Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “POPULAR”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Popular press coverage of eight National Institutes of Health consensus development topics.

The quality of medical journalism has been widely criticized. As part of a larger evaluation study, we analyzed popular press coverage of eight topics selected by the National Institutes of Health for consensus development conferences in 1979 and 1980. Using periodical indexes to identify relevant articles, we analyzed the characteristics of 269 topical articles published in newspapers and magazines in the four years surrounding each conference and examined the role that the conference played in subsequent reporting. Most topics received widespread press interest that culminated around the time of each conference. Consensus findings were widely cited in articles that appeared after the conferences. Articles were mostly factual and balanced, relied on experts, and emphasized major themes covered by the conference. We conclude that the popular press can make an important contribution to the dissemination of new medical information.

National Institutes of Health (U.S.)↗
PubMed1977

Pair-matching-a reappraisal of a popular technique.

Pair-matching is undoubtedly one of the most popular techniques for controlling variation in both medical and other investigations involving human populations. Given the obvious advantages of ease of implementation and comprehension, apparent efficiency and simplicity of analysis, this popularity is understandable. Despite this appeal, however, pair-matching frequently involves high cost (particularly in the loss of unmatchable units), cannot claim efficiency when appropriate comparisons of precision are made, and suffers some important limitations in the analysis which directly affect inference. The persistence of the technique in the face of these limitations is discussed with reference to the disjunction between theoretical models and practical research constraints. It is concluded that this design may not be the optimal choice in many, if not most, research situations.

Biometry↗
PubMed1995

What did popular women's magazines from 1929 to 1949 say about breast cancer?

Despite the increasing risk of breast cancer with age, older women are less likely to engage in breast cancer screening behaviors than are younger women. In order to examine articles written on the topic of breast cancer and cancer, a historical survey was conducted of women's magazines popular between 1929 and 1949. This survey was an attempt to identify the messages of that period and compare them with the beliefs and knowledge prevalent among women who are today 75 to 84 years of age. There were striking similarities found between the messages in the early magazines and in older women's beliefs today. This literature was also compared with the medical literature of the same time to identify the role of the nurse and common themes. This article outlines specific mass-media strategies that nurses can use to design appropriate messages for women of different ages as well as for policy makers and the public at large through popular media such as magazines.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Clinical usefulness of autologous transfusion--history, methodologies and problems with popularization.

Autologous transfusion(AT), using the patient's own blood for replacement during operation, is the most useful blood replacement method, as the blood is a perfect match for the patient. It can prevent alloimmunization and introduced viral infections completely. Predeposition, Hemodilution and Salvage are the three methods of collection. Each has already had sophisticated techniques developed for clinical application. Unfortunately, AT requires extensive man-power and is expensive. For these reasons, AT has been slow to gain popularity in the surgical field in Japan. For popularization of AT to be successful, not only must we have sufficient knowledge to implement these complicated techniques, but we must also build an AT center staffed by several specialists in each hospital.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1998

The birds and the bees: an analysis of advice given to parents through the popular press.

There is a growing need for parents to communicate with their adolescents about sexuality, as teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are on the rise. Many parents indicate that they lack information and feel uncomfortable communicating with their children about sex. The popular press regularly publishes articles on parenting issues, including how to discuss sex. In this study, 26 articles from 1984 to 1993 were reviewed, and the tone, quality of information, and advice given to parents on how to communicate were analyzed. The articles reflected current research regarding parent-child sexual communication and provided much more detailed advice about how best to approach the topic with an adolescent. However, readership seemed to be primarily white and mothers in traditional families, and little advice was offered on how to handle more difficult issues, such as contraception and AIDS. The findings suggest that the popular press could serve as an informational vehicle for educating both youth and parents about sexuality and how to have productive discussions regarding this issue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The public science of Louis Pasteur: the experiment on anthrax vaccine in the popular press of the time.

