Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Oregon”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Comparison of hydrology of wetlands in Pennsylvania and Oregon (USA) as an indicator of transferability of hydrogeomorphic (HGM) functional models between regions.

The hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach to wetland classification and functional assessment is becoming more widespread in the United States but its use has been limited by the length of time needed to develop appropriate data sets and functional assessment models. One particularly difficult aspect is the transferability among geographic regions of specific models used to assess wetland function. Sharing of models could considerably shorten development and implementation of HGM throughout the United States and elsewhere. As hydrology is the driving force behind wetland functions, we assessed the comparability of hydrologic characteristics of three HGM subclasses (slope, headwater floodplain, mainstem floodplain) using comparable long-term hydrologic data sets from different regions of the United States (Ridge and Valley Province in Pennsylvania and the Willamette Valley in Oregon). If hydrology by HGM subclass were similar between different geographic regions, it might be possible to more readily transfer extant models between those regions. We found that slope wetlands (typically groundwater-driven) had similar hydrologic characteristics, even though absolute details (such as depth of water) differed. We did not find the floodplain subclasses to be comparable, likely due to effects of urbanization in Oregon, regional differences in soils and, perhaps, climate. Slight differences in hydrology can shift wetland functions from those mediated by aerobic processes to those dominated by anaerobic processes. Functions such as nutrient cycling can be noticeably altered as a result. Our data suggest considerable caution in the application of models outside of the region for which they were developed.

Climate↗
PubMed1995

Satellite in vitro fertilization: the Oregon experience.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the results of preliminary evaluation, ovarian hyperstimulation, and monitoring of patients at a distant in vitro fertilization satellite center with those treated at the main campus of the program. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-four patients completing oocyte retrieval cycles at the Eugene satellite Oregon Health Sciences University in vitro fertilization program for the period Jan. 1, 1991, through Dec. 31, 1993, were compared with 222 patients at the main campus for age, peak estradiol level, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos, clinical pregnancy rate, and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the Eugene in vitro fertilization satellite center and the main campus for any of the factors analyzed with the exception of clinical pregnancy rate. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle at the Eugene satellite center was 39% while the Portland main campus rate was 23% (p = 0.027), presumably because of a larger number of couples with severe male factor infertility at the central site. CONCLUSION: A distant in vitro fertilization satellite program was highly successful in the Oregon experience. In addition to greater convenience to the patients, the program was highly comparable to the main campus program in measured parameter of ovarian hyperstimulation, oocyte retrieval, number of embryos, and pregnancy rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The epizootiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in selected areas of Oregon.

A study was initiated to (1) determine species of gastrointestinal nematodes present in cattle in selected areas of Oregon, (2) examine seasonal abundance of these nematodes as an indicator of periods of transmission, and (3) determine when developmental inhibition occurs in the major genera of nematodes encountered. Four study sites were chosen: Corvallis, Langlois, near Fort Rock, and southeast of Klamath Falls on the Oregon-California border. Eight sets of three to four tracer calves each were introduced onto pasture at each site over a 2 year period with time of turn out onto pasture corresponding to late spring, mid-summer, late fall and late winter. At Corvallis, a distinct seasonality in parasite transmission was evident, peaking during the fall and winter. At Langlois, transmission was fairly constant throughout the year. No discernible patterns were evident at either Klamath Falls or Fort Rock. Eight nematode genera were found during the study. Ostertagia, Cooperia, Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus were present at all study sites and were the most common genera at each. Trichuris was found at all sites except Klamath Falls. Oesophagostomum was present in tracers only from Langlois and Corvallis while Haemonchus was found only at Klamath Falls and Fort Rock. Capillaria was only present at Klamath Falls. Where possible, specific transmission patterns for Nematodirus, Cooperia, and Ostertagia were determined for each site. Nematodirus was transmitted fairly steadily at both Langlois and Corvallis but was quite variable at Fort Rock. Developmental arrest was detected in this genus at all study sites during the fall and/or winter. Cooperia exhibited the most seasonally defined pattern of transmission, peaking during the fall and winter at Langlois, Corvallis and Klamath Falls. Hypobiotic larvae of Cooperia were present during the fall and/or winter only at Langlois and Corvallis. Peak transmission of Ostertagia at Langlois and Corvallis occurred during the fall and winter. At Fort Rock, transmission was lowest in the fall and increased in the winter. Hypobiotic larvae were evident in the fall and winter at Corvallis, Fort Rock and Klamath Falls. These data suggest Type II ostertagiasis may occur in late winter through spring in these areas. Hypobiotic larvae of Ostertagia were not detected at Langlois. The lack of appropriate environmental stimuli is one possible explanation for the apparent lack of hypobiosis at that site.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Occupational vehicular accident claims: a workers' compensation analysis of Oregon truck drivers 1990-1997.

