Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Phaseolus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Sodium nitroprusside affects the level of photosynthetic enzymes and glucose metabolism in Phaseolus aureus (mung bean).

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in plants. The present study aims to investigate the downstream signaling pathways of NO in plants using a proteomic approach. Phaseolus aureus (mung bean) leaf was treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which releases nitric oxide in the form of nitrosonium cation (NO+) upon light irradiation. Changes in protein expression profiles of the SNP treated mung bean leaf were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Comparison of 2-DE electropherograms revealed seven down-regulated and two up-regulated proteins after treatment with 0.5 mM SNP for 6 h. The identities of these proteins were analyzed by a combination of peptide mass fingerprinting and post-source decay using a matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionisation-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. Six out of these nine proteins found are involved in either photosynthesis or cellular metabolism. We have taken our investigation further by studying the effect of NO+ on glucose contents in mung bean leaves. Our results clearly demonstrated that NO+ rapidly and drastically decrease the amount of glucose in mung bean leaves. Moreover, four out of nine of these proteins are chloroplastic isoforms. These results suggested that chloroplasts might be one of the main sub-cellular targets of NO in plants.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2005

Lunatusin, a trypsin-stable antimicrobial peptide from lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.).

An anti-fungal peptide designated as lunatusin, with a molecular mass around 7kDa, was purified from the seeds of Chinese lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). The peptide was isolated using a simple protocol consisting of affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration on Superdex 75. Lunatusin exerted an anti-fungal activity toward fungal species such as Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Botrytis cinerea, and an antibacterial action on, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris and Mycobacterium phlei. It also inhibited proliferation in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Lunatusin reduced the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and it also inhibited translation in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Its anti-fungal activity was retained after incubation with trypsin. Lunatusin elicited a mitogenic response from mouse splenocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A mitogenic defensin from white cloud beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).

A peptide, with a molecular mass of 7458 Da, was purified from the seeds of white cloud beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. 'white cloud bean'). This peptide was isolated using a simple protocol consisting of affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The peptide had both antifungal and antibacterial activities. It reduced the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and it also inhibited translation in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Its antifungal activity was retained after incubation with trypsin but was reduced when the ambient ionic strength was raised. The peptide elicited a mitogenic response from mouse splenocytes but did not stimulate nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Cytochrome P450-catalyzed brassinosteroid pathway activation through synthesis of castasterone and brassinolide in Phaseolus vulgaris.

The last reaction in the biosynthesis of brassinolide has been examined enzymatically. A microsomal enzyme preparation from cultured cells of Phaseolus vulgaris catalyzed a conversion from castasterone to brassinolide, indicating that castasterone 6-oxidase (brassinolide synthase) is membrane associated. This enzyme preparation also catalyzed the conversions of 6-deoxocastasterone and typhasterol to castasterone which have been reported to be catalyzed by cytochrome P450s, CYP85A1 of tomato and CYP92A6 of pea, respectively. The activities of these enzymes require molecular oxygen as well as NADPH as a cofactor. The enzyme activities were strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, and this inhibition was recovered by blue light irradiation in the presence of oxygen. Commercial cytochrome P450 inhibitors including cytochrome c, SKF 525A, 1-aminobenzotriazole and ketoconazole also inhibited the enzyme activities. The present work presents unanimous enzymological evidence that cytochrome P450s are responsible for the synthesis of brassinolide from castasterone as well as of castasterone from typhasterol and 6-deoxocastasterone, which have been deemed activation steps of BRs.

Brassinosteroids↗
PubMed2005

Inhibitory specificity and insecticidal selectivity of alpha-amylase inhibitor from Phaseolus vulgaris.

