Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OTOLOGY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Audiologic and otologic characteristics of Pfeiffer syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and type of hearing loss and otopathology in patients with Pfeiffer syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective and prospective study design. SETTING: A pediatric tertiary care hospital. SUBJECTS: Nine patients-ranging in age from 2 to 12 years. METHOD: Hearing levels and middle ear function were assessed using standard procedures. Otoscopy was also conducted. Computerized tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bone were obtained to study outer, middle, and inner ear anatomy. RESULTS: Hearing loss was present in eight of the nine patients. The degree of loss varied but was moderate to severe in most patients. Seven patients had conductive hearing loss and one had mixed loss; none had purely sensorineural loss. Four patients had a history of middle ear effusion. Primary CT findings showed stenosis and/or atresia of the external auditory canal, hypoplasia of the middle ear cavity, and an enlarged middle ear cavity. The ossicles were hypoplastic in a few cases. With one exception, inner ear anatomy was normal. CONCLUSION: Otologic malformations and hearing loss are features of Pfeiffer syndrome. Major factors contributing to hearing loss were anatomic abnormalities of the external auditory canal and middle ear, which can be identified by computerized tomography. Otitis media was also present and may have caused or contributed to the hearing loss. We recommend that the computerized tomographic study, which is often used to evaluate and plan treatment for the craniofacial skeleton, be extended to include a thorough evaluation of otologic structures in patients with Pfeiffer syndrome.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1998

Otologic and audiologic status of Russian children with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, researchers evaluated the otologic and audiologic status of 112 children with repaired cleft lip and palate who had received primary palatal repair by means of Frolova palatoplasty, a surgical technique developed by Dr. Larisa Y. Frolova, founder and director of the National Pediatric Center for Congenital Maxillofacial Pathology, Moscow, Russia. DESIGN: Results of hearing thresholds and tympanograms for these Russian children were compared with data previously reported from a group of 48 children and adults with repaired cleft lip and palate at the University of Florida Craniofacial Center, Gainesville, Florida. RESULTS: There were no substantial differences in hearing thresholds between the two groups, which was surprising in view of the vast differences between middle ear management techniques used in Russia and the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these findings and the growing body of literature favoring a more conservative approach to the management of middle ear effusion in infants with cleft lip and palate, a reexamination of otologic strategies in the United States seems advisable.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1993

Neuro-otological function in X-linked hearing loss: a multipedigree assessment and correlation with other clinical parameters.

Auditory and vestibular investigations were carried out in 19 affected men and 13 obligate female carriers of 7 pedigrees with nonsyndromic hearing loss segregating as an X-linked trait. In addition, high resolution computerised tomographic scanning was carried out in 24 affected males and 12 obligate female carriers. The neuro-otological results confirm that non syndromic X-linked hearing loss is a clinically heterogeneous condition, but radiological assessment of the cochlea revealed two distinct groups: a normal group, and an abnormal group characterised by a bulbous internal auditory meatus, a dilated facial nerve canal and incomplete separation of the basal coil of the cochlea from the internal auditory meatus. Within a given pedigree there was marked consistency of the presence or absence of the CT scan abnormality in the affected males. One third of the obligate female carriers of the radiologically abnormal pedigrees were shown to have a similar abnormal finding, but as two thirds were normal, radiological examination did not predict carrier status. In the affected men, pure tone audiometric data did not correlate with the radiological abnormality, whereas vestibular function was strikingly correlated, being normal in all but one case in pedigrees with normal radiology and absent, or grossly impaired, in the pedigrees with abnormal radiology. Neuro-otological abnormalities were documented in approximately two thirds of the obligate female carriers, but were insufficiently frequent in occurrence or specific in type to be of predictive value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Hearing threshold levels for an otologically unscreened, non-occupationally noise-exposed population in Sweden.

The aim of this study was to investigate the hearing threshold levels (HTL) of an otologically unscreened population in Sweden. The results are compared to other studies of otologically unscreened populations, and a new mathematical model of hearing threshold levels as a function of age is presented. The subjects were males and females aged from 19 to 81 years, selected from the province of Ostergötland in Sweden. The test battery included otoscopy, tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry, and a questionnaire. Subjects exposed to occupational noise were excluded, and in total 603 persons were included in the analysis. The regression analysis resulted in different hyperbolic tangent functions with four parameters: HTL=A+B x tanh(C x age+D).

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1999

Otological complications following basal skull fractures.

A retrospective review is presented of 50 patients, with a basal skull fracture, who had radiological or clinical evidence of temporal bone involvement. The study looks at the incidence of significant otological symptoms reported during the admission and we review the subsequent patient management. We propose that all patients presenting with a head injury, and one or more of a number of symptoms characteristic of a temporal bone fracture, should automatically have an otological assessment. This will facilitate the early detection and subsequent follow up of potentially correctable middle ear disorders. We review the literature to highlight the high incidence of complications associated with these fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The role of areolar tissue on otologic surgery].