The paper focuses on Pasteur's public experimentation of the anthrax vaccine (Pouilly-le-Fort, 1881) as portrayed in the English and French popular press of the time. It is argued that this 'popular' level of representation did not merely provide additional publicity for Pasteur's ideas. Rather, the nature and meaning of the experiment itself and of the related controversy on immunisation were substantially negotiated and shaped within the public arena. The multifold consequences of this framing at the public level are explored. In particular, attention is drawn to the relationships that in such process were established with other issues debated at the same time in the arena, namely homeopathy, vivisection and vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

William Osler and The Fixed Period: conflicting medical and popular ideas about old age.

William Osler (1849-1919) has long been hailed as one of the most illustrious physicians in our history. Yet, Osler's claim to fame outside the medical profession in the early 20th century was through what became known as The Fixed Period controversy about the usefulness of old men. In 1905, as the 55-year-old Osler said farewell to Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine before leaving for Oxford University in England he remarked that men older than 60 years should be retired. He further mentioned a suggestion, which he attributed to Anthony Trollope's novel The Fixed Period, that men older than that age be chloroformed. This article explores the public reaction to Osler in the context of early 20th-century American ideas about old age and manhood. As our society has changed over the past century, so have our ideas about old age. The Fixed Period incident offers us an opportunity to explore the relationship between medical and popular ideas about old age. This historical perspective allows us to see that physicians have not always had authority over old age and that public understanding and medical pronouncements on old age do not necessarily match.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Hypoglycaemic activity of four plants used in Chilean popular medicine.

The hypoglycaemic activity of a 20% dried leaf infusion of Bauhinia candicans Benth. (Leguminosae), Galega officinalis L. (Leguminosae), Morus alba L. (Moraceae) and Rubus ulmifolius Schott. (Rosaceae), used for diabetes in Chilean popular medicine, was evaluated in alloxan and streptozotocin induced hyperglycaemic rats. In normal rats the different infusions did not modify significantly the glycaemia in the period studied, but in diabetic rats different results were observed, depending on the diabetogenic drug used. B. candicans and R. ulmifolius infusions elicited remarkable hypoglycaemic effects in both experimental models. B. candicans presented a greater decrease of glycaemia in alloxan diabetic rats (39%) and R. ulmifolius showed a similar activity in both alloxan and streptozotocin diabetic rats (28% and 29%). Activity-guided fractionation of R. ulmifolius showed that petroleum ether extracts elicited a marked hypoglycaemic effect (35%) in the streptozotocin induced model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer experiences of African-American women as portrayed in popular mass magazines.

Popular magazines provide opportunities for teachable moments about cancer prevention and control to broad segments of the population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate attitudes and beliefs about cancer as presented in magazine cancer stories with a predominant readership of African-American women. Information was collected on full length cancer stories in Jet, Ebony and Essence from 1987 to 1995. There were 11 personal stories about cancer impact on women in the magazine issues over 9 years. Five themes emerged: religiosity, cancer fatalism, quality of life after diagnosis, interactions with medical personnel, and treatment choices. Within each theme area, specific subthemes were identified. Within religiosity, subthemes included the importance of faith, God's role, and the challenge to the spirit of a cancer diagnosis. Negative interactions with the medical system were described in 45% (5/11) of the stories. Quality of life emerged as an important issue in the cancer stories with death and dying, and pain or side-effects of treatment appearing in 64% (7/11) of the narratives. These results suggest that narratives in magazines with predominant readership among African-American women emphasize religious beliefs in cancer survival and present mixed attitudes towards European-American medical institutions. Mass media contributes to that discourse which shapes women's attitudes about survival from cancer.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of constituents of "Ogwu Odenigbo", a popular Nigerian herbal medicine for typhoid fever.

