Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Planning”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Medicare program; establishment of an expedited review process for Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in health maintenance organizations, competitive medical plans, and health care prepayment plans--HCFA. Final rule with comment period.

This final rule with comment period establishes a new administrative review requirement for Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs), competitive medical plans (CMPs), and health care prepayment plans (HCPPs). This rule implements section 1876(c)(5) of the Social Security Act, which specifies the appeal and grievance rights for Medicare enrollees in HMOs and CMPs. This rule requires that an HMO, CMP, or HCPP establish and maintain, as part of the health plan's appeals procedures, an expedited process for making organization determinations and reconsidered determinations when an adverse determination could seriously jeopardize the life or health of the enrollee or the enrollee's ability to regain maximum function. This rule also revises the definition of appealable determinations to clarify that it includes a decision to discontinue services.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed2005

[Principles of epidemic emergency preparedness planning: the example of the German Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan].

Despite significant medical progress, recent events have shown that infectious diseases have not lost significance. Indeed, the threat of worldwide epidemics has increased. Due to their high infectious ness and rapid person-to-person transmissibility, the emergence of new influenza viruses with pandemic potential poses an especially alarming situation in this regard. The world population would be "immunologically naïve" to a new pandemic virus, permitting explosive spread of the disease. During the last century, three influenza pandemics have demonstrated that this is not merely a hypothetical risk. Currently it is feared that the possible human adaptation of avian influenza viruses that have recently become endemic in birds in Southeast Asia could result in a new pandemic strain. With the publication of the German Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan, preparation for this potential threat has reached an important stage in Germany. The implementation of the plan, which includes measures that go beyond the scope of public health, must now proceed swiftly. The long-term goal of pandemic preparedness planning is to be better equipped to deal with potential health threats in general, in particular those ensuing from the emergence of new infectious diseases under conditions of a growing global network.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The natural family planning--lactational amenorrhea method interface: observations from a prospective study of breastfeeding users of natural family planning.

Methods of natural family planning are sometimes difficult for women to use during lactation. When this is so, the lactational amenorrhea method may prove useful. Researchers agree that a fully breastfeeding woman who is amenorrheic is 98% protected from pregnancy for up to 6 months after delivery. The fertility status of 74 users of natural family planning during the time they would have been protected by the lactational amenorrhea method is examined. Underlying hormonal profiles show that there was little ovarian activity during this time. Eight ovulatory events occurred during the period of protection by the lactational amenorrhea method, of which four fulfilled minimum criteria for adequacy; there were no pregnancies during this period. However, some women did report experiencing fertile mucus symptoms during this time that were often unrelated to estrogen production. Using the lactational amenorrhea method rather than natural family planning allows them to avoid unnecessary abstinence.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed2000

The Royal London Space Planning: an integration of space analysis and treatment planning: Part II: The effect of other treatment procedures on space.

The Royal London Space Planning process is carried out in 2 stages. The first stage, assessing the space required to attain the treatment objectives, was described in Part I of this report, published earlier. In Part II, the process of integrating space analysis with treatment planning continues with consideration of the effects other treatment procedures have on space. These procedures include tooth enlargement or reduction, tooth extraction, the creation of space for prosthetic replacement, and mesial and distal molar movement. The effects of favorable and unfavorable growth are also considered. A brief case report is presented to demonstrate use of the Royal London Space Planning.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2004

Inclusion of organ movements in IMRT treatment planning via inverse planning based on probability distributions.

In this paper, we investigate an off-line strategy to incorporate inter-fraction organ motion in IMRT treatment planning. It was suggested that inverse planning could be based on a probability distribution of patient geometries instead of a single snap shot. However, this concept is connected to two intrinsic problems: first, this probability distribution has to be estimated from only a few images; and second, the distribution is only sparsely sampled over the treatment course due to a finite number of fractions. In the current work, we develop new concepts of inverse planning which account for these two problems.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Care planning as a strategy to manage variation in practice: from care plan to integrated person-based record.

This article begins with a summary of the trend toward a person-based health record, and the need to integrate data from a variety of sources to achieve this. A project is described that demonstrated problems with the structure of nursing care plans. These problems affected the ability to integrate care plan data into a clinical database capable of analysis to link control of process with clinical outcome. A second project is described that focused on the development of data sets holding higher-level descriptions suitable for the maintenance of a person-based record, but at a summarized level and with no clinical detail. Finally, a prototype care planning system is described that, while maintaining the data required by the Nursing Process, was more flexibly structured to support analysis and hierarchical levels of description.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of forward planned conformal radiation therapy and inverse planned intensity modulated radiation therapy for esthesioneuroblastoma.