This study used workers' compensation data from Oregon from 1990 to 1997 to examine workers' compensation claims from vehicular accidents by truck drivers, and to calculate claim rate estimates using baseline data derived from the US Bureau of Census' Current Population Surveys. During this period, 1168 valid injury claims due to vehicular accidents were filed representing an accident claim rate of 50.3 (95% CI: 45.1-55.5) per 10,000 truck drivers annually. There were 19 work-related vehicular accident fatalities recorded in the data over the 8-year period. Of all claimants, males constituted the majority (80.7%), most were 35 years of age or younger (51.4%) and had less than 1 year of job tenure (51.0%). Truck driver claim rates due to vehicular accidents were lowest during the 6 a.m. to 12 p.m. period. The average amount of compensable lost work days per injury claim was 57.8 days (S.D.=124.7) and the median claim time was 16.0 days with the inter-quartile range being 53.5 days. The amount of lost work reported increased with the claimant's age. A total of US$ 11,642,635 was paid in claims for vehicular accidents of truck drivers in Oregon over the time examined, which averaged US$ 9966 per claim, with a median claim amount of US$ 2590 and inter-quartile range of US$ 7670. Claims citing sprains were the most frequently recorded injury experienced from vehicular accidents.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

Geographic variation in sentinel node adaptation by practicing surgeons in Oregon.

BACKGROUND: The sentinel node biopsy (SNB) technique is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and melanoma. However, surgeons in Oregon have not universally adopted its use. METHODS: Mailed questionnaire. RESULTS: The response rate was 32%. Seventy-four (76%) of the surgical respondents perform routine SNB; 49% completed courses, and 32% learned the technique in residency. Sixty-one (89%) performed axillary dissection with their initial cases. It took 21 of 40 (52%) surgeons greater than a year to accrue 20 cases. Of 23 surgeons (24%) not performing SNB, 89% believed it was an important skill to obtain, and 70% thought they would benefit from proctoring opportunities. Six (26%) did not have technological support at their hospital. Surgeons at hospitals with less than 50 beds (P = .001) and at rural hospitals (P = .003) were less likely to perform SNB. CONCLUSION: The majority of urban general surgeons in Oregon use SNB in their practice. However, the incorporation of SNB for surgeons practicing in smaller hospitals and rural settings is less frequent than in the urban environment. As SNB becomes the standard of care, we need to overcome these barriers so that patients can have access to this procedure in their own communities.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Evaluating Oregon's beach sites for application to United States Environmental Protection Agency's BEACH Act criteria.

With the passage of the Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health (BEACH) Act in 2000, coastal states were mandated to assess and sample coastal recreational waters for bacterial ambient water quality parameters. The assessment of beach sites required the application of federal guidelines and a tiered approach to delineating the beaches. Eighty-seven beach sites in Oregon were evaluated and ranked by use, available information, pollution threats, sanitary survey and monitoring data results, exposure considerations, and economic/development factors. This ranking resulted in 19 high priority beaches (tier 1), five medium priority beaches (tier 2), 23 low priority beaches, and 40 beaches with a rank of none in Oregon.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2006

Oregon Beach Monitoring Program: Bacterial exceedances in marine and freshwater creeks/outfall samples, October 2002-April 2005.