The ethylacetate-insoluble fraction of the methanol extract of "Ogwu Odenigbo" a popular Nigerian traditional herbal medicine for typhoid fever prepared from the stem bark of Cleistropholis patens Benth, (Annonaceae), was separated into 13 semi-characterized constituents by preparatory TLC. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the 13 fractions were quantitatively and/or qualitatively assessed by the agar well diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhinium, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The steroidal fraction was about 20 and 15 times more potent than penicillin and chloramphenicol respectively against B. subtilis, and about twice as active as penicillin G. or chloramphenicol against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The glycoside fractions 4/5, 6, 7 and the alkaloidal fraction 11 showed significant activity comparable to those of the controls against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The saponin fraction 1 was the only fraction active against Salmonella typhinium. Its activity was comparable to that of the controls against this organism.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Popular participation and the state: democratizing the health sector in rural Peru.

Popular participation has been an important component of most primary health care strategies since the Alma Ata Declaration, 1978. This article examines the use of state-sponsored participation in the health sector in Peru and some of the experiences that have accompanied its implementation. Taking the Local Health Administration Committees (CLAS) from the second Fujimori government (1995-2000) as an example, it is shown that for self-motivated rural communities to work in harmony with the state, there must be willingness to adapt to the varying levels of intra-community differences, social integration and social support.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1990

Hwabyung: the construction of a Korean popular illness among Korean elderly immigrant women in the United States.

The cultural construction of Hwabyung, a Korean culture-bound syndrome, is explored among a sample of 20 elderly Korean immigrant women in the United States. Hwabyung results when distressed emotions associated with the specifically Korean way of perceiving and reacting to intolerable and tragic life situations cause bodily symptoms by interfering with the harmony of "Ki" (vital energy). Korean elderly immigrants report a broad range of symptoms associated with Hwabyung; they less frequently report the epigastric mass, which had been considered the cardinal symptom by cosmopolitan and traditional medical writers. Hwabyung is treated holistically with psychosocial support from family, spiritual comfort, home and popular remedies, traditional Korean medicine, and biomedical treatments. Hwabyung provides a way of conceptualizing and resolving emotional distress through somatization among Korean elderly immigrant women.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Assessing the effectiveness of care for youth with severe emotional disturbances: is there agreement between popular outcome measures?

Limited information exists regarding how some popular measures for assessing the effectiveness of services to children with severe emotional disturbance interrelate when used as part of ongoing outcome accountability systems. This article examines the interrelationships--at intake and over time--between the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Youth Self Report (YSR), the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) clinical diagnoses across six California care systems. At intake, there were mild to moderate relationships between the clinical diagnosis, the CAFAS, the CBCL, and the YSR. These relationships were not as strong as those found in other studies conducted in more controlled research environments. There was limited agreement among the CAFAS, the CBCL, and the YSR regarding the outcomes of the youths served. These findings raise questions regarding translating measures from research settings to clinical environments and reconciling differences between outcome measures.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

The poor quality of information about laparoscopy on the World Wide Web as indexed by popular search engines.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the quality of information on the Internet regarding laparoscopy. METHODS: Four popular World Wide Web search engines were used with the key word "laparoscopy." Advertisements, patient- or physician-directed information, and controversial material were noted. RESULTS: A total of 14,030 Web pages were found, but only 104 were unique Web sites. The majority of the sites were duplicate pages, subpages within a main Web page, or dead links. Twenty-eight of the 104 pages had a medical product for sale, 26 were patient-directed, 23 were written by a physician or group of physicians, and six represented corporations. The remaining 21 were "miscellaneous." The 46 pages containing educational material were critically reviewed. At least one of the senior authors found that 32 of the pages contained controversial or misleading statements. All of the three senior authors (LKN, NAO, GAF) independently agreed that 17 of the 46 pages contained controversial information. CONCLUSION: The World Wide Web is not a reliable source for patient or physician information about laparoscopy. Authenticating medical information on the World Wide Web is a difficult task, and no government or surgical society has taken the lead in regulating what is presented as fact on the World Wide Web.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1990

Transplacental cardiovascular effects of four popular analgesics in rats.

