Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Peer Groups”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of peer-group intervention on metabolic control of adolescents with IDDM. Randomized outpatient study.

In children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), deterioration in metabolic control frequently occurs during early adolescence. To prevent this predictable increase in blood glucose levels, we randomly assigned young adolescents with IDDM to an intervention based on problem solving with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) integrated into standard outpatient care or to standard care only for an 18-mo period. At follow-up, 50% of the standard-care adolescents exhibited greater than 1% increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) levels over baseline values, indicating a deterioration in metabolic control, compared to only 23% of the intervention group. Follow-up HbA1 means +/- SD were 10.10 +/- 2.00% for intervention and 11.04 +/- 2.28% for standard-care adolescents, indicating a significantly lower value in the intervention group (P = .04). At follow-up, a greater percentage of intervention than standard-care adolescents reported using SMBG information when they exercised (60.0 vs. 33.3%, chi 2 = 4.29, P = .04). Our data suggest that clinic-based problem-solving groups can be more effective with young adolescents with IDDM than conventional treatment in preventing the expected deterioration in blood glucose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

'Free to be' peer group supports patients with MPD/DD.

1. During the last decade, dissociative identity disorder increasingly has been recognized as a relatively common post-traumatic syndrome. 2. Individuals with MPD/DD often are estranged from abusive families and have difficulty with social connection; an urgent therapeutic task is the re-creation of a sense of human interdependency and community. 3. Group therapy can be a useful and successful adjunct to individual psychotherapy for relatively stable clients with MPD/DD; the group's focus should be here-and-now, supportive, and psychoeducative in nature.

Dissociative Disorders↗
PubMed1988

An evaluation of the ability of proficiency testing programs to determine intralaboratory performance. Peer group statistics vs clinical usefulness limits.

Proficiency testing programs use two basic approaches for evaluating participant performance: (1) state-of-the-art data based on the interlaboratory group mean and group SD, or the 1(2)s rule; and (2) fixed limits or assigned intervals around the true value. Our previously described computer model emulates the state-of-the-art approach by simulating the performance of 401 laboratories in interlaboratory proficiency testing programs using the 1(2)s rule. The use of fixed limits to evaluate laboratory performance can be simulated by simple probability calculations. We compare the 1(2)s rule and fixed limits on the basis of their ability to identify actual intralaboratory performance correctly using efficiency. In both cases, the maximum efficiency never exceeds 91% and depends on population SD or fixed limit, specific requirements for medical usefulness, and the prevalence (10%) of poorly performing laboratories in the proficiency testing population. This calculation gives some insight into why neither of these approaches adequately differentiates between good and bad intralaboratory performance.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1984

The relationship of instrument parameters to performance within a survey peer group.

Using simulators of transmission imaging, an interlaboratory survey assessed the discriminatory performance of 86 subscribers, each of whom imaged a liver phantom in anterior and right lateral projections. Analysis was by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with Az, the area under the ROC curve, used as a measure of accuracy unconfounded by decision bias. Az values were then defined as the dependent variable in a statistical model that related performance to several instrument design and operating parameters. Six of 14 postulated parameters explained approximately half of observed subscriber variability. These were: year of camera manufacture or upgrade, number of photomultiplier tubes, collimator type, total counts collected, use of a Co-57 disk source for imaging the phantom, and computer processing of the image. The findings confirm previous inferences drawn from controlled intralaboratory experimentation, but hitherto unsubstantiated by clinical imaging data.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

An innovative method for the determination of normal values in hematology using peer group laboratories.

The author describes a proposed innovative method for the determination of normal values in hematology in which a large number of laboratories participating in the CAP proficiency testing program submit results of a previously performed, complete blood count. These data are compared with those derived from more formal studies of normal values. The advantages of this system, if validated, include its inexpensive simplicity and the possibility of determining normal values for relatively uncommon groups of patients such as neonates, infants, and small children.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Postnatal depression. Facilitating peer group support.

Health visitors and lay people have been working together in Maidenhead to support women suffering from postnatal illness. Alison Jones, Tricia Watts and Sybil Romain describe how the group supplements medical and psychiatric services, by tackling the isolation women with postnatal depression can feel, and helping them through until the illness ends.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2007

Biological, familial, and peer influences on dating in early adolescence.

The current study examined the joint contributions of pubertal maturation, parental monitoring, involvement in older peer groups, peer dating, and peer delinquency on dating in a sample of early adolescent boys and girls. The sample consisted of 784 adolescents (394 boys, 390 girls) enrolled in grades 5, 6, and 7 who were followed for one year. In addition to measures of pubertal maturation and parental monitoring, adolescents and their peer group members completed indices of dating and delinquency. Average dating and delinquency scores for each participant's peer group network were computed. Results indicated that it was the combination of pubertal maturation, peer delinquency, and peer dating that explained increases in early dating. For boys only, parental monitoring was a significant predictor. The more knowledgeable parents were about their boys' activities, the lower the number of dating activities reported. These results highlight the importance of considering the joint effects of these biological and social predictors in understanding early dating. When rapid changes occur in all three domains, early dating is most likely to ensue. The findings of this study have practical importance. Parents and professionals who work closely with youth should attend to the special vulnerability of early maturing adolescents in the face of peer pressure and to the important role of parental monitoring in regulating dating activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Symptoms of urinary tract infections in general practice. A comparison of diagnostic criteria and treatment among general practitioners, microbiologists and urologists].

General practitioners' criteria for good clinical practice vary, and it is unknown whether systematic education by specialists could be expected to reduce variation. The aim of this was to describe general practitioners', microbiologists' and urologists' criteria for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of women with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Based on these examples, advantages and disadvantages of using specialists as consultants in GPs' peer-group-based CME (continued medical education) are discussed. Three short case vignettes were presented in a questionnaire to GPs, microbiologists and urologists with prechosen choice of diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up strategy. A total of 154 (77%) GPs, 45 (51%) microbiologists, and 54 (61%) urologists answered the questionnaires. There was considerable variation in proposed strategy both within each specialty and between the specialties. Microbiologists, and to some extent urologists, would more often than the GPs treat a 30-year-old woman via telephone advice and prescription, while they more often tended to ask a 10- and 60-year-old woman to come to the clinic for examination. The GPs, more than the other doctor groups, would ask the patients to return for follow-up. Continuous medical education of GPs based on small-group peer discussions and with specialists as consultants in the groups cannot be expected to lead to less variation in choice of medical strategy.

Denmark↗