A total of 3086 samples, both marine (2916) and freshwater creeks/outfall samples (170) were collected and analyzed for enterococci during October 2002-April 2005, from 52 designated beaches in Oregon. A total of 3.2% (99/3086) of the samples at 21 beaches exceeded 158 most probable number (MPN)/100 milliliters (mL). The average enterococci levels of these 99 exceedances was 559 MPN/100 mL, with a maximum of 4352 MPN/100 mL (Otter Rock and Ona) and a minimum of 160 MPN/100 mL (Sunset Bay State Park, Bastendorff, and Mill). For marine water, 77/2916 (2.6%) exceeded 158 MPN/100 mL. For freshwater, 22/170 (12.9%) exceeded 158 MPN/100 mL, with a maximum of 587 MPN/100 mL at Sunset Bay. Sixty percent of the marine and 9% of freshwater exceedances occurred during the winter. Seventy-two percent (55/77) of the marine exceedances occurred after rainfall events (0.01-60.0 mm). At Harris and Mill Beaches, cumulative rainfall was highly correlated with bacterial densities, R = 0.7. Rainfall, at both beaches, explained about one-half the variation in log10 bacteria density (R2 = 0.5). Additional monitoring is warranted to further characterize bacterial contamination in Oregon waters.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed1997

Methylmercury in fish from Owyhee Reservoir in southeast Oregon: scientific uncertainty and fish advisories.

Data collected during 1987-1994 showed elevated levels of mercury (Hg) in fish tissue from the Owyhee Reservoir in southeastern Oregon. Sixty-five percent of the samples analyzed had total Hg levels exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) health screening value of 0.6 mg/kg. Eighteen out of 89 (20%) fish tissue samples also had total Hg levels greater than the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) mercury action level of 1.0 mg/kg. The overall mean Hg content for all fish collected from the reservoir was 0.75 mg/kg wet weight (wet wt.). Fish muscle taken from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) had the highest mean Hg levels of 0.92, 0.87 and 0.82 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) had the lowest mean Hg content of 0.37 mg/kg. Increases in total Hg concentrations were found to be positively correlated with size for rainbow trout and yellow perch. A weak but significant correlation was also observed between total mercury content and age for smallmouth bass. Based on these data, in 1994 the Oregon Health Division (OHD) issued a fish consumption advisory for the Owyhee Reservoir using a conservative risk-based approach. The process of defining and communicating these consumption limits is the subject of this paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Electronic access to tinnitus data: the Oregon Tinnitus Data Archive.

The recently published Oregon Tinnitus Data Archive can be viewed by anyone with Internet access and World Wide Web browser software. A dynamically changing document to be amplified and upgraded in future versions, at present the Archive summarizes records from 1630 patients with tinnitus seen between 1982 and 1992 at the Tinnitus Clinic of the Oregon Health Sciences University. The Archive has many features of standard journal publications but also has added advantages of extensive appendixes and other background information, as well as the ease of use and flexibility offered by hypertext documents. The data in the Archive can be used for a variety of clinical and research purposes such as development of prevalence estimates for medical conditions or etiologic circumstances associated with tinnitus, testing of clinical impressions and other hypotheses, and efforts to identify risk factors and possible causal agents for tinnitus.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exostoses of the external auditory canal in Oregon surfers.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to determine the cold water exposure necessary to produce exostoses of the external auditory canal in individuals who predominantly surf along the Oregon and/or the northern California coastline and to ascertain from surfers' otologic histories symptoms attributable to exostoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Free ear examinations were provided at two surf shops in northern Oregon. The ear canals were examined with an otoscope, and each surfer was given a summary score indicating the percentage of both canals that was obstructed by exostoses. Surfers were then categorized according to the number of years surfing and the number of sessions surfing per year. RESULTS: Twenty-one surfers met our criteria for analysis. The degree of ear canal obstruction significantly increased with increasing number of years surfing (P < .001) and with increasing number of sessions surfing per year (P < .01). The median summary scores were 7.5, 63.0, and 93.0 for individuals who respectively surfed between 1 and 5 years, between 6 and 15 years, and greater than 15 years. The median summary scores were 10.0 for individuals who surfed 50 sessions or less per year versus 87.5 for individuals who surfed greater than 50 sessions per year. Most surfers with exostoses had minimal complaints. Only one patient had a history of surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Individuals who surf 5 years or less are unlikely to develop exostoses unless they are surfing greater than 50 sessions per year. Exostoses are typically a benign malady that do not require surgical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain prevalence and pain treatments for residents in Oregon nursing homes.

