Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERFUME”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Solubilization Site of Organic Perfume Molecules in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles: New Insights from Proton NMR Studies.

The site of incorporation of solubilizates in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar systems has been investigated by proton NMR spectroscopy. The solubilizate molecules chosen for the present study are phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol, anisole, 4-methylanisole, 4-propenylanisole, 1,8-cineole, and limonene. These molecules possess a wide variety of functional groups with different degrees of hydrophilic/hydrophobic character and are thereby solubilized at different micellar locations. Aromatic compounds, especially those having a phenolic-OH group, showed a large upfield shift of SDS methylene protons that are closely linked to the terminal sulfate groups. Additionally, in the case of phenolic compounds, the unresolved signals of the nine straight-chain bulk methylene protons of SDS are split into a broad doublet with uneven intensity. This splitting of methylene protons was found to be dependent on the concentration of the substrate. Based on these observations, probable solubilization sites and orientation of the substrate molecule within the micelles are discussed. Phenolic compounds, being the most hydrophilic among the present set, reside at the hydrophilic/hydrophobic boundary of micelle-water interface and thus influence the resonances of SDS protons the most. Aromatic methoxy and aliphatic compounds, being relatively more hydrophobic in nature, reside inside the micellar core and thereby result in smaller shifts. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Juggling with volatiles: exposure of perfumes by displaying male orchid bees.

Male orchid bees (Euglossini) pollinate 10% of the neotropical orchid flora while collecting floral scents, which they store and accumulate in hind tibial pouches. The purpose of these fragrances is unclear, as is the context, timing and mechanism of their possible exposure. Here we show for the first time that males expose and relocate their fragrances during courtship display. We present high-speed video analyses revealing an intricate and repetitive leg movement performed by displaying male Euglossa cognata. The behavior involves several morphological structures of hitherto unknown function and suggests transfer of substances from the hind tibia to a contralateral mid-tibial tuft of hairs. Body-side-specific fluorescent dye application and consecutive detection of signals on males after display confirmed this transfer. Deposited on the mid-tibial tufts, the fragrances are ideally placed in order to become ventilated by jugal combs on the wing bases, as previously suggested by Bembé (in Apidologie 35:288-291, 2004). Being clearly distinct from motor patterns involved in fragrance collection, the described movement is continuously performed by displaying males, suggesting an equally continuous exposure of volatiles. Although the findings strengthen, the view that the volatiles serve as attractants in the context of mating behavior, the signal addressee, conspecific males or females, has yet to be found.

Animal Communication↗
PubMed2002

The formation and function of plant volatiles: perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense.

Plants synthesize and emit a large variety of volatile organic compounds with terpenoids and fatty-acid derivatives the dominant classes. Whereas some volatiles are probably common to almost all plants, others are specific to only one or a few related taxa. The rapid progress in elucidating the biosynthetic pathways, enzymes, and genes involved in the formation of plant volatiles allows their physiology and function to be rigorously investigated at the molecular and biochemical levels. Floral volatiles serve as attractants for species-specific pollinators, whereas the volatiles emitted from vegetative parts, especially those released after herbivory, appear to protect plants by deterring herbivores and by attracting the enemies of herbivores.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1955

Perfume softened.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ointments↗
PubMed2003

The composition of fine fragrances is changing.

High frequencies of contact allergy to fragrance ingredients have been reported in recent years. Developments in analytical chemistry have made it possible to measure exposure to well-known fragrance contact allergens. It has been shown that exposure is widespread in different types of products. The products with the highest concentrations of allergens have been shown to be prestige perfumes intended for women. This investigation explores the possible development in formulation of prestige perfumes, with regard to their content of the chemically defined ingredients of the diagnostic patch test material, the fragrance mix (FM). 10 fine fragrances were subjected to chemical analysis: 5 of these had been launched years ago (1921-1990) and 5 were the latest launches by the same companies, introduced 2 months to 4 years before purchase. The analysis revealed that the 5 old perfumes contained a mean of 5 of the 7 target allergens of the FM, while the new perfumes contained a mean of 2.8 of the allergens. The mean concentrations of the target allergens were 2.6 times higher in the old perfumes than in the new perfumes, range 2.2-337. It is concluded that the old perfumes, which are still popular products on the market, have a different composition from the new perfumes. This may be due to change in fashion or to an effort by the fragrance industry to focus on fragrance contact allergy, especially that to the FM ingredients.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of mutual information content for EEG responses to odor stimulation for subjects classified by occupation.

To investigate the changes of cortico-cortical connectivity during odor stimulation of subjects classified by occupation, the mutual information content of EEGs was examined for general workers, perfume salespersons and professional perfume researchers. Analysis of the averaged-cross mutual information content (A-CMI) from the EEGs revealed that among the professional perfume researchers changes in the A-CMI values during odor stimulation were more apparent in the frontal region of the brain, while for the general workers and perfume salespersons such changes were more conspicuous in the overall posterior temporal, parietal and frontal regions. These results indicate that the brains of professional perfume researchers respond to odors mainly in the frontal region, reflecting the function of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) due to the occupational requirement of these subjects to discriminate or identify odors. During odor stimulation, the perfume salespersons, although relatively more exposed to odors than the general workers, showed similar changes to the general workers. The A-CMI value is in inverse proportion to psychological preferences of the professional perfume researchers and perfume salespersons, though this is not the case with the general workers. This result suggests that functional coupling for people who are occupationally exposed to odors may be related to psychological preference.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of volatile compounds on excimer laser power delivery.

PURPOSE: To determine whether vapors from perfume, hairspray, oil-based paint, or water-based paint affect excimer laser beam power delivery at the corneal surface. METHODS: We measured the power delivery of an Apex Plus laser before, during, and after exposure to vapors from the following volatile compounds: three types of perfume, hair spray, an oil-based paint, and a water-based paint. A digital calorimeter was used to measure the steady-state beam power of the laser during laser discharge at the corneal plane. Multiple trials were run with each compound, and the change in laser energy over time was examined to determine if any of the compounds caused degradation of the laser optics. RESULTS: The presence of a volatile compound in the room caused no change in mean laser energy in comparison to before and after the compound was present. However, perfumes caused a progressive decline in laser beam power throughout the trials. Controlling for this progressive decline, there was no significant difference from perfume to perfume. CONCLUSIONS: None of the compounds tested caused a decline in laser beam power while present in the room. However, the presence of any perfume caused a deterioration in beam power over time, suggesting a degradation of the laser optics for all perfumes. Laser centers should consider advising their patients and staff to not wear perfumes in the laser suite.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1998

Methacholine provocations do not reveal sensitivity to strong scents.

BACKGROUND: It is common among patients with asthma to report sensitivity to strong scents. Provocations with methacholine are often used to verify this sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of methacholine provocations in asthmatic patients complaining about sensitivity to strong scents, we compared sensitivity to methacholine and reactions to provocation with perfume. METHODS: Ten asthmatic patients having a PC20 less than 2 mg methacholine/mL were provoked with perfume or saline on four occasions. On two occasions, the patients wore a nose clip and underwent provocations with perfume for 5 and 30 minutes, respectively. On one occasion, the patients were provoked with perfume but without a nose clip for five minutes. All patients were also subjected to provocation with a placebo (saline). They were asked to estimate their sensitivity to strong scents in connections with symptoms of asthma. RESULTS: No changes in lung function occurred after any of the provocations with perfume compared with the baseline or with placebo. Although all patients were very sensitive to methacholine, no relationship was found to their reported sensitivity to strong scents in connection with asthmatic symptoms. CONCLUSION: In this study, asthmatic patients who were very sensitive to methacholine were not affected by provocations with perfume. One may therefore question the value of provocations with methacholine in patients complaining of symptoms after contact with strong scents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osmophobia and taste abnormality in migraineurs: a tertiary care study.

OBJECTIVES: This study assesses osmophobia and taste abnormality for the first time in a large sample of migraine patients. METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty seven migraineurs were evaluated. Osmophobia, taste abnormality, and perfume or odor trigger were graded from 0 to 3. RESULTS: In patients with data, 24.7% of 673 patients complained of osmophobia (12.5% occasional, 7% frequent, and 5.2% very frequent) and 24.6% of 505 of taste abnormality (13.5% occasional, 6.1% frequent, and 5.0% very frequent). Perfume or odor trigger of acute migraine occurred in 45.5% of 724 patients (22.7% occasional, 10.2% frequent, and 12.6% very frequent). Perfume or odor trigger was associated with osmophobia in 61.5% and taste abnormality 62.1%. Osmophobia without taste abnormality occurred in 28.3% and taste abnormality without osmophobia in 40.3%. A greater percentage of females than males had osmophobia (25.7 vs. 17.5), taste abnormality (25.4 vs. 17.9), and perfume or odor trigger (49.3 vs. 22.1), all P<.0001. CONCLUSIONS: Osmophobia and taste abnormality occur in about one quarter of migraineurs during an acute migraine attack while perfume or odor trigger migraine in almost 50% of patients. Osmophobia and taste abnormality in the acute migraine attack, as well as perfumes or odor as a migraine trigger, are more common in females than in males.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

A link between skin and airways regarding sensitivity to fragrance products?

BACKGROUND: Exposure to volatile fragrances is commonplace and may be related to various eye and airway symptoms. Skin exposure to fragrances is known to cause perfume contact allergy and eczema, but it is unknown whether eye or airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products are associated with contact allergy or eczema. OBJECTIVES: To investigate if eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products are associated with perfume contact allergy or hand eczema in a population-based sample. METHODS: A questionnaire on eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products was mailed to 1189 individuals who had recently participated in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases. Results from the questionnaire about localization and character of the symptoms were compared with data on patch testing and 1-year prevalence of hand eczema collected during the health examination. RESULTS: Positive, independent and significant (P < 0.05) associations were found between eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products and perfume contact allergy (adjusted odds ratios 2.0-3.7) and hand eczema (adjusted odds ratios 1.6-2.6). In further analysis, similar and consistent results were found regarding severity of the symptoms. No associations were found between nickel contact allergy and the symptoms. Female sex and psychological vulnerability were independently associated with eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products, but adjustment in multivariate analysis did not change the results regarding perfume contact allergy and hand eczema. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with perfume contact allergy and/or hand eczema, as opposed to those without, have more frequent and more severe eye or airway symptoms after exposure to volatile fragrance products. Having hand eczema has the greatest impact on reporting eye and airway symptoms elicited by fragrance products.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Occupational asthma caused by scented gravel in cat litter boxes].

Perfumes are now added to articles in everyday use to an increasing extent. One example of this is addition of perfume to gravel in cat toilets. It is recognized that perfumes may cause toxic and allergic skin reactions while perfume as the cause of asthma is not so well recognized. In the case described here, exposure to industrial perfume resulted in asthma on account of irritation.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1991

The human skin: fragrances and pheromones.

Non-human mammalian pheromones are commonly used as perfumery ingredients. The actual purpose for using these compounds is as a fixative or carrier for the odor effects of the other ingredients as well as a contributor, in part, to the over-all scent of the perfume. Although such materials are used for their fixative and odor qualities rather than their pheromonal effects, perfumes are generally marketed as having the ability to enhance sexual attractiveness. While providing a scent may elicit a positive pleasant response, this should not be confused with a pheromone response. The attractive effect of perfumes is principally related to the effect of the pleasant scent. A more logical approach would be to use human pheromones which, for humans, are both more natural and more effective as true sensual attractants. It seems likely that implementation of this approach will constitute an important paradigm in the perfume industry as perfumery moves from the realm of art to that of science.

Administration, Cutaneous↗