Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Proctocolitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Is the rectum usually empty?--A quantitative study in subjects with and without diarrhea.

The authors have investigated the frequency with which the rectum contains feces by recording the presence or absence of fecal contamination of the membrane or of discoloration by feces of the contents of dialysis bags placed in the unprepared rectum for one hour. Feces were present in the rectum in 31 per cent of 32 studies in normal control subjects, in 49 per cent of 80 studies in obese subjects (P less than 0.05 from controls), in 36 per cent of 28 studies in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome, and in 31 per cent of 103 studies in patients with ulcerative proctocolitis, whether or not they had diarrhea. Fecal staining of the bag and its contents occurred much more frequently in 27 studies in subjects with various other diarrheal diseases (67 per cent, P less than 0.02 from controls), including eight with steatorrhea (87 per cent, P less than 0.02 from controls). The frequency with which feces were present was unaffected by age, sex, or time of day of the study. These results provide quantitative support for the assertion that in subjects without diarrhea the rectum is usually empty. In patients with diarrhea or steatorrhea and no distal large intestinal inflammation, however, the rectum usually does contain fecal material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of food protein-induced gastrointestinal diseases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although our general understanding of food hypersensitivity has improved in recent years, gastrointestinal food protein-induced diseases still pose diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. RECENT FINDINGS: Food allergy in children and adults may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical presentations include protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, enteropathy and proctocolitis, as well as eosinophilic gastroenteritis and related disorders. For many of these conditions, our understanding of the pathophysiology is incomplete. Manifestations are mostly non-IgE mediated, and skin prick testing and measurement of food-specific IgE antibody levels are of limited diagnostic value. Atopy patch testing may be of benefit in identifying food items associated with late-onset gastrointestinal reactions. A definitive diagnosis of gastrointestinal food allergy, however, still relies on formal food challenges. Depending on the clinical presentation, gastrointestinal biopsies may be required. In infancy, hypoallergenic formula or maternal elimination diets have been shown to effectively control the gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergies. Growth parameters and micronutrient levels need to be carefully monitored while on elimination diets for prolonged periods. In older children and adults with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, the response to dietary restriction is variable. Corticosteroids may be required to control symptoms in those who failed to respond to hypoallergenic diets. In eosinophilic esophagitis, steroids can be administered topically in the form of swallowed aerosols. Leukotriene receptor antagonists and other novel therapies may be useful as steroid-sparing agents. SUMMARY: Early diagnosis and treatment of food protein-induced gastrointestinal diseases may prevent significant nutritional complications. Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools for these mainly cell-mediated disorders.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1979

Acute diarrhoea: Campylobacter colitis and the role of rectal biopsy.

Campylobacter spp. were the organisms isolated most frequently from 29 consecutive patients admitted with acute diarrhoea to an infectious disease unit. Rectal biopsies taken from 21 of the patients were abnormal in all but four, and in the patients with campylobacter infection there was a characteristic proctocolitis in each case. The histopathology was similar to that described for salmonella and shigella infections but clearly different from typical ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Therefore in patients with acute diarrhoea we suggest that selective culture for Campylobacter spp. should be made a routine and that rectal biopsy has an important diagnostic role, particularly in patients with negative cultures.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Frank rectal bleeding: a prospective study of causes in patients over the age of 40.

In order to determine the frequency of tumours in patients presenting with frank rectal bleeding, a prospective study was carried out in 337 patients over the age of 40 attending our Proctology Clinic. After making a clinical diagnosis, flexible sigmoidoscopy followed by barium enema was performed. Excluding 7 digitally palpable rectal cancers, there were 30 cancers (9.1%), 34 polyps (10.3%), 7 proctocolitis (2.1%) and 25 diverticula (7.6%) detected, giving a total diagnostic yield of 29.1%. A clinical diagnosis of bleeding sources other than haemorrhoids was made in 80% of the cancers. Flexible sigmoidoscopy detected 93.3% of the cancers and 88.2% of the polyps. Barium enema diagnosed the remaining cancers and polyps but there was a false-positive rate of 3.8%. From our results, we conclude that patients with frank rectal bleeding should be screened routinely for left-colon cancer irrespective of the clinical diagnosis. The flexible sigmoidoscope is a quick and useful tool. However, barium enema should be recommended to individuals with strong clinical suspicion of rectal bleeding other than haemorrhoids.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Chronic inflammation of the colon: a diagnostic problem].

Chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum with associated diarrhea has become more difficult to diagnose recently. Many etiological factors and different therapeutic outlines need to be carefully discussed and summarized. Based on most recent literature, authors present current data on etiology and specific (case-depended) diagnostic procedures in colitis and proctocolitis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

Aeromonas hydrophila-associated colitis in a male homosexual.

A 37-year-old homosexual man was evaluated for a one-week history of hematochezia. Results of a physical examination were remarkable only for grossly bloody stool. Sigmoidoscopy to 30 cm showed a friable mucosa compatible with an acute colitis, and a rectal biopsy specimen demonstrated an increased plasma cell infiltrate. Stool cultures subsequently yielded Aeromonas hydrophila; serum human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III antibody titer was positive. The patient responded to a course of treatment with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim with resolution of his symptoms and restoration of the bowel to a normal sigmoidoscopic appearance. Aeromonas hydrophila infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute proctocolitis, particularly in patients with underlying immunodeficiency states.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Indications, strategy and results of surgical management in 141 cases of Crohn's disease.

Of 200 cases of CD observed in the course of twenty years, 141 (70.5%) have been treated by surgery. At the time of surgery, 6 patients had duodenitis, 87 ileitis, 35 ileocolitis, 9 colitis and 8 proctocolitis. In 4 cases the duodenum and ileum were simultaneously involved. Complications of the disease and failure of medical treatment represented the indications for surgery. Elective surgery was possible in 74.5% of cases. Intestinal resection was performed in all cases except for 6 by-passes (4 for duodenal obstruction) and 3 external derivations (1 ileostomy for perforation, and 2 colostomies: one for colovesical fistula and another for a rectovaginal fistula). Surgical strategy mainly depended on the site, number and extent of lesions, together with complications arising from them. Data from preoperative absorption tests and intraoperative measurements of the small bowel were useful aids in determining whether a resection was to be "radical" or "limited". Overall p.o. mortality was 4.2%. The follow-up (from 2 to 21 years) showed a long-term mortality rate of 5.7%. The rate of recurrences was 55.2%. However surgical management undeniably improved the quality of life, that was in fact good, or fairly good, even in the great majority (81.2%) of patients with recurrences.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colorectal cancer after irradiation for cervical cancer--case reports.

Three patients with colorectal cancer after irradiation for cervical cancer are described. One patient had two colorectal cancers. Three of the four cancers in these patients were located in the rectum and one in the sigmoid colon; all were within the irradiation field. Microscopic radiation proctocolitis was observed in all specimens. The interval between irradiation and the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 20-24 years. It is important to consider patients who have undergone pelvic irradiation as being in a high risk group for the development of colorectal cancer. Close and long-term surveillance may be useful in these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Perianal cellulitis. Cutaneous group A streptococcal disease.

Five case reports of perianal cellulitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci are presented. These reports illustrate delays in diagnosis and therapy of this condition that may present as chronic diaper dermatitis, perirectal fissures, painful defecation, fecal hoarding behavior, or proctocolitis. One patient had associated guttate psoriasis. In children especially, guttate psoriasis should alert physicians to culture perirectal as well as pharyngeal sites for group A streptococci.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Drug-induced colitis as a surgical disease.

Colitis has been reported after parenteral administration of penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and, most recently, lincomycin and its analogue, clindamycin. An incidence of diarrhea and accompanying proctocolitis as high as 20% with or without pseudomembrane formation has been noted. In most cases, withdrawal of the drug, supportive measures, and administration of corticosteroids have resulted in reversal of the colonic disease. In the past year, however, it has become apparent that there is a substantial mortality (as high as 38%) associated with the conservative management of this entity. We have used subtotal colectomy as a life-sparing procedure, and we report here its application in two specific instances, along with the clinical course, roentgenographic findings, and laboratory data. We believe drug-induced colitis is increasing in frequency and severity and is of importance to the surgeon.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1982

Alterations of creatine kinase isoenzymes in colon washings from patients with colonic and rectal diseases.

