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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A postero-anterior cephalometric evaluation of adult open bite subjects as related to normals.

Reduced nasal airflow can be the result of enlarged adenoids, hypertrophic turbinates, severely deviated nasal septum, or even narrow nasal cavities. The question of whether the width of the nasal cavity may influence certain facial dimensions examined on the postero-anterior cephalometric X-ray was evaluated through the study of two different groups of subjects. Possible intercorrelations between some other frontal dimensions were also examined in these subjects. The first group consisted of 15 males and 22 females aged from 17 to 25 years diagnosed as having an anterior open bite of at least 2 mm. The second group consisted of 20 males and 16 females aged from 19 to 25 years with a normal Class I skeletal and dental pattern. Postero-anterior cephalometric X-rays were taken for all individuals and the following dimensions were measured: facial width, nasal width, maxillary width, mandibular width, nasal height, and lower facial height. Statistical analysis was performed for the primary linear measurements as well as for certain ratios. Nasal height and lower facial height were found to be significantly increased in both males and females of the open bite group. The ratios of nasal width to lower face height, as well as nasal width to nasal height, were found to differ significantly only between open bite and normal females, being higher in the latter group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Occlusal and functional conditions after surgical correction of anterior open bite deformities.

The dental occlusion and alterations in orofacial muscles were studied in 267 patients whose severe anterior open bite had been treated with a Le Fort 1 intrusion osteotomy with or without an advancement sagittal split osteotomy about 6 years ago. Only 17% of those patients showed anterior contact, and 20% had no vertical overlap of mandibular and maxillary central incisors at all. Tongue position, activity of masticatory muscles, lip competence, lip-incisor relationship, and breathing mode were assessed. Statistically significant correlations were found between tongue positions and occlusion in both the anterior and the posterior regions. In addition, the activity of the masticatory muscles, habitual mouth posture, and interlabial distance were each significantly correlated to overbite, open bite, and overjet. The interlabial distance was also significantly correlated with both breathing mode and mentalis muscle activity. The activity of the masticatory muscles was negatively correlated with tongue position.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Open bite: stability after bimaxillary surgery--2-year treatment outcomes in 58 patients.

Stability after bimaxillary surgery to correct open bite malocclusion and mandibular retrognathism was evaluated on lateral cephalograms before surgery, 8 weeks post-operatively, and after 2 years. The 58 consecutive patients were treated to a normal occlusion and good facial aesthetics. Treatment included the orthodontic alignment of teeth by maxillary and mandibular fixed appliances, Le Fort I osteotomy, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Twenty-six patients also had a genioplasty. Intra-osseous wires or bicortical screws were used for fixation. Twenty-three patients had maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF) for 8 weeks or more, six for 4-7 weeks, 14 for 1-3 weeks, and 15 had no fixation. At follow-up 2 years later, the maxilla remained unchanged and the mandible had rotated on average 1.4 degrees posteriorly. Seventeen patients had an open bite. Among them, eight patients had undergone segmental osteotomies. The relapse was mainly due to incisor proclination. The most stabile overbite was found in the group with no MMF after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Anterior open bite: surgically or orthodontically treated].

OBJECTIVE: To study the boundary between orthodontic and surgical treatment in correction of anterior open bite. METHODS: 70 cases (18.0 ages in average) treated orthodontically and 14 cases (25.1 ages in average) treated surgically were chosen. 154 hard and soft tissue measurements were analyzed by statistical software. RESULTS: A diagnostic index, L1MP, was gained with simple factorial analysis. L1MP </= 89.5 was bound to be treated with surgery. A discriminate function, Z = -0.80188 L1MP + 0.91401 Age + 0.671111 Antigonial notch-MP + 0.599992 SNPg, was produced by multiple factorial discriminate analysis. Z < O is an indication of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic index and discriminate function were both useful in determining which method to be chosen in treatment of anterior open bite. The discriminate function was tested to be more efficient than the diagnostic index.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A cephalometric study of 32 North American black patients with anterior open bite.