The primary structure and proteolytic processing of the alpha-amylase isoinhibitor alpha AI-1 from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Magna) was determined by protein chemistry techniques. The inhibitory specificity of alphaAI-1 was screened with a panel of the digestive alpha-amylases from 30 species of insects, mites, gastropod, annelid worm, nematode and fungal phytopathogens with a focus on agricultural pests and important model species. This in vitro analysis showed a selective inhibition of alpha-amylases from three orders of insect (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera) and an inhibition of alpha-amylases of the annelid worm. The inhibitory potential of alphaAI-1 against several alpha-amylases was found to be modulated by pH. To understand how alphaAI-1 discriminates among closely related alpha-amylases, the sequences of the alpha-amylases sensitive, respectively, insensitive to alphaAI-1 were compared, and the critical determinants were localized on the spatial alpha-amylase model. Based on the in vitro analysis of the inhibitory specificity of alphaAI-1, the in vivo activity of the ingested alphaAI-1 was demonstrated by suppression of the development of the insect larvae that expressed the sensitive digestive alpha-amylases. The first comprehensive mapping of alphaAI-1 specificity significantly broadens the spectrum of targets that can be regulated by alpha-amylase inhibitors of plant origin, and points to potential application of these protein insecticides in plant biotechnologies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

An alpha-amylase inhibitor gene from Phaseolus coccineus encodes a protein with potential for control of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei).

Plant alpha-amylase inhibitors are proteins found in several plants, and play a key role in natural defenses. In this study, a gene encoding an alpha-amylase inhibitor, named alphaAI-Pc1, was isolated from cotyledons of Phaseolus coccineus. This inhibitor has an enhanced primary structure to P. vulgaris alpha-amylase inhibitors (alpha-AI1 and alpha-AI2). The alphaAI-Pc1 gene, constructed with the PHA-L phytohemaglutinin promoter, was introduced into tobacco plants, with its expression in regenerated (T0) and progeny (T1) transformant plants monitored by PCR amplification, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Seed protein extracts from selected transformants reacted positively with a polyclonal antibody raised against alphaAI-1, while no reaction was observed with untransformed tobacco plants. Immunological assays showed that the alphaAI-Pc1 gene product represented up to 0.05% of total soluble proteins in T0 plants seeds. Furthermore, recombinant alphaAI-Pc1 expressed in tobacco plants was able to inhibit 65% of digestive H. hampei alpha-amylases. The data herein suggest that the protein encoded by the alphaAI-Pc1 gene has potential to be introduced into coffee plants in order to increase their resistance to the coffee berry borer.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Unusual structural characteristics and complete amino acid sequence of a protease inhibitor from Phaseolus acutifolius seeds.

Two isoforms of a protease inhibitor were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius G.) seed proteins. The main isoform was used to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein. It is an 80 amino acid residue protein with a molecular mass of 8765 Da, showing sequence homology with the Bowman-Birk family of protease inhibitors. Several regions with amino acid microheterogeneity were found, corroborating the possible presence of isoforms. Mass spectrometry analysis was carried out to confirm isoforms. The presence of dimer and trimer forms of the inhibitor was shown through electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Another unusual characteristic for this inhibitor was its ability to bind metals. The presence of four sequential histidines at the N-terminal end of the protein could account for this binding. Mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy support the presence of calcium in the native inhibitor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Physiological implications of trehalase from Phaseolus vulgaris root nodules: partial purification and characterization.

The purification and characterization of trehalase from common bean nodules as well as the role of this enzyme on growth, nodulation nitrogen fixation by examining the effects of the trehalase inhibitor validamycin A, was studied. Validamycin A did not affect plant and nodule mass, neither root trehalase and nitrogenase activity; however this treatment applied at the time of sowing increased nodule number about 16% and decreased nodule trehalase activity (16-fold) and the size of nodules. These results suggest that nodule trehalase activity of Phaseolus vulgaris could be involved in nodule formation and development. In addition, acid trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) was purified from root nodules by fractionating ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-sepharose and sephacryl S-300, and finally on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified homogeneous preparation of native acid trehalase exhibited a molecular mass of 42 and 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme has the optimum pH 3.9, Km of 0.109 mM, Vmax of 3630 nkat mg-1 protein and is relatively heat stable. Besides trehalose, it shows maximal activity with sucrose and maltose and, to a lesser degree melibiose, cellobiose and raffinose, and it does not hydrolyze on lactose and turanose. Acid trehalase was activated by Na+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Li+, Co2+, K+ and inhibited by Fe3+, Hg+ and EDTA.