Areolar tissue is a loose conjunctive tissue, located between the fascia temporalis superficialis and the temporal aponeurosis. It can be used in several circumstances during otologic surgery. First, in stapes surgery, it can be used as an interposition between the piston and the platinotomy. Its thickness has no equivalent in comparison with other temporal tissues, explaining in part its usefulness in this indication. In perilymphatic fistula surgery, the areolar tissue is especially recommended for round window and oval window grafting because of its spontaneous adhesive capacity. It can be useful in myringoplasty, to reenforce an atrophic tympanic membrane or to close a small perforation. Also areolar tissue can be used as a flap or as a free graft to reconstruction of the external acoustic meatus. It's a good conjunctive support, which can be covered by skin graft. Finally areolar tissue is an interesting and useful material for otologic surgery. Its qualities are complementary to those of the temporal aponeurosis.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exit-site care with ciprofloxacin otologic solution prevents polyurethane catheter infection in peritoneal dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: Mupirocin ointment and antiseptics are standard cleansing agents in routine exit-site care of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters, but these agents have a deleterious effect on polyurethane devices. We assessed the effectiveness of topical use of ciprofloxacin otologic solution for preventing exit-site infection (ESI) in PD patients with polyurethane catheters. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Service of Nephrology of an acute-care teaching hospital in Galdácano, Bizkaia, Spain. PATIENTS: A total of 164 patients with polyurethane catheters inserted was studied from start of continuous ambulatory PD to the end of a 24-month period. Patients were divided into two groups according to exit-site treatment protocols. INTERVENTION: Patients in group 1 (n = 86) were instructed on daily exit-site care with soap and water only; whereas patients in group 2 (n = 78) cleansed with soap and water, followed by application of a single-dose vial of 0.5 mL ciprofloxacin (1 mg) for application around the insertion site. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Episodes of ESI and peritonitis. RESULTS: There were 67 episodes of ESI among patients in group 1 versus 9 episodes among patients in group 2 (p < 0.05), resulting in a rate of 0.41 and 0.06 episodes per patient-year of exposure, respectively (p < 0.001). Staphylococcus aureus ESI rate was 0.34 in group 1 versus 0.06 in group 2 (p = 0.001). Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogens occurred in 11 patients in group 1 and in no patients in group 2 (p = 0.05). Peritonitis due to S. aureus ESI was significantly less frequent among patients treated with ciprofloxacin (1 vs 9 cases, p = 0.001). Removal of the catheter was necessary in 5 patients in group 1 and in no patients in group 2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Daily application of ciprofloxacin otologic solution at the exit site of PD patients with polyurethane catheters inserted significantly reduces the rate of ESI caused by S. aureus and other organisms, particularly P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bovine costal cartilage as material for otologic reconstruction: anatomo-functional results].

The Authors present their experience in using bovine cartilage as otological material reconstruction. Cartilage of the ribs is to collect from selected bred cattle and is first placed in an antibiotic solution for 3 days and then in a 70% ethyl alcohol in which it is stored for 20 days before being utilized. One hundred-nineteen cartilage heterografts have been implanted in the middle ear since January 1989. We report the results of 86 cases which were included in a followed study for at least 12 months. Bovine cartilage was used in 47 canal up techniques, 28 canal down techniques and 11 anatomic and functional rehabilitation of old radical cavities. The result prove most encouraging. In 74 cases we observed good anatomical results characterized by a new, intact eardrum with no sign of inflammation or a cavity lined with normal epithelium. No extrusion was found. Removal of cartilage implanted after a year enabled us observe the high tolerance of the graft and to carry out further histological examination. The histological findings indicated normal and intact cartilagineous matrix, lined with fibrous tissue and mucosa with no evidence of condrocytes. In cases in which the heterografts were utilized for ossiculoplasty, the post-operative air-bone gap was 11.1 dB and the mean hearing gain was 26.3 dB. Moreover, bovine cartilage is easily obtainable and available in pieces of sizes necessary for specific purposes in otologic surgery. Cartilage heterografts might well be a good alternative to autologous and homologous cartilage grafts.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Superficial haemosiderosis of the central nervous system, neuro otological manifestations and images from a magnetic resonance brain scan: a case report].

INTRODUCTION: Superficial haemosiderosis of the central nervous system (SHCNS) is an infrequent clinical entity; it is produced by the formation of clinically silent haemosiderin deposits in the leptomeninges, the subpial tissue, the cranial nerves and spinal cord, secondary to chronic bleeding in the subarachnoid space. Aetiology is idiopathic in half the cases or secondary to a vascular malformation or other structural abnormalities. At least 100 cases have been reported in the literature, most of which were diagnosed post mortem. In these descriptions there is a predominance of cerebellar ataxia, progressive hypoacusis, nystagmus, recurring headaches, pyramidal signs, an absence of caloric responses and xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance (MR) brain scanning in T2 revealed hypointensity in the brain stem, the cerebellum and the Sylvian fissure, with atrophy of the cerebellum and the brain stem. CASE REPORT: A 64 year old male with bilateral tinnitus and progressive neurosensory hipoacusis, who visited because of loss of balance, urinary incontinence and oscillopsia. The patient s personal history included an episode of unbearable headache at the age of 53. The neurological and neuro otological examination was pathological and the MR brain scan confirmed the diagnosis of SHCNS. CONCLUSIONS: We wish to highlight how extremely rare this entity is, and especially so when there is a predominance of progressive neuro otological manifestations; we also want to emphasize the importance of carrying out specific imaging studies to enable a diagnosis to be made while the patient is still alive.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metallic otologic implants: in vitro assessment of ferromagnetism at 1.5 T.

MR imaging is contraindicated for patients with certain ferromagnetic implants because of potential risks related to movement or dislodgement. This is especially true for metallic implants located in sensitive areas of the body, such as those placed in and around the ear. Therefore, the ferromagnetic qualities of 35 different metallic otologic implants were assessed by placing them individually on a millimeter scale in a plastic petri dish that was slowly moved into the center of a 1.5-T MR imaging system. None of the metallic otologic implants moved during this procedure. The results demonstrate that each of