The purpose of this study was to compare dose distribution of inverse planned intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with that of conformal radiation therapy (SCRT) in the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma, and to report initial clinical results. 13 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma were planned both with IMRT and SCRT using complete three-dimensional data sets. A target dose of 60 Gy was prescribed. We performed a detailed dose volume histogram analysis. Dose coverage was equal in both plans while dose distribution was more conformal to the target volume with IMRT. Mean and maximum dose of the brain stem, chiasm, optic nerves and orbits were lower using IMRT than SCRT. The reduction was significant regarding orbit and optic nerve (p<0.05). IMRT was superior in sparing of organs at risk compared with SCRT. The additional sparing by IMRT was positively correlated to the size of the target volume, which was evident with target volumes above 200 cm3. Treatment time was approximately 20 minutes per fraction using IMRT compared with 15 minutes per fraction using SCRT. We conclude that IMRT is both feasible and a valuable tool for more conformal dose distribution in the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma and to spare organs at risk that are in critical relationship to the tumour. This advantage could be seen especially well in complex shaped target volumes above 200 cm3. Thus, using IMRT, risk of complications may be minimized and local tumour control may be increased.

Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nursing and planning in health: management report as an instrument of health planning].

The involvement of the future nurse in the construction of the Management Report of the Actions of Health of a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul was the main objective of this study. The methodological strategy consisted of meetings with coordinators and technicians responsible for the sanitary units, the General Director Group and planning team of the health of the city, participation in the collection of data and elaboration of the related report. The literature revision contemplated: politics of health, a management report as an instrument of health planning, continued education and the role of the nurse on SUS improvement. This work contributed to the improvement of the report of health management, with sights to the planning and implementation of resolute and effective actions.

Brazil↗
PubMed1996

Integrating multiple publics into the strategic plan. The best plans can be derailed without comprehensive up-front research.

The mission of a health care organization represents its vision for the future. The authors present an approach used to develop an organizational mission for a large multispecialty physician clinic. In implementing the strategic planning process, research objectives must be clearly stated that identify in advance how the data will be used. Failure to integrate strategic data from all relevant publics will likely result in a mission statement that misses the significant interests of one or more stakeholders and reduces the effectiveness of the strategic planning process. Although costly, comprehensive research can uncover some surprising differences in perception that, if ignored, might complete defeat strategic planning efforts.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meshing human resources planning with strategic business planning: a model approach.

Many people are touting the need to take a strategic approach to human resources management--but this is more easily said than done, point out authors Lloyd Baird, associate professor of management at the School of Management and the Human Resources Policy Institute at Boston University; Ilan Meshoulam, personnel executive at Digital Equipment Corporation; and Ghislaine DeGive, Boston University. Obviously, people cannot be moved around as easily or as speedily as can other resources to help move a company to a strategically identified future position. Thus a great deal of planning is required. The authors present an integrative human resources strategic planning model that focuses on four elements: the environment, the organization's culture, the corporate mission statement, and overall corporate strategy. Each part of the model is thoroughly discussed, and checklist questions are included to help the individual manager develop and implement human resources management plans for his or her own organization.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMed2004

[The planned home care transfer by a local medical support hospital and the introduction to home intravenous hyper alimentation--the making of a home care patient's instruction plan document].

It is important to offer continuous medical service without interrupting everyone's various job functions at the Tama Numbu-Chiiki Hospitals in order to secure the quality and safety of home medical care to patients and their families. From 1998 up to the present, home intravenous hyper alimentation (home IVH) has been introduced by individually exchanging information that was based on items such as clinical case, doctor and caregiver in charge of the day, and introductory information. Five years have passed since we started an introduction of home IVH, and it appears that the medical cooperation of home IVH between the Minami-tama medical region and its neighboring area has been established. Then, we arranged an examination of the past 2 years based on the 57 patients who elected to choose home IVH instruction. Consequently, we created "home IVH introduction plan document" in standardizing a flow from home IVH introduction to post-hospital intervention. Since November of 2003, the plan document has been utilized and carried out to 5 patients by the end of February in 2004. This home IVH introduction plan document was able to clarify the role of medical person in connection with the patient. Therefore, we could not only share the information, but also could transfer medical care smoothly from the hospital to the patient's home.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1994

Strategy and planning for chemopreventive drug development: clinical development plans. Chemoprevention Branch and Agent Development Committee. National Cancer Institute.

At the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, the Chemoprevention Branch and Agent Development Committee develop strategies for efficiently identifying, procuring, and advancing the most promising drugs into clinical trials. Scientific expertise is applied at each phase of development to critically review the testing methods and results, and to establish and apply criteria for evaluating the agents for further development. The Clinical Development Plan, prepared by the Chemoprevention Branch and the Agent Development Committee, is a summary of the status of the agent regarding evidence for safety and chemopreventive efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. It also contains the strategy for further development of the drug that addresses pharmacodynamics, drug effect measurements, intermediate biomarkers for monitoring efficacy, toxicity, supply and formulation, regulatory approval, and proposed clinical trials. Sixteen Clinical Development Plans are presented here: N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), aspirin, calcium, beta-carotene, 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), DHEA analog 8354, 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), ibuprofen, oltipraz, piroxicam, Proscar, sulindac, tamoxifen, vitamin D3 and analogs, and vitamin E. The objective of publishing these plans is to stimulate interest and thinking among the scientific community on the prospects for developing chemopreventive drugs.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

The role of trade-offs in biodiversity conservation planning: linking local management, regional planning and global conservation efforts.