The purpose of this research project was to investigate a group of 32 North American black patients with anterior open bite and compare them to the North American black norms established by Altemus and Drummond and to white population norms established by Steiner. In addition, values were established for black patients by use of the overbite depth indicator of Kim. The method involved the tracing of lateral cephalometric radiographs of 32 patients with anterior open bite using the analyses of Tweed, Steiner, and Kim. The resulting angles were added and the means and standard deviations calculated. On the basis of the criteria used for this study, the significant findings were as follows: (1) the maxilla was normally positioned to the cranial base; (2) the upper and lower incisors were procumbent with an acute interincisal relationship; (3) the mandibular position tended to be retrusive to the cranial base; (4) the lower facial height was greater and the mandibular plane angle (GoGn-SN) was smaller than white population standards; and (5) the overbite depth indicator of Kim was smaller for this group than for the white population studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Bilateral congenital trigeminal sensorimotor neuropathy presents as a severe open-bite malocclusion.

Trigeminal neuropathy is commonly seen as a disorder of sensation in the distribution of the fifth cranial nerve. An 18-year-old girl was referred to our hospital because of a severe anterior open-bite deformity with a long face after presurgical orthodontic treatment. Surgical plan was maxillary posterior impaction with anterior advancement, mandibular setback operation, and genioplasty with vertical chin reduction in one stage. One month after surgery she had still difficulty closing her mouth. With the help of her hands, she could close her mouth fully on normocclusion. Weakness of the jaw-closing muscles was confirmed with muscle testing. She had impaired sensation to light touch and pinprick in the distribution of the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the bilateral trigeminal nerves. T1-weighed MRI of the brain showed bilaterally atrophy of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal motor nerve (i.e., the masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, and temporalis muscles). We thoroughly evaluated our patient through history and clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and radiological examinations. The motor and the sensory V2 and V3 branches of the trigeminal nerve were congenitally damaged. As far as we know, this case is the first bilateral congenital trigeminal sensorimotor neuropathy presented with maxillo-mandibular and a severe open-bite deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Dimensions of the palate and dental arches in Greek adults with open bite].

In this study, the relationship of some dimensions of the palate and the dental arches, of 30 adults with open bite and 53 adults with normal occlusion was examined. Statistical analysis showed that in both sexes were found statistically significant differences exactly in the same measurements between the two groups. Statistically significant relationship was found between some dimensions of the dental arches in the group of adults with normal occlusion. This relationship was not found in the open bite group.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Correction of severe vertical maxillary excess with anterior open bite and transverse maxillary deficiency.

Patients requiring correction of large anterior open bites have historically been among the most challenging treatments for orthodontists. Adding to that fundamental challenge for the adult patient in this case was vertical maxillary excess, a severe transverse maxillary deficiency as well as an arch length inadequacy, even though the patient had prior orthodontic treatment. The prior orthodontist had included arch expansion and extracted four first bicuspids, which limited current treatment options. Various treatment modalities that have traditionally been used to correct transverse maxillary deficiency and the accompanying arch length inadequacy include extractions, labial and buccal dental tipping, segmental maxillary osteotomies, and rapid maxillary expansion with or without surgical assistance. Transverse maxillary distraction osteogenesis is a modification (ie, using a latency period and specific rate and rhythm of distraction) of the surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion technique developed 25 years ago. This case demonstrates the relationship of transverse maxillary deficiency as well as vertical maxillary excess to apertognathia. Considerations regarding the use of segmental maxillary osteotomy vs transverse distraction osteogenesis are discussed. This case report illustrates the benefit of a team approach using transverse maxillary distraction osteogenesis, effective orthodontic mechanics, and orthognathic surgery to correct a severe dentofacial deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of a Class III anterior open bite malocclusion: a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach.

Case report of an adult Caucasian female aged 23 years and nine months who complained of some difficulty in chewing and talking. Patient was diagnosed to have a mild Class III skeletal malocclusion with an anterior open bite of 4 mm. Treatment included combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach. Surgery included surgically assisted maxillary expansion, advancement and impaction, a mandibular setback and a vertical, antero-posterior reduction genioplasty. The present case report illustrates a coordinated orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach in the treatment of skeletal open bite deformities.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Condylar remodelling and resorption after Le Fort I and bimaxillary osteotomies in patients with anterior open bite. A clinical and radiological study.