Cations↗
PubMed2005

Induction of oxidative stress and antioxidative mechanisms in Phaseolus vulgaris after Cd application.

Oxidative stress has been shown to be of great importance in the toxicity of several metals (copper, zinc, ...). In this study, the relationship of cadmium phytotoxicity and antioxidative reactions in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants was investigated. Eleven-day-old seedlings were exposed to an environmentally realistic concentration of cadmium (2 microM CdSO(4)). Several biochemical and physiological parameters were influenced even by these low concentrations. At the biochemical level, the antioxidative defence mechanism was significantly activated after 24 h of cadmium exposure. Some enzymes able of quenching reactive oxygen species (syringaldazine peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7; guaiacol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7) as well as enzymes important in the reduction of NAD(P)(+) (isocitrate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.42; malic enzyme, EC 1.1.1.40) were significantly elevated by cadmium exposure. Furthermore, the ascorbate-glutathione cycle appeared to be a very important mechanism against cadmium-induced oxidative stress. In leaves, significant increases of ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and significant changes in the ascorbate and glutathione pool were observed. Morphological and other biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation) were significantly enhanced 48 h after the start of the cadmium exposure. At the end of the experiment (72 h after the start of the metal treatment), even visual effects, such as chlorosis, were observed. The present data indicate that cadmium, like other metals, induces cellular redox disequilibrium suggesting that an environmentally realistic concentration of cadmium can cause oxidative stress.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2006

Oxidative stress reactions induced in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) following exposure to uranium.

The present study aimed to analyze the biological effects induced by bioaccumulation of uranium in Phaseolus vulgaris. Ten-day-old seedlings were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 microM U in diluted Hoagland solution. Following 1, 2, 4 and 7 days' exposure, plants were monitored for uranium uptake, biometric parameters, capacities of enzymes involved in the anti-oxidative defense mechanisms (GPOD, SPOD, GLUR, SOD, ICDH, G-6P-DH), glutathione (GSH) pool and DNA integrity. Uranium contents were up to 900-fold higher in roots (31-14,916 mg kg(-1) FW following 7 days' exposure to 0.1 and 1000 microM U, respectively) as compared to primary leaves (1-16 mg kg(-1) FW following 7 days' exposure to 0.1 and 1000 microM U, respectively). Uranium exposure did not significantly affect plant growth compared to the control. For all enzymes studied, except SOD, enzyme capacities in roots were slightly stimulated with increasing contaminant concentrations (though not significantly). For roots exposed to 1000 microM U, enzyme capacities were significantly reduced. Enzyme capacities in leaves were not affected by uranium treatment. Total and reduced GSH levels were higher in primary leaves of uranium (</=100 microM U) exposed plants than in control plants. When exposed to 1000 microM U, level of total and reduced GSH dropped. These results indicate that uranium can cause oxidative stress and cellular redox imbalance. Root DNA integrity was hampered at the highest external uranium concentration. For P. vulgaris the uranium toxicity threshold is expected to be between 100 and 1000 microM U.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2006

2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and changes in some antioxidant enzyme activities in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus).

