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170 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A prospective study of the role of bacterial infection and G6PD deficiency in severe neonatal jaundice in Nigeria.

109 Nigerian neonates with serum bilirubin of 12 mg% and above, who presented at the Children's Emergency Room of the University College Hospital, Ibadan between November 1980 and February 1981 were investigated for bacterial sepsis and other causes of hyperbilirubinaemia. A detailed history of exposure to drugs likely to be icterogenic was also taken. Of the 109 infants, 67 (62%) were G6PD deficient and 41 (67%) of the latter had no obvious cause for the precipitation of jaundice. However 106 (97%) of the jaundiced infants had been exposed to agents capable of causing haemolysis in G6PD deficiency; 24 (22%) had bacteriologically proven septicaemia and in only five (4.6%) was sepsis the sole cause of hyperbilirubinaemia. There was no significant differences in the frequency of bacteriologically proven sepsis between the infants with normal or deficient G6PD status. Septicaemia however significantly increased the severity of jaundice among G6PD deficient infants. This study suggests that infection is common in severely jaundiced Nigerian infants and there is a need to reassess the role of exogenous agents in the pathogenesis of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in our community.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1995

Dengue serologic survey in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

The city of Ribeirão Preto suffered a dengue 1 epidemic that began in November 1990 and ended in March 1991. A serologic survey designed to detect IgG antibodies to the four dengue serotypes and other flaviviruses was carried out in Ribeirão Preto during September and October of 1992. Dengue 1 antibodies were detected in 5.4% of the survey participants. Significantly higher seropositivity (9.3%) was found among subjects residing in the Northwest Sector of Ribeirão Preto than among those living in the city's other three sectors. The Northwest Sector also exhibited relatively high levels of breeding sites used by the Aedes aegypti vector, the highest number of reported dengue cases of any sector, and relatively poor socioeconomic conditions. The fact that the epidemic was limited mainly to the Northwest Sector probably resulted mainly from intense vector control and educational measures undertaken in response to the outbreak. As of the 1992 survey, most of the city's population remained vulnerable to dengue 1 infection; however, an estimated 23,000 with dengue 1 antibodies appeared to be at relatively high risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome in the event of infection with dengue 2. Both of these considerations indicate an ongoing need to maintain dengue education and vector control measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative analysis of 1-naphthol in urine of neonates exposed to mothballs: the value in infants with unexplained anaemia.

In Nigeria, severe NNJ is common in babies exposed to mothballs and other icterogenic agents. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was employed for quantitative analysis of 1 and 2-naphtol in the urine of 50 neonates aged one to 19 days. Five of the 25 babies who had a history of exposure to mothballs, and none of the babies without a history of exposure had 1-naphtol in their urine. The value of 1-naphtol ranged between 0.75 and 11.69 micrograms/ml with mean of 5 +/- 5 micrograms/ml. The overall correlation coefficient (r) between bilirubin values and 1-naphtol was 0.1 while it was 1 in the three G-6-PD deficient infants. The procedure will be very useful in the evaluation of infants with unexplained NNJ, anaemia, acute haemolytic jaundice and haemoglobinuria if naphthalene poisoning is suspected.

Anemia↗
PubMed1994

The excitability of blink reflexes in patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders.

The blink reflex and its recovery curve were studied in 12 patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, i.e., juvenile Parkinson's disease (case 1), Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (case 2), anorexia nervosa (case 3), mild developmental delay (cases 4 and 5), a meningomyelocele with winking spasms (case 6), Parkinson's disease (cases 7-10) and OPCA (cases 11 and 12). The cases were divided into 4 groups on the basis of the results, (1) hyperexcitability of facial motoneurons only (case 6), (2) hyperexcitability of facial motoneurons and brainstem interneurons (case 1 and 2), (3) hyperexcitability of brainstem interneurons only (cases 4, 5 and 7-12) and (4) hypoexcitability of both sides (case 3). Therefore, as to the excitability an abnormal pattern of blink reflexes could be a neurophysiologic marker of some neurologic and psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A case of severe milk allergy. Relationship with type I and Type III allergic reactions].

A case of cow's milk allergy related to type I and type III allergic reactions is reported. The patient is a one-month-old girl. She had watery diarrhea and abdominal distention soon after commencement of milk feeding two weeks after birth. She was cyanotic and floppy on admission. Intravenous complete hyperalimentation was tried to combat her diarrhea with good clinical effect. Then feeding with 605Z milk (enzyme digested cow's milk antigen, Meiji Milk Products Co., Ltd.) was started, and the diarrhea improved. Laboratory findings showed positive milk PK test, elevated IgE score, and positive milk specific RAST score, decreased serum complement, elevated levels of each immunoglobulin class of milk specific antibodies, especially milk specific IgG1 antibody and increased complement absorption test. She was diagnosed as having milk allergy related to both type I and type III allergies from the above-mentioned results. Specific antibodies were diminished after feeding with 605Z. Although her mother had not taken cow's milk over the past 10 years, she took a lot of milk during her pregnancy. But her serum milk specific antibodies were not elevated. It was suggested that the baby's antibodies were not derived from her mother but that the baby produced them by herself.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Trends in utilization of obstetric care at Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria. Effects of a depressed economy.

Perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) at Wesley Guild Hospital (WGH), Ilesa, Nigeria, over a ten-year period was retrospectively analysed. The main objective was to determine the trends in the utilization of obstetric care and PNMR in the face of current economic difficulties in Nigeria and to make suggestions for improvement. The average PNMR over the period was 57.8/1000 births. There was a sharp rise in PNMR in 1985 to a peak of 110/1000 in 1987 (p < 0.0001). This was associated with a decline in utilization of maternity services, probably as a result of the introduction of fees for maternity services late in 1984 and increase in economic hardship in Nigeria. Actions are needed to improve enhanced access to obstetric care for the poor. These actions include: improvement in the economic conditions of the people, emphasis on primary health care (PHC) and early referral of high-risk pregnant women to tertiary units.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1998

[Concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in serum and tissues at venous injection of tegafur or 5-FU--clinical study on colorectal cancer].

Tissue and serum concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) after daily slow venous injection of tegafur or 5-FU for 5 days were measured. The serum concentration of 5-FU elevated to the highest level 6 hours after the venous injection (mean: 30 ng/ml). Compared with the tegafur injection, the serum concentration of 5-FU elevated to a higher peak level 6 hours after the 5-FU injection (mean: 827 ng/ml). The serum concentration of 5-FU after the tegafur injection tended to be maintained longer than after the 5-FU injection. When tegafur was injected, the concentration of 5-FU in cancer tissue or lymphnodes was significantly higher than in normal tissue. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected among the concentrations of 5-FU in the above three tissues when 5-FU was injected. Moreover, a significantly higher concentration of 5-FU in lymphnodes was caused by the tegafur injection compared to the 5-FU injection.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