A sample of 259 patients with vertical maxillary hyperplasia, mandibular hypoplasia and anterior vertical open bite, collected from three different institutions, was analysed regarding temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds, condylar remodelling, and condylar resorption. All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomies, and bilateral sagittal split advancement osteotomies were performed in 117 patients. Intraosseous wire fixation was used in 149 and rigid internal fixation in 110 patients. Cephalometric and orthopantomographic radiographs were available before surgery, immediately after surgery, one year postoperatively and at the latest follow up. The mean follow up was 69 months (range 20-210 months). The number of patients with TMJ sounds decreased from 38% to 31%. At the latest follow up 23.6% of the patients showed condylar remodelling, 7.7% unilateral condylar resorption and 7.7% bilateral condylar resorption. Condylar contours, as assessed on orthopantomographic radiographs, were classified as five different types. Condyles with preexisting radiological signs of osteoarthrosis or having a posterior inclination were at high risk for progressive resorption. Female patients with severe anterior open bite, high mandibular plane angle and a low posterior-to-anterior facial height ratio, who underwent a bimaxillary osteotomy, were prone to condylar resorption. Bone loss was predominantly found at the anterior site of the condyle. The incidence of condylar resorption was significantly higher after bimaxillary osteotomies (23%) than after only Le Fort I intrusion osteotomies (9%). Avoidance of intermaxillary fixation by using rigid internal fixation tended to reduce condylar changes, in particular in patients who underwent only a Le Fort I osteotomy. Rigid internal fixation in bimaxillary osteotomies resulted in condylar remodelling in 30% and progressive condylar resorption in 19% of the patients. Condylar changes were not significantly different after using either miniplate osteosynthesis or positional screws in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[A study on improving tongue functions of open-bite children at the mixed dentition period--modifications of a removable habit-breaker appliance and their sonographic analysis].

In open-bite cases at developing dental stages, oral morphologies have been thought to have a close relationship to tongue movement. The aim of this study was to design a new type of removable habit-breaker, and to examine its effects on tongue movement compared with the conventional habit-breaker. The examinees in the mixed dentition period, who had anterior open bite with tongue thrust, consisted of two groups: 10 children who had been treated with conventional habit-breakers with tongue cribs (the upper group), and 10 children treated with the modified habit-breakers (the lower group). And 10 children with normal occlusion of the same age were added, as a control group. The tongue movements during swallowing, with and without the appliances, were analyzed twice: at the start of, and 6 months after, application of the appliances, by sonography. The results were as follows. 1. The design of a habit-breaker was decided according to the results of a preliminary experiment. The appliance had not only a resin-fence but also a tongue-lifting guide. 2. The upper group showed significant changes in the movement only at the lateral margin of the tongue after 6 months, with and without the appliance. 3. The lower group, however, showed significant changes in the movement at the wider area of the tongue, including the central groove formation, just after applying the appliance, and after 6 months, with and without the appliance. 4. The present results indicated that the modified appliance was more effective in improving tongue function than the conventional habit-breaker.

Child↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of open bite connected with tongue overgrowth by means of surgical-orthodontic method].

A case of 17 years old female patient with the open bite connected with dimension enlargement and changed function of the tongue has been described. After the operation of the tongue by means of Reinwald method an active upper base with barrier and rubber traction between paracentral upper and lower incisors have been applied. The open bite was eliminated within one year the speech and appearance of the patient improved at the same time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Cephalometric parameters affecting severity of anterior open bite.

One hundred and four patients with anterior open bite (AOB) were subdivided by statistical means into three distinctly separate groups with AOB of different severity based on the extent of separation of the incisors in the vertical plane. Cephalometric evaluation of all subjects was completed using 24 skeletal and 12 dentoalveolar measurements, and the results were compared between the mild, moderate and severe groups of AOB. The findings suggest that the palatal plane, mandibular occlusal plane, upper anterior dental height and upper posterior dental height correlate significantly with the severity of AOB. In contrast, skeletal jaw relationship in the horizontal plane correlated only weakly with severity. This study further highlighted the steep mandibular occlusal plane as an important indicator of AOB severity in contrast to the maxillary occlusal plane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Stability of transverse maxillary dental arch dimensions following orthodontic-surgical correction of anterior open bites.