2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA), a well-known allelochemical with strong phytotoxicity, is a potential herbicidal candidate. The aim of the present study was to determine whether phytotoxicity of BOA is due to induction of oxidative stress caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the changes in levels of antioxidant enzymes induced in response to BOA. Effect of BOA was studied on electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation (LP), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation, proline (PRO) accumulation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, 1.11.1.11), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT, 1.11.1.6) and glutathione reductase (GR, 1.6.4.2) in Phaseolus aureus (mung bean). BOA significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a product of LP, in both leaves and roots of mung bean. The amount of H(2)O(2), a product of oxidative stress, and endogenous PRO increased many-fold in response to BOA. Accumulation of PRO, MDA and H(2)O(2) indicates the cellular damage in the target tissue caused by ROS generated by BOA. In response to BOA, there was a significant increase in the activities of scavenging enzymes SOD, APX, GPX, CAT, and GR in root and leaf tissue of mung bean. At 5 mM BOA, GR activity in roots showed a nearly 22-fold increase over that in control. The present study concludes that BOA induces oxidative stress in mung bean through generation of ROS and upregulation of activities of various scavenging enzymes.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2005

Diverse bacteria isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris and species within the genera Campylotropis and Cassia grown in China.

Eighty bacterial isolates from root nodules of the leguminous plants Phaseolus vulgaris, Campylotropis spp. and Cassia spp. grown in China were classified into five groups by phenotypic analyses, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, PCR-based 16S rRNA gene restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism and sequencing. Thirty-three isolates from the three plant genera were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens because they are closely related to the type strain of A. tumefaciens. Fourteen isolates from P. vulgaris grown in Yunnan and Inner Mongolia were classified as R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli based on their close relationship with the type strain in numerical taxonomy and in 16S rDNA phylogeny. Twenty-seven isolates from Campylotropis delavayi, P. vulgaris and four species of Cassia grown in the central zones of China were classified into three groups within the genus Bradyrhizobium. One of these three groups could be defined as Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Our results demonstrated that P. vulgaris and the species of Campylotropis and Cassia could form nodules with diverse rhizobia in Chinese soils, including novel lineages associated with P. vulgaris. These results also offered information about the convergent evolution between rhizobia and legumes since the rhizobial populations associated with P. vulgaris in Chinese soils were completely different from those in Mexico, the original cite of this plant. Some rhizobial species could be found in all of the three leguminous genera.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMed2005

Molecular diversity of native bradyrhizobia isolated from lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Peru.

The diversity of a collection of 21 bradyrhizobial isolates from Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) was assayed by molecular methods. Moderately high to high genetic diversity was revealed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) analysis of seven enzyme loci and genomic fingerprints with ERIC and BOX primers. Two groups with differences in growth rate were found among the isolates and their differentiation as two divergent bradyrhizobial lineages was supported by PCR-RFLP of the rpoB gene and sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA and dnaK genes. Isolates with slow growth (SG) were identified as Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense, while extra-slow growing isolates (ESG) constitute a new lineage different from all described Bradyrhizobium species. Three distinct symbiotic genotypes were detected among Lima bean bradyrhizobia by PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of the nifH and nodB genes. One genotype was found in the ESG lineage and two in B. yuanmingense. Another symbiotic genotype was detected in B. yuamingense isolated from Lespedeza plants. The identified bradyrhizobial lineages constitute sympatric species effectively nodulating Lima bean on the coast of Peru.

Bradyrhizobium↗
PubMed2001

Purification and characterization of two alpha-amylase inhibitors from seeds of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray).

Two proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors termed alphaAI-Pa1 and alphaAI-Pa2 were purified from seeds of a cultivated tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, cv. PI311897). The two inhibitors differed in their specificity towards alpha-amylases of insect pests such as bruchids, although neither showed any inhibitory activity against alpha-amylases of mammalian, bacterial or fungal origin. AlphaAI-Pa2 resembles two common bean inhibitors, alphaAI-1 and alphaAI-2, in several characteristics such as N-terminal amino acid sequences and oligomeric structure being composed of alpha and beta subunits. In contrast alphaAI-Pa1 is composed of a single glycopolypeptide with a molecular mass of 35 kDa, and its N-terminal amino acid sequence resembled that of seed lectins in tepary bean and common bean. The information on the two tepary bean alpha-amylase inhibitors may be useful not only for providing insight into critical structure for the specificity towards different alpha-amylase enzymes but also for enhancing insect resistance in crops.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Selective induction of secondary metabolism in Phaseolus lunatus by 6-substituted indanoyl isoleucine conjugates.