The Client Care Monitoring Unit of Oregon's Senior and Disabled Services Division developed and conducted a study with survey-generated information to describe the prevalence of pain and the effectiveness of pain interventions for residents of Oregon nursing home facilities. Forty-four percent of sampled residents who were identified as having pain management needs were found to have problematic treatment regimens. Reports of surveyors' experiences during information collection and review of the Medicare/Medicaid recertification reports of the sampled facilities revealed that lack of assessment, and reevaluation of the effectiveness of treatment for pain were the chief contributing factors that led to these findings.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of physician and patient compliance with the use of peak flow meters in commercial insurance and Oregon health plan asthmatic populations.

BACKGROUND: Home use of peak expiratory flow (PEF) meters is recommended by NIH management guidelines for patients with moderate to severe asthma. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether differences in physician PEF meter prescription patterns and patient compliance rates with PEF meter use exist between populations of commercially insured and Oregon Health Plan (OHP) patients. METHODS: A prospective, case-series study was conducted at the Bay Clinic Coos Bay, Oregon. Volunteers responded to a short survey. Patient asthma severity was evaluated by responses to the following questions: (1) frequency of shortness of breath per week, (2) daily and weekly frequency of albuterol rescue inhaler use, and (3) other prescription medications used. Additional questions included: (1) possession of a PEF meter, (2) physician instruction of meter use, (3) patient compliance with instructions, and (4) type of medical insurance. Using NIH asthma stratification guidelines, only respondents with moderate to severe asthma were included in this study. Respondents were age restricted to between 6 and 60 years. Incomplete surveys were not accepted. RESULTS: Ninety-six surveys were received and 54 accepted. Only 24 (44%) of the 54 respondents with moderate to severe asthma had a PEF meter. Nineteen (79%) used it according to physician instructions. Of the 29 patients reporting to have commercial insurance, 18 (62%) had a PEF meter and 15 (83%) used it as prescribed. Of the 21 asthmatic patients with OHP coverage, only 5 (24%) P = .007 had a peak flow meter and 4 (80%) used it as prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude physician prescription compliance of peak flow meters for asthma monitoring falls short of the NIH guidelines. When a PEF meter is prescribed, patients will likely use it regardless of their medical insurance. Significant differences exist in physician compliance with PEF meter prescription between populations of commercially insured and OHP patients. More study is necessary to further understand this divergence in care delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Mental health in the Oregon Health Plan: fragmentation or integration?

The Oregon Health Plan was implemented in 1994 with a 50% expansion of Medicaid enrollment to include some of the working poor. Over 75% of Oregon Medicaid clients are now enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Outpatient chemical dependency services have been capitated since May 1995. Capitated mental health services have been provided for the 25% of eligibles who live in demonstration counties since January 1995. Expansion and capitation appear to have been achieved without major trauma. More challenging has been the attempted integration of public sector behavioral health services with private sector health plans. Stakeholders interviewed for this study were especially concerned about the long-term impact on Medicaid clients with chronic mental illness. Strong leadership and clear policies regarding the mixture of public, private nonprofit, and private for profit entities are necessary if the state is to achieve its aim of integration without fragmenting a system of care for people with severe mental illness.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Although surveys from many parts of the world have shown that the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in schoolchildren has increased greatly in the past 40 years, there is no current prevalence information from the United States. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the utility of a recently developed European questionnaire to estimate the prevalence of AD in urban and rural Oregon schoolchildren. METHODS: The self-administered Schultz-Larsen questionnaire (SLQ) of AD symptoms and history was completed by the parents of a broad socioeconomic and ethnic mix of 5- to 9-year-old schoolchildren from 6 urban and 2 rural elementary schools in Oregon. Validation assessments included comparisons of the questionnaire scores with clinical examination in a group of age-matched children and with specific history components known to correlate with AD. RESULTS: Data showed a prevalence of 17.2% using standard scoring criteria for the SLQ and with a lower limit of 6.8% according to highly stringent criteria derived from the validation study using dermatologic examination. A single question ("Has a doctor ever said that your child has eczema?") was highly concordant with the questionnaire determination, yielding very high predictive accuracy (91.2%). CONCLUSION: This study of childhood AD frequency indicates a high prevalence of AD in the United States, comparable to that recently observed from studies in Europe and Japan. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:649-55.).