A sample of 130 patients with vertical maxillary hyperplasia; mandibular hypoplasia with a high mandibular plane angle; narrow, tapered maxillary dental arch form; and anterior vertical open bite were collected from three different institutions to evaluate the stability of transverse maxillary arch dimensions after correction of the open bite. Surgical treatment consisted of Le Fort I or bimaxillary osteotomies. Intermolar, interpremolar, and anterior arch widths were measured three-dimensionally on dental casts using a Reflex microscope, and transverse stability after orthodontic or surgical maxillary expansion was analyzed. Orthodontic expansion followed by a one-piece Le Fort I intrusion osteotomy was performed in 77 patients, and surgical maxillary expansion by a multisegment Le Fort I intrusion osteotomy was performed in 53 patients. The increase of transverse arch width and the relapse after orthodontic or surgical expansion were not significantly different. The transverse arch width in these two groups did not relapse in 20% of the patients after a mean follow-up of 69 months. An additional bilateral sagittal split osteotomy had no detectable effect on stability. Patients who underwent a multisegment Le Fort I osteotomy stabilized with rigid internal fixation showed better transverse stability than those with intraosseous wire fixation and maxillomandibular fixation. Maxillary intermolar and interpremolar arch width relapses were not correlated with tongue interposition or loss of interdigitation. The relapse of these arch widths showed significant correlations with clockwise rotation of the mandible but not with changes of overbite or overjet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

New generation open-bite treatment with zygomatic anchorage.

This technical note aims to present the fabrication and application of a new generation of posterior intrusion appliances using zygomatic anchorage. The use of zygomatic anchorage enables en masse impaction of the posterior segment without any side effects such as labial flaring. A 14-year-old, female Class II patient with an anterior open bite was treated with a new generation posterior intrusion appliance. At the end of treatment, a Class I canine and molar relationship and a correction of the anterior open bite were achieved. The molars were impacted 3.6 mm, and this impaction was maintained throughout the treatment. The mandibular plane showed a counterclockwise autorotation of 4 degrees. This case report demonstrates that zygomatic anchorage can be used effectively for molar intrusion and anchorage maintenance. However, further clinical studies with larger samples are required to confirm its effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Skeletal open bite correction by combined Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split of the mandibular ramus.

Of over 300 surgically-treated skeletal open bite cases, 10 were corrected by simultaneous repositioning of the maxilla and mandible by means of a Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal splitting of the mandibular ramus. The paucity of cases does not permit detailed statistical evaluation; however of the many parameters investigated, certain appeared to be associated with relapse in this series: short intermaxillary fixation period, skeletal class II, and the surgeon. Despite skeletal relapse in 3 cases, dental compensation precluded the need to re-operate on any of these relapsed cases. This surgical approach to the correction of a skeletal open bite, when indicated on aesthetic and occlusal grounds, is a particularly suitable method, and gives stable results.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Treatment of skeletal open bite with a device for rapid molar intrusion: a preliminary report.

An open bite is one of the most difficult malocclusions the clinician has to deal with. In recent years, interest has increased regarding mechanics that reduce dependency upon patient compliance for success. Some patient-independent mechanism for molar intrusion or vertical control is desirable. The rapid molar intruder (RMI) appliance consists of two elastic modules that are secured to orthodontic bands on the upper and lower first molars. Vertical forces from these modules typically produce intrusion of the permanent molars in four to six months. The RMI modules may be used in the mixed dentition or incorporated in full-fixed mechanics in the permanent dentition. To avoid buccal flaring of the molars, these modules should be attached to a transpalatal arch and a mandibular lingual arch. Case reports are provided to stimulate interest in further investigation of the properties of this appliance.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Severe anterior open bite malocclusion with multiple odontoma treated by C-lingual retractor and horseshoe mechanics.

A fixed lever arm appliance called C-lingual retractor was placed on the lingual aspects of the maxillary anterior teeth in a 16-year-old male patient with a Class II anterior open bite malocclusion. The treatment plan consisted of extracting both upper first premolars and retracting the upper six anterior teeth. A multiple odontoma between the lower left lateral incisor and canine was surgically removed before orthodontic treatment, and a horseshoe appliance was used in the lower dentition for intermaxillary anchorage during the bone-healing period. The transpalatal arches soldered to the upper first and second molar bands were used as an intra-arch anchor unit for upper-space closure. Class II elastics were used buccally between the upper six anterior teeth and the lower horseshoe appliance. We took 13 months to treat the open bite malocclusion. There was a decrease in lip fullness as the upper anterior teeth were retracted, which contributed to a decrease in facial convexity. The treatment result was maintained six months after debonding. Details of the new appliance, clinical procedures, and treatment changes are presented.

Adolescent↗