A novel and highly efficient route to new indanoyl isoleucine conjugates is described, which allows a wide range of substituents to be attached to the 6-position of the indanoyl moiety. We report the synthesis of conjugates with methyl, methoxy, propoxy, allyloxy, pentoxy, and 2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy 6-position substituents. Preliminary biological activities of the novel compounds with significantly enhanced water solubility were determined using the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) volatile bioassay. The compounds induce variable volatile patterns, and structure-activity relationships show an ability to differentially induce separate pathways leading to secondary metabolites.

Acylation↗
PubMed2001

Characterisation of Phaseolus symbionts isolated from Mediterranean soils and analysis of genetic factors related to pH tolerance.

The ultimate objective of PhIMED, in which two European (Germany, Italy) and two Mediterranean (Morocco, Egypt) countries collaborate, is to improve the cultivation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under arid and semi-arid conditions by analysing and enhancing stress tolerance of the nitrogen fixing rhizobial microsymbionts. Rhizobial strains nodulating P. vulgaris (RP strains) isolated from areas in Morocco frequently subjected to drought were analysed for their salt and pH tolerance and their phylogenetic relationship. Strain RP163, exhibiting high nodulation efficiency and a broad pH tolerance was mutagenised by Tn5 and mutants unable to grow on extreme pH media were isolated. Some of the mutants affected in low pH tolerance were found to be mutated in genes related to cobalmin biosynthesis and in succinate dehydrogenase (sdhA). In a parallel approach, promoters and genes inducible under extreme pH values were identified in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39, among them gabT, which encodes the GABA transaminase and which is induced under acidic conditions. The same gene is present and similarly regulated in RP163. The actSR gene region was cloned from VF39, sequenced and mutants generated in this region were found to be impaired in growth at low pH, but also under neutral conditions. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes 'promintron' promoter, reported to be activated in stationary phase, was found to be also strongly induced under acidic conditions in rhizobia and it is currently being characterised to construct a system allowing the expression of stress tolerance genes in bacteroids and free-living bacteria.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed2002

Translocation studies of 137Cs and 90Sr in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris): simulation of fallout.

In case of an accident at a nuclear power plant with liberation of radioactive material into the atmosphere, knowledge about the behavior of plant species when in contact with radionuclides is indispensable for safety reasons. The leaf-fruit translocation is an important route through which agricultural products are contaminated by radionuclides. To quantify the leaf-fruit translocation factors for 137Cs and 90Sr in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a randomized block design. 137Cs activity was determined by gamma-ray spectrometry, while chemical separation followed by beta counting of 90Y was used for 90Sr determination. The model applied for translocation indicated functional dependence between the moment of tracer application and the physiological development of the bean plant. Translocation factors obtained for 137Cs and 90Sr were 0.16 and less than 0.005, respectively.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2003

Ameliorating effects of industrial sugar residue on the Jales gold mine spoil (NE Portugal) using Holcus lanatus and Phaseolus vulgaris as indicators.

Phytostabilisation of bare heavily contaminated substrate, such as abandoned mine sites, is considered a very appropriate technology in order to diminish erosion and dispersion of contaminants into the surroundings. In this short-term pot study, application of industrial sugar residue (ISR), a waste product of the sugar industry, proved to ameliorate spoils conditions for plant performance by elevating pH and immobilising several metals. Although arsenate concentrations were positively correlated to spoil pH and spoil treatment with ISR mobilised As, growth of both Phaseolus vulgaris and Holcus lanatus improved significantly after applications of 3.75 g ISR kg(-1) dry spoil. Nutrient uptake from the substrate, with the exception of potassium, was elevated by ISR. As a remediation technique ISR application could be effective although in As-contaminated sites application might be restricted to areas where leaching to (ground) water does not form a risk.

Calcium Carbonate↗