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[Preleukemia].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗

[Preleukemia].

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Female↗

[Morphologic and functional criteria of preleukemia].

Investigations performed in 32 patients with haemopoietic dysplasia which are transformed into acute leukemia in a number of observations are presented with respect to their morphological, cytogenetic and immunological peculiarities. It could be shown that the presence of pathological forms of mitosis, instability of the karyotype, and auto-immune disturbances will provide favourable prerequisites for the development of leukemia.

Adolescent↗

Monocytosis as a sign of subsequent leukemia in patients with cytopenias (preleukemia).

In a prospective 11 year-study 53 patients with cytopenias have been followed from the first appearance of haematological abnormalities to death. In 39 patients (group A) the diagnosis of hypoplastic anaemia has been confirmed on autopsy, in 24 (group B) the diagnosis of acute leukemia has been made clinically and/or on autopsy. In 13 patients of group B a monocytosis exceeding 300 cells/microliters could be found at various times before death (4 to 108 months). Patients affected with monocytosis has a survival time being 4 times longer than that of others. Thus, a long term survey and monocyte counting in patients with cytopenias of unknown origin may be of diagnostic and prognostic value.

Adolescent↗

[Cytogenetic studies as a contribution to the diagnosis of juvenile preleukemia and leukemia recurrence].

Hematologic changes in panmyelopathia are characterized by a wide-spreading spectrum of symptoms and a rare specifity. Therefore cytological and cytochemical findings do not allow a significant prognosis for the malignant or benign development of panmyelopathia. Cytogenetic experiments showed only the Philadelphia chromosome being of diagnostic value. MEISNER and co-workers, who studied adults with panmyelopathia and proven myelocytic leukemia and 5 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, found that significant and persistent spontaneous division in unstimulated 24 hr. peripheral blood cultures is an indication of a malignant state. The present work shows that in two of five children with panmyelopathia and with significant spontaneous division chronic myelocytic leukemia developed or was in the very initial state; a third child with spontaneous division is still under control. In contrast to literature only one of 14 children with ALL had significant spontaneous cell division. Therefore the method applied must be checked for its usefulness in ALL and especially for its usefulness in early recognition of a relapse.

Child↗