Mucus samples obtained from 61 patients with different types of colon and rectal disease were assayed for CK isoenzyme fractionation. Twelve additional patients without evidence of such diseases were used as reference subjects. The diseases surveyed were hemorrhoids, proctocolitis, polyps, and cancer of the colon and rectum. The CK BB fraction was predominant in the mucus of the reference subjects and in mild cases of hemorrhoids and polyps. With inflammation of degeneration of the colonic mucosa, the present CK BB decreased and the percent of CK MM increased. It is speculated that the increased CK MM possibly derives from increased permeability of degeneration of the colonic wall, permitting plasma CK MM to admix with the mucus. Mucin CK isoenzyme fractionation may be useful in assessing the pathogenesis of colonic and rectal diseases, as a marker to monitor the efficacy of the therapeutic regimen, and as a technique for monitoring conversion of a premalignant process into a malignant one.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed2000

Colon diseases: MR evaluation using combined T2-weighted single-shot echo train spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced spoiled gradient-echo sequences.

This study demonstrates the appearance of large bowel diseases on magnetic resonance (MR) images using breath-hold T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition snapshot turbo spin-echo (HASTE), breath-hold T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo (SGE), and breath-hold gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted SGE with and without fat-suppression sequences. The study represents a collective experience using a generalized combined abdominal-pelvic imaging protocol. Of 29 patients, 27 had surgical, endoscopic, microbiological, and/or histopathological correlation, and 2 had a diagnosis based on characteristic imaging findings. Fifteen patients had neoplastic disease including colon adenocarcinoma (n = 11), rectosigmoid carcinoid (n = 1), familial adenomatous polyposis (n = 2), and cecal lipoma (n = 1). Fourteen patients had non-neoplastic disease including diverticulosis (n = 6), ischemic colitis (n = 2), pseudomembranous colitis (n = 2), acute appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess (n = 2), Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) colitis (n = 1), and Crohn's proctocolitis (n = 1). In all 15 patients with neoplastic diseases, MR imaging depicted the primary lesions and demonstrated local extent. Mass lesions were best shown on T2-weighted HASTE and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed SGE images. Of 14 patients with non-neoplastic diseases, inflammatory changes were best shown on gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted SGE images in all cases. MR imaging with fast scanning breath-hold techniques and intravenous gadolinium enhancement provided good depiction and characterization of large bowel diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The place of isolated rectal excision in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Four patients with ulcerative proctocolitis apparently confined to the rectum had incapacitating diarrhoea which was treated by rectosigmoid resection and a left iliac colostomy. In 3 patients disease recurred within a year, but responded well to conservation management. One of the patients required colectomy and ileostomy 5 years after the initial operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Safety of double-stapled anastomosis in low anterior resection.

Clinical leakage of the anastomosis follows low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma in 5-10 per cent of patients despite standard stapling techniques. A modification of this method has obviated the need for a distal purse string. A flexible transverse stapling instrument (Roticulator 55) is applied across the rectum below the tumour, and a double-staggered row of staples is inserted as a substitute for the distal purse string. End-to-end stapled anastomosis is then performed with peranal insertion of a Premium CEEA stapling instrument. In 111 patients the indications for operation were colorectal carcinoma (96 patients), diverticulosis (ten), megarectum (four) and ulcerative proctocolitis (one). Three patients had clinical evidence of anastomotic leakage; all survived. The incidence of radiological leakage on Gastrografin enema 10-12 days after operation was 9 per cent. The perioperative mortality rate was 2 per cent; all deaths were from cardiovascular causes. Local recurrence of tumour occurred in eight patients (7 per cent) after a mean follow-up of 40 months. In conclusion, double-stapled end-to-end anastomosis has made low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma a safe procedure with a low mortality rate, an acceptable local recurrence rate and minimal (clinical) anastomotic leakage.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibody immunoradiometric assay for an antigenic determinant (CA 72) on a novel pancarcinoma antigen (TAG-72).

CA 72 is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) -defined antigenic determinant expressed on a pancarcinoma antigen (TAG-72) found in more than 85% of human colorectal carcinomas. An immunoradiometric assay has been developed using the murine MAb B72.3 to quantitate CA 72 in human serum. In a simultaneous immunoradiometric assay, the mean CA 72 concentration in 1,099 serum samples from healthy blood donors was 1.83 +/- 2.03 (SD) units/ml. If the upper limit of normal was set at 10 mu/mol of serum, a value including 99% of healthy blood donors, only 4 of 101 serum samples (4%) from patients with benign disease were elevated, whereas 15 of 26 (58%) and 14 of 25 (56%) of rectal and colon carcinoma patient sera, respectively, were positive. Serum samples from 84 benign colorectal disease cases were examined; of these, 0 of 28 (0%) colorectal adenoma, 1 of 39 (3%) ulcerative proctocolitis, 0 of 15 (0%) diverticulosis, and 0 of 2 (0%) irritable bowel disease sera contained more than 10 mu/ml CA 72. At a reference value of 20 mu/ml, 0 of 101 (0%) benign disease and 2 of 1,060 (0.2%) blood donor sera had elevated values, whereas 10 of 26 (38%) and 9 of 25 (36%) rectal and colon patient sera, respectively, remained positive. The majority of patients with pancreatic and ovarian cancer, and a significant fraction of stomach cancer patient sera, also contained elevated levels of CA 72. The ability of this assay to discriminate between malignant and benign diseases suggests its further evaluation for monitoring and diagnosis in groups at risk for development of cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The differential diagnosis and comorbidity of hidradenitis suppurativa and perianal Crohn's disease.

Over the last 8 years, 61 patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have been treated at this institution. Twenty-four have also had a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (38%). This dual pathology is examined in detail in this retrospective review. There were 11 males and 13 females with a mean age of 39 years (range 18 to 75 years). The Crohn's disease was ileal in 1 patient, ileocolic in 4, and affected the large bowel only in 19. The diagnosis of Crohn's disease predated that of HS by an average of 3.5 years. At the time of review, 22 patients had a stoma, 23 had undergone laparotomy and 17 had lost their rectum. Hidradenitis suppurativa occurred in the perineal or perianal area in all patients but involved other sites in 20 cases. Skin grafting had been done in 9 and local procedures in 19 patients. Granulomas were found in excised skin in 6 cases but this finding was not associated with a poor outcome. At a mean follow-up of 3.2 years from the most recent surgery for HS (range 1 to 11 years) 11 were asymptomatic for HS, 11 had symptoms and no follow up was available in 2. These data show that HS may coexist with Crohn's proctocolitis, complicating the diagnosis and management of patients in whom it occurs. An increased appreciation of the possibility is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Mortality in patients with ulcerative colitis in Leicestershire, 1972-1989. An epidemiological study.

The mortality in 1014 patients with ulcerative proctocolitis diagnosed while resident in Leicestershire identified in a population-based study from 1972 to 1989 was assessed. Ninety-two Europeans and one South Asian died. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in South Asians was 26 (95% confidence interval 0-147). In Europeans the overall mortality was not increased, the SMR was 93 (95% confidence interval 75-114). The SMR did not differ between established disease extents, but was highest in those patients in whom the extent was undefined (SMR = 237, 95% confidence interval 130-397). Comparison of SMRs and survival curves showed no difference in mortality in patients diagnosed from 1972 to 1980 and from 1981 to 1989. Mortality was similar in patients who had colectomy and those who had not (SMR = 130, 95% confidence interval 71-219, chi 2(1) = 1.2, NS). Mortality did not change during the study. These findings should be made available to patients and their families.

Adult↗