The purpose of this study is to clarify fetal cardiovascular effects of four popular analgesics administered to a maternal animal model. Clinical doses of aspirin (14 mg/kg), acetaminophen (14 mg/kg), ibuprofen (6 mg/kg), or indomethacin (0.7 mg/kg) were administered orally to near-term rats. At 1, 4, 8, or 24 hours later fetuses were delivered by cesarean section, and were fixed immediately by the whole-body freezing technique. The ductus diameter, pericardial effusion, and volume and mass of the ventricles were studied by photographing multiple planes of the heart. Fetal ductal constriction was most remarkable with ibuprofen, with the diameter decreased 70% +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) at 1 to 8 hours. Both ventricles were dilated 60% +/- 27%, and pericardial fluid was increased 120% +/- 20%. These changes partly disappeared at 24 hours. Milder but more persistent effects were observed with indomethacin. The fetal ductus was constricted 30% at 4 to 24 hours. Pericardial fluid was increased 140% +/- 30% at 24 hours. Aspirin and acetaminophen constricted the fetal ductus 10%. In conclusion, clinical doses of ibuprofen and indomethacin constricted the fetal rat ductus and caused cardiac failure. The effects of aspirin and acetaminophen were much milder.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

The soft laser: therapeutic tool or popular placebo?

Because of the alleged effectiveness of soft laser therapy in the treatment of a wide range of medical and dental conditions, it is becoming increasingly popular with both patients and practitioners. It was the purpose of this study to assess soft laser treatment of hypersensitive dentin, gingivitis, pulp-capped teeth, herpes labialis, and nausea. Clinical trails demonstrated no advantage in augmenting or replacing conventional treatment of these conditions with soft laser therapy, despite its positive effect on patient attitude toward treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Comparative merits of eight popular media in aerometric studies of fungi.

Although cultural surveys of airborne fungi are pursued widely, the comparative virtues of popular media have not been systematically tested. To facilitate an informed choice, eight different agar media were compared using paired single-plate exposures of identical, wind-oriented, Andersen samplers. Modified Mehrlich's (MM), Sabouraud's dextrose (SAB), malt extract (MALT), V8 juice (V8), and potato dextrose-rose bengal (PDAR) agar were compared initially; potato dextrose (PDA), MALT, rose bengal streptomycin (RBS), and casein hydrolysate (CH) agar were compared during a subsequent series, as were PDA and PDAR. Overall, SAB, MALT, V8, and PDA total recoveries were similar, while MM, CH, PDAR, and RBS were significantly low in paired comparisons with one or more media. MALT and SAB produced the highest frequencies of recovery of most colony types. Bacteria were infrequently recovered on any of the media. CH and MM excluded Epicoccum but are of potential use in surveys that focus sharply on high concentrations of Cladosporium. Rose bengal-containing media performed poorly in this study and must be approached with caution and under properly controlled conditions.

Agar↗
PubMed1991

Composition of popular tobacco products in Thailand, and its relevance to disease prevention.

BACKGROUND: This report presents new findings on the composition of the three best-selling brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes, representing about 80% of market share in Thailand, and six best-selling tobacco products, including hand-rolled cigarettes and cigars. RESULTS: With one exception, all Thai cigarettes yielded higher levels of tar and nicotine than U.S. brands sold in Thailand. High levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide (CO) were found in the smoke of popular Thai cigars (Khiyo) and Burmese cigars sold in Thailand. All tobacco products tested were ranked in order of smoke yields of tar (cigarettes, 4.5 to 40.8 mg/cigarette), nicotine (0.19 to 5.77 mg/cigarette), and CO (3.1 to 9.5 mg/cigarette). The labels "very strong," "strong," and "mild," used in rating the tobacco quality by the growers in Thailand, were not found to reflect the relative nicotine and tar yields. From 1985-1990, per capita consumption of cigarettes in Thailand increased 1.4-fold. CONCLUSION: This report provides information that may prove helpful in the evaluation of the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigarettes and cigars in Thailand compared with levels in U.S. cigarettes. It is our goal to offer the scientific basis for voluntary and/or regulated reduction of the smoke yields of tobacco products in Thailand.

Advertising↗