Child↗
PubMed1999

Clinical experiences of medical students in Oregon with dying patients.

BACKGROUND: In Oregon only 31% of patients now die in acute care hospitals. This transformation carries profound implications for undergraduate medical education. METHODS: Students graduating from Oregon Health Sciences University between 1996 and 1998 were surveyed regarding their direct clinical involvement in the care of dying patients. RESULTS: Students had cared for substantial numbers of dying patients, and nearly all had participated in important advance planning discussions. However, student involvement had diminished markedly towards the latter stages of dying. Forty-five percent of the students had cared for two or fewer patients who died while still in the hospital. Even when patients died in the hospital, the students had rarely been present at the bedside at the time of patient death. Forty-two percent of the students had graduated having never witnessed a patient death. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need to create opportunities for students to care for dying patients in settings outside the acute care hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Emergence of antimicrobial-resistant shigellosis in Oregon.

Ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) are currently considered acceptable empirical therapy for shigellosis in developed countries. However, there are few recently reported studies on antimicrobial resistance among shigellae isolated in the United States. We examined the epidemiology of shigellosis and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species isolated in Oregon from July 1995 through June 1998. Of 430 isolates, 410 were identified to the species level: Shigella sonnei accounted for 55% of isolates, and Shigella flexneri, for 40%. The overall annual incidence of shigellosis was 4.4 cases per 100,000 population. Children aged <5 years (annual incidence, 19.6 cases per 100,000 population) and Hispanics (annual incidence, 28.4 cases per 100,000 population) were at highest risk. Of 369 isolates tested, 59% were resistant to TMP-SMZ, 63% were resistant to ampicillin, 1% were resistant to cefixime, and 0.3% were resistant to nalidixic acid; none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Thirteen percent of the isolates had multidrug resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Infections due to multidrug-resistant shigellae are endemic in Oregon. Neither ampicillin nor TMP-SMZ should be considered appropriate empirical therapy for shigellosis any longer; when antibiotics are indicated, a quinolone or cefixime should be used.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Changing end-of-life planning: the Oregon experience.

Large state-by-state variations exist in location of dying and level of aggressive treatment during the final phase of life. This paper describes Oregon's incremental gains toward improving advance planning for end-of-life care in a state with the lowest rate of in-hospital deaths. Action strategies have required data gathering and reporting, and coalition building with a focus on systems change. Also, public education through the news media has proved to be a vital component of Oregon's process of change. The impact of media coverage is complemented by continuing education for health professionals. Special efforts are still needed to improve access to the Physician's Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment program (POLST) for some rural, minority, and pediatric populations and for persons living at home with a diagnosis other than cancer. However, with enough time, a sustained effort, and a broad coalition of partners, profound change is possible.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed2003

Oregon physicians' perceptions of patients who request assisted suicide and their families.

In 1997, the Oregon Death with Dignity Act was enacted, allowing a physician to prescribe a lethal dose of medication for a competent, terminally ill patient who requests one. In 2000, we conducted single, semistructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 35 Oregon physicians who received a request for a lethal prescription. The interviews focused on physicians' perceptions of patients who requested assisted suicide, the reasons for the request, and the reactions of their families. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative techniques. Physicians described requesting patients as having strong and vivid personalities characterized by determination and inflexibility. These individuals wanted to control the timing and manner of death and to avoid dependence on others. These preferences reflected long-standing coping and personality traits. Physicians perceived that these patients viewed living as purposeless and too effortful, and that they were ready for death. The requests, which were forceful and persistent, could occur at any point after diagnosis of the terminal illness, and were paralleled by refusal of medical interventions including palliative treatments. Many family members were reluctant to support these requests until they recognized the strength of the preference.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