology.

A new program is presented for nonlinear fitting of data from pharmacological and chronobiological investigations. It contains functions for calculating data from ligand-binding studies and competition experiments, for the analysis of dose-response curves, for pharmacokinetic calculations, and for cosine analysis of harmonic and overlapping rhythms. In addition, it is possible to implement general equations by the user. The program allows data exchange with most spreadsheet, database, and graphics presentation programs, and accepts data from two widely used ambulatory 24-h blood-pressure monitoring systems. The fitting procedure uses the Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm. It calculates the weighted or the unweighted fit together with a great variety of statistics for estimation of goodness of fit. A graphics module permits graphical presentation of the fitted curve. Moreover, fitting of data to different models can be compared for the most likely fit and model discrimination statistics for improvement of further experiments are provided. To demonstrate the chronobiological application of the fitting program PHARMFIT, the analysis of telemetric heart rate data from rats is presented.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1987

Decision analysis: a progress report.

Since its introduction into medicine 15 years ago, decision analysis has been applied to difficult clinical problems. Several important advances have made the process more practical and acceptable: computer programs that eliminate the need for burdensome calculations, improved techniques for designing analytic models, the ability to carry out sensitivity analyses over several dimensions simultaneously, and the elaboration of clinically relevant measures of utility. Using these techniques, analysts have addressed many important clinical issues including screening for and prevention of disease, tradeoffs among tests and treatments, and the interpretation of clinical data under conditions of uncertainty. Problems with the approach remain and applications have not been extensive, but decision analysis is evolving as a powerful clinical tool and gradually is gaining acceptance in medical practice.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1992

Intraoperative and external radiotherapy in resected gastric cancer: updated report of a phase II trial.

From September 1984 to August 1991, 48 evaluable patients with resected gastric cancer and apparent disease confined to locoregional area were treated with intraoperative electron beam boost to the celiac axis and peripancreatic nodal areas (15 Gy) and external irradiation (40 to 46 Gy in 4 to 5 weeks) including the gastric bed and upper abdominal nodal draining regions. At the time of evaluation for IORT, the disease was primary in 38 cases, recurrent but resectable in four (anastomosis), and unresectable in four (nodal). Post operative complications were reversible. Acute tolerance to the complete treatment program was acceptable. Late complications included life-threatening events: Six episodes of gastro intestinal bleeding (three of them had an arteriographic documentation of arterioenteric fistula) and nine with severe enteritis (five required reoperation). Other long-term treatment related complications were six cases of vertebral collapse. The median follow-up time for the entire group is 22 months. Locoregional recurrence/persistence of disease has been identified in five patients (three with residual and/or recurrent postsurgical tumor). Systemic tumor progression has been detected in 15 patients (11 in intra-abdominal sites). Overall actuarial survival for patients with positive or negative serosal involvement was 33% versus 56%. It is concluded that the treatment program described is able to induce a high locoregional tumor control rate (100%) when used strictly in an adjuvant setting and might control long term, a small portion of patients not amenable for curative surgery (2 out of 8 patients with confirmed residual post-surgical disease). Gastrointestinal bleeding and enteritis are findings that indicate treatment intensity at the upper limits of tissue tolerance. Assessment of long term tolerance of pancreatic parenchyma and large blood vessels (tissues included in the IRORT field) are pending for longer follow-up and the appropriate selective studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Use and acceptance of the "paper pill". A novel approach to oral contraception.

A randomized, crossover study comparing the acceptance of and attitudes towards two dosage forms of the same oral contraceptive product - a paper presentation and the conventional tablet, was carried out in a network of rural and suburban research centers in the State of Durango, México. The results failed to show any significant advantage (in terms of acceptability or continuation) of the paper formulation. Although two-thirds of the participants indicated a preference for the conventional tablet, there was a high degree of acceptance of the paper formulation among new oral contraceptive acceptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Filariasis eradication on Kinmen Proper, Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, Republic of China.

A control program for bancroftian filariasis was conducted on Kinmen Proper from 1970 to 1982. The combined method of mass chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for microfilarial carriers and larvicide with sumithion for mosquitoes was used on the island for 3 years (1974-76). The microfilarial rate and microfilarial density decreased from 8.4% and 14.6/20 microns in 1970-73 to 0.7% and 5.3/20 microns in 1976. The infection rate, infective rate, and larval density of Culex quinquefasciatus, the only mosquito vector of the parasite, decreased from 10.3%, 6.4%, and 6.4 in 1970-73 to 0.3%, 0.2%, and 1.3, in 1976, respectively. For final elimination of the infection, DEC medicated salt (0.33%, w/w) was then administered to the whole population for 6 months (March-September 1977). All accepted the program and no adverse side-effects were noted. Six annual follow-up surveys (1977-82) revealed only 3 out of 3853 previous carriers to be positive. These carriers were cured with a course of 5 g DEC. All family members of the 3 carriers and of the 12 neighbouring families were also given DEC medicated salt for 4 months in order to clear the only remaining source of filarial transmission. In conclusion, administration of DEC medicated salt is simple, rapid, safe, inexpensive, efficient, and practical for filariasis control or eradication.

Adolescent↗