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The role of serotonin in sexual dysfunction: fluoxetine-associated orgasm dysfunction.

Iatrogenic sexual dysfunction has been associated with many pharmacologic agents. The authors report 6 cases of orgasm dysfunction associated with the use of fluorxetine in 77 depressed outpatients. Fluoxetine is a novel antidepressant known to block the reuptake of serotonin with little effect on other neurotransmitter systems. Because fluoxetine has a specific mechanism of action, it serves as a useful model to hypothesize about potential mechanisms of drug-induced sexual dysfunction. The possible effects of serotonin on central, spinal, and peripheral anatomical areas are discussed in relation to drug-induced sexual dysfunction.

Adult↗

Inhibited female orgasm resulting from psychotropic drugs. A five-year, updated, clinical review.

As of 1989, the psychotropic drugs that have been reported to inhibit female orgasm include antipsychotic agents (thioridazine, trifluoperazine and fluphenazine), the combination drug perphenazine/amitriptyline, antidepressants (phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, amoxapine, clomipramine, imipramine, nortriptyline and desipramine) and anxiolytic agents (diazepam, flurazepam and alprazolam). The management of psychotropic-drug-induced female anorgasmia includes discontinuation of the offending drug, reduction of the dosage level, a wait for spontaneous remission while the patient remains on the agent and substitution of another medication. The use of bethanechol chloride and cyproheptadine has been successful in resolving anorgasmia while patients continue to receive antidepressants.

Female↗

[Subjective orgasm experience in the female].

500 women were questioned to problems of the female sexuality. Particular attention was dedicated questiones of orgasm events. Correlations were made between the biological determination and the social position of women in the society. It is discussed coincidences but also fundamental differences caused by change of the part of the women in family and society.

Adolescent↗

[Female orgasmic nodules].

During experimental female orgasm (or illation), the prominence of five stages which correspond to the orgastic raise. This raise leads to the apparition of very characteristic nodules, which are structured as they group desquamed vaginal cells together with transuded blood cells. Furthermore, the loss of pseudocrystallization of the ovulatory cervical phlegm is to be noted ("fern type crystallization"). An enzymatic explanation for these phenomena, which lead to the intervention of hyaluronidases, may be proposed.

Arousal↗

Orgasmic dysfunction.

Orgasmic disorders are common in women. Unfortunately a lack of consistent, uniform definitions has made this a difficult disorder to study in depth. Etiology is frequently multifactorial, with psychologic issues often playing a prominent role. Diagnosis depends on a detailed history, which then guides treatment to target the underlying causes. Cognitive behavioral therapy has the most favorable outcome evidence to date.

Adult↗

The meaning of heterosexual intercourse among women with female orgasmic disorder.

The present studies attempt to portray the unique profile of the subjective meaning of heterosexual intercourse in women with Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD). In Studies 1 and 2, the Meaning of Heterosexual Intercourse Scale for Women (MHISW) was developed. In Study 3, the MHISW was administered to 36 self-referred women with FOD, 26 nonreferred women with FOD, and 36 sexually functional women. Findings indicated that self-referred women with FOD scored higher than both nonreferred women with FOD and sexually functional women on factors with an aversive nature related to feelings of alienation and anxieties, whereas nonreferred women with FOD scored higher on few of these aversive factors in comparison with sexually functional women. Interestingly, sexually functional women scored higher than women with FOD on only a limited number of factors with relational and instrumental positive connotations. The contribution of the findings to the understanding FOD was discussed.

Adult↗

The prevalence of phimosis of the clitoris in women presenting to the sexual dysfunction clinic: lack of correlation to disorders of desire, arousal and orgasm.

Physical examination of the genitalia was performed during an evaluation of women with sexual health problems. Cephalad displacement of the right and left labia minora enables full retraction of the clitoral prepuce and complete exposure of the glans clitoris, under normal circumstances. We defined clitoral examination as abnormal when the cephalad force resulted in varying degrees of incomplete foreskin retraction and limited exposure of the glans clitoris. The pathophysiology is likely to be secondary to recurrent vulvar dermal infections of blunt trauma changing prepucial elasticity. Clitoral phimosis, a previously undiagnosed physical finding, was identified in 22% of the women. Other than its link to sexual pain, the clinical significance of this finding, in particular the relation to diminished sensitivity and impaired orgasmic capability, is unclear at this time.

Adult↗

Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in women with female orgasmic disorder and in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

The Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI; Rosen et al., 2000) is a self-report measure of sexual functioning that has been validated on a clinically diagnosed sample of women with female sexual arousal disorder. The present investigation extended the validation of the FSFI to include women with a primary clinical diagnosis of female orgasmic disorder (FOD; n = 71) or hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD; n = 44). Internal consistency and divergent validity of the FSFI were within the acceptable range for these populations of women. Significant differences between women with FOD and controls and between women with HSDD and controls were noted for each of the FSFI domain and total scores.

Adult↗