Biodiversity conservation planning requires trade-offs, given the realities of limited resources and the competing demands of society. If net benefits for society are important, biodiversity assessment cannot occur without other sectoral factors "on the table". In trade-offs approaches, the biodiversity value of a given area is expressed in terms of the species or other components of biodiversity that it has that are additional to the components protected elsewhere. That "marginal gain" is called the complementarity value of the area. A recent whole-country planning study for Papua New Guinea illustrates the importance of complementarity-based trade-offs in determining priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and for designing economic instruments such as biodiversity levies and offsets. Two international biodiversity programs provide important new opportunities for biodiversity trade-offs taking complementarity into account. Both the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Critical Ecosystems or "hotspots" programs can benefit from an explicit framework that incorporates trade-offs, in which a balance is achieved not only by land-use allocation among areas, but also by the crediting of partial protection of biodiversity provided by sympathetic management within areas. For both international programs, our trade-offs framework can provide a natural linkage between local, regional and global planning levels.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Underutilizers of mammography screening today: characteristics of women planning, undecided about, and not planning a mammogram.

Using concepts from the Precaution Adoption Process Model, we identified behavioral factors, sociodemographic and psychosocial variables, and beliefs about breast cancer that discriminated among women at different stages with regard to their intention to obtain mammography screening. An independent survey company conducted telephone interviews with 2,507 women aged 50 to 80 who were identified as underutilizers of mammography screening. Each underutilizer was assigned to one of three stages with regard to intention to get a mammogram: (a) definitely planning, (b) thinking about, and (c) not planning. Estimated actual risk of breast cancer, perceived risk to breast cancer, worry about breast cancer, and fear of learning from a mammogram that one has breast cancer were variables found to be significantly associated with intention to obtain a mammogram for several subgroups of underutilizing women. There are significant behavioral and psychosocial variables, beliefs and feelings about breast cancer, and demographic characteristics that distinguish underutilizing women at various stages with regard to intention to obtain mammography screening. Our findings provide new information that could help the health care professional motivate women who are not planning to utilize this preventive health measure to become regular utilizers.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Planning a pathway in nursing: do course experiences influence job plans?

Little is known about the factors that influence career decisions within nursing. This study contributes to a limited body of knowledge about the affect of course experiences on job plans. The findings presented are from the first phase of a longitudinal questionnaire survey investigating nurses' careers. One thousand five hundred and ninety six adult branch nurses (87% response rate) from 37 universities returned a questionnaire at qualification which included questions about specialties experienced during the course, whether course experiences encouraged or discouraged them from working in the specialty, specialty(ies) of first job, and specialty(ies) planned for three years after qualification. Overall, course experiences were more likely to encourage than discourage diplomates from wanting to work in a particular specialty, although for three specialties (elderly care, outpatients and theatres) a significantly greater proportion felt discouraged than encouraged. Uniformity in the findings across the universities suggests that certain specialties may have intrinsic features that encourage or discourage many nurses from working in them, irrespective of the experience they gain. A stronger association existed between course influences and plans for three years after qualification, than between course experiences and first job. Findings are discussed in the context of other research in the area and their implications for recruitment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Treatment of bronchial asthma using a new adjustable combination treatment plan: Asthma Control Plan (ATACO)].

The current guideline of the German Respiratory League (Deutsche Atemwegsliga) recommends the synergistic combination therapy with long acting beta 2-agonists and inhalative corticosteroids only for patients suffering from moderate to severe persistent asthma (step 3 and 4 of the asthma severity scale). Now convenient fixed combinations of these substances are available, which could enhance patient's compliance. A large, randomised, parallel-group study in 8000 mild to moderate asthmatics was designed to compare a flexible asthma control plan with the conventional fixed-dose management with respect to quality of life, symptom control and treatment costs. The fixed combination of 6 micrograms Formoterol and 200 micrograms Budesonide per puff in a new dry powder device was applied either due to a novel flexible asthma control plan "ATACO" (group A) or as a standardised conventional dosing regimen (group B) inhaling two puffs b.i.d. In group A (ATACO) patients reduce the run-in dose after four weeks from two puffs b.i.d. to one puff b.i.d. with the option of doubling the dose immediately, if (pre-defined) asthma deterioration occurs. One week later the dose can be either doubled again or reduced due to the actual asthma symptoms of the patient. After run-in, group B patients continue to take two inhalations b.i.d. In this group, asthma exacerbations will be managed as usual by the physician. In contrast, the ATACO group flexible management plan allows the self-medication: an immediate increase in the dose of the fixed combination will lead to both a fast relief of bronchospasm and an automatically higher dosed corticosteroid treatment for the underlying asthmatic inflammation. Conversely, if later asthma symptoms improve, less reliever and controller medication will be needed and used. The immediate treatment of new onset bronchospasm and asthmatic inflammation by the patient himself could maintain at least the same grade of asthma control, as the conventional group B treatment, improve asthma-related quality of life and decrease treatment costs. If the concept works, fixed combinations of long-acting beta 2 agonists and inhalative corticosteroids could have an impact on future asthma guidelines.

Administration, Inhalation↗