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PubMedDate not supplied

[The pathological dominant and the stable pathological state].

The pathological dominant is considered at a model of alcohol motivation which is in competitive relations with drinking motivation. The steady pathological state is considered at a model of seizure readiness in rats with audiogenic epileptiform seizures. The alcohol motivation might be ceased by the activation of competitive systems (thirst motivation), but the level of seizure readiness might be lowered intrasystemically, for example, by the habituation mechanisms.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Automatic coding of pathologic cancer variables by the search of strings of text in the pathology reports. The experience of the Tuscany Cancer Registry].

The present study evaluates the application of an automatic system for variables coding by means of strings reading in the text of the pathology reports, in the database of the Tuscany Cancer Registry. Incidence data for the years 2000 (n. 6297) and 2001 (n. 6291) for subjects for whom computerised pathology reports were available were included. The system is based on Queries (SQL language) linked to Functions (Visual Basic for Applications) that work on Windows Access. The agreement between original data inputted by the registrars and variables coded by means of automatic reading has been evaluated by means of Cohen's kappa. The following variables were analysed: cancer site (kappa = 0.87 between "manual" and automatic coding, for cases incident in the year 2001), morphology (kappa=0.75), Berg's morphology groups (kappa=0.87), behaviour (kappa=0.70), grading (kappa=0.90), Gleason (kappa=0.90), focality (kappa=0.86), lateralily (kappa=0.36), pT (kappa=0.92), pN (kappa=0.76), pM (kappa=0.28), number of lymph nodes (kappa=0.69), number of positive lymph nodes (kappa=0.70), Breslow thickness (kappa=0.94), Clark level (kappa=0.91), Dukes (kappa=0.74). The system of automatic reading of strings allows to collect a very huge amount of reliable information and its use should be implemented by the Registries.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnostic significance of pathologic synkinesis for detection of pyramidal pathology].

Five types of pathological synkinesis (++blepharo-ocular, ++blepharo-facial, ++bucco-manual, ++digito-digital on the hands, ++pedo-digital) are described. They are of definite importance for revealing pyramidal pathology including its early stages as well as for objective evaluation and observation of the time-course of changes in the illness.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical-pathological classification of cancer of the cervix uteri (SPS--surgical-pathological staging)].

Actual opinions concerning the application of the surgical-pathological staging of patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix are presented. On account of the analysis of the data taken from pertinent literature concerning among others the benefits of more precise diagnoses applying the diagnostic laparotomy, the author presents the opinion that surgical-pathologic staging appears to be expedient in early stages of clinical advancement of the neoplasms in association with radical surgical intervention. The expediency of this staging in more advanced cases is at present questionable in view of the inadequacy of so far applicable programmes of chemotherapy.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1989

[The correlation between dental pathology and ophthalmic pathology].

The study aims to assess the correlation between dental pathologies and ophthalmic diseases. Based on a statistical evaluation, the study examines the presence of dental diseases in patients suffering from optic neuritis or uveitis in comparison to a control group of subjects. The possible interactions between the two ophthalmic pathologies and dental diseases are then analyzed in order to highlight possible clinical signs which may be useful for their identification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Prognostic significance of pathology in 3, 147 cases of colorectal cancer. National Cooperative Group on Pathology and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer].

This paper analyses the pathological features and prognosis in 3,147 cases of colorectal carcinoma collected from thirteen colleges, institutes and hospitals. The results reveal: The mean 5 year survival rate of 3,147 cases of colorectal carcinoma is 50.21%. The age of patient, tumor location, size, gross typing, histologic classification, growth pattern, the depth of infiltration, the metastasis into lymph nodes, the lymphocyte infiltration and fibrous proliferation surrounding the cancer are all prognostic. The depth of infiltration and metastasis into lymph nodes are the chief determinant of prognosis. The prognosis is much better in cases without penetrating the musculature or prognosis. The prognosis is much better in cases without penetrating the musculature or metastasis into lymph nodes than otherwise. It is better in those with metastases into 1-2 2 lymph nodes than with 3 or more. The histological types reflect the biologic nature of the cancer, exercising the most decisive influence upon the prognosis. The various pathologic changes are all closely associated with it. There is much difference in prognosis among well, moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (70.3%, 49.6% and 26.6%) whereas almost no difference exists among the different histologic types with the same degree of differentiation. This indicates that it is the cancer differentiation which plays the important role in the prognosis. 4. The immune response in the regional lymph nodes, the lymphocyte infiltration and fibrous proliferation surrounding the cancer reflect the immune status of the organism against the cancer and favorably affect the prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 11. Development of pathological frequency in dairy cow stock as a function of the stage of lactation].

The study of disease distribution observed during lactation shows that three patterns of pathology may be described: diseases for which critical period is post-partum time: we observed during the first month of lactation 32.2% of cases of clinical mastitis, 43.9% of cases of metritis, 37.9% of digestive disorders, 59.6% of appetite troubles, 23.1% of treat lesions and 52.9% of udder edema. The monthly curve squares with asymptotic function. foot disorders for which the high milk yield production period is the more sensible time (three first month of lactation). The monthly curve, near a linear decreasing, squares with a quadratic or square-root function. ovarian pathology for which frequencies depends more acute attention from breeders or clinicians to reproductive disorders than objective observation of ovarian dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 10. Variation of pathological frequency in dairy cow stock as a function of season, year and number of lactations].

The distribution of main herd diseases in course of time is studied with the season, the year and number of lactation. There is a seasonal effect for retained placenta, spring and summer being a favorable time for the increase of their frequency. Milk fever is also more frequent during summer. Out-calving pathologies are more frequent during housing time, but we do not observe any monthly variation for ovarian pathology. The age is a risk factor for milk fever and retained placenta. On the contrary, dystocia and stillbirth are more common on heifers. All the metabolic disorders and infectious diseases (mastitis-metritis) seem to be more frequent on old cows. The variations between years are interpretable with difficulty because they depend on the regularity in the quality of collected data. More, the necessity for the breeders to observe conscientiously their animals is a favouring factor for the improvement of the health status of the herd.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathology in Malagasy lemurs and their relation to human pathology].

From researches conducted in Institute Pasteur in Madagascar and from bibliographical work, the authors try to draw up a general picture of the pathology of lemurs. Several aspects are developed (bacteriology, hematology, mycology, parasitology, virology), especially those which could be interesting for human pathology, for instance the relationships between lemurs and viruses because of the arbovirus programme in progress in Institute Pasteur. The authors emphasize on the possible use of lemurs, the only non human primate in Madagascar, as laboratory animals in order to develop colonies and, then, to promote their conservation.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology: VII. Aviation pathology in relation to aviation safety.

The mainstay of accident-prevention programs--and accident prevention programs, after all is said and done, are the ultimate objective--has been to educate populations exposed to certain hazards with respect to the nature of the risks involved. While human engineering can frequently limit or diminish the hazard potential in a given situation, it is unlikely that mechanical contrivances alone will offer a pragmatic solution to the human-factor accident. I would invite this group to expend its talent in further developing the application of clinical pathology as well as pathologic anatomy to the still-unanswered problems in aviation safety and join with us at the Naval Safety Center in an effort to make our air operation as safe as possible.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed2000

Into 2000: the journal of pathology on the web

The Journal of Pathology is now available to institutional and member subscribers in both PDF and HTML formats. The use of HTML offers the possibility of various enhancements to the Journal's content, including the creation of hot links to cited articles, which will greatly ease the access to relevant literature. Articles will shortly be made available online before the print issues, allowing for early dissemination. The Journal will also soon be able to publish supplementary material in electronic format only. A personalized e-mail alerting service could be provided to subscribers with defined areas of special interest. Authors and readers are encouraged to express their views on these and other potential developments, by communicating with the Editor-in-Chief (e-mail: j.pathology@qub.ac.uk). Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Flow cytometric DNA and phenotype analysis in pathology. A meeting report of a symposium at the annual conference of the German Society of Pathology, Kiel, Germany, 6-9 June 2000.

This meeting report summarizes the presentations of three different groups that are active in the field of flow cytometry (FCM) in relation to diagnosing and classification of proliferative disorders. The report starts with the contribution from Regensburg about the developments in DNA FCM, the progression to dual parameter determinations, and combination of immunophenotyping in combination with DNA. In the second part, the use of FCM for the detection of isolated tumor cells in the peripheral blood from patients with prostate or breast cancer is discussed in a contribution from Münster. In the third part, from Heerlen, the use of multi-parameter FCM on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from solid tumors is discussed as a new development and application in routine surgical pathology.

DNA↗
PubMed1980

Toward a new human pathology. I. Biopathological populations, or sets: a substitute for the old pathology's diseases.

Diseases are class concepts. They are used to group biomedical cases according to biopathological similarities perceived among them. Because calss concepts are mutually exclusive, a patient's ailment has to be considered as one, and only one, disease. However, as biotechnical data have multiplied, cross-over similarities among cases in different disease classes have become troublesomely frequent. For that reason, the abundance of data requires a method to handle overlap. Set theory differs from classification theory by allowing overlap among categories. Using set theory, a pathologist can assign a given case to as many biopathological sets as the data require. Therefore, biopathological set theory provides a substitute for mutually exclusive diseases, which are no longer a serviceable way to categorize cases and to organize the data of human pathology.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed2002

The implementation of guidelines and computerised forms improves the completeness of cancer pathology reporting. The CROPS project: a randomised controlled trial in pathology.

The aim of this study was to determine whether reporting guidelines and computerised form-based reports improve the completeness of histopathological cancer data available for patient management and population cancer registration and to evaluate the acceptability of the intervention. The study was a randomised controlled trial with a split unit design and stratified cluster randomisation. All 16 hospital pathology laboratories in Wales were randomly allocated to report either breast or colorectal resection specimens by computerised form or conventional free text. 1044 reports were analysed in the study arm, 998 in the control arm. Use of pre-defined forms led to a 28.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.7-41.2%) increase in complete reporting of a minimum dataset required for cancer registration and a 24.5% (95% CI: 11.0-38.0%) increase in complete reporting of minimum data required for patient management. Form-based reporting was acceptable to pathologists and preferred by clinicians. In conclusion, guidelines and computerised forms significantly improve the quality of histopathology reporting.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

A theory of cellular-function pathology: further development of Virchow's theory of cellular pathology.

A new theory of pathology is introduced. The human cell is an organism in itself. It fulfills both cell-oriented and organism-oriented functions. Impairment of either one of these functions may lead to disease. This means that a structural lesion of a cell is not a sole and necessary cause of the beginning of disease. When a cell-oriented function is impaired the cell suffers, but the overt symptoms at the organ-organism level might be absent for a very long time. This is how a chronic asymptomatic disease starts. Measures of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment should be centered upon maintenance and restoration of a balance between the cell-oriented and organism-oriented cellular functions.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Preservation of pathology specimens by silicone plastination. An innovative adjunct to pathology education.

The authors have used the process of plastination to preserve gross anatomic specimens for teaching purposes. A specimen is fixed in 10% buffered formalin and dehydrated in increasing grades of ethanol. Thereafter it is saturated with methylene chloride and then impregnated in vacuo at -20 degrees C with silicone rubber. Final steps involve drainage and exposure to a curing agent. The total time required is approximately 16 weeks. The finished plastinated specimen is dry to the touch, odorless, and nontoxic, yet it maintains its original shape and, in many cases, is reasonably close in color and consistency. It resists deterioration and can be stored at room temperature indefinitely. The authors have found plastinated specimens to be superior to those preserved in formalin for teaching anatomic pathology to undergraduate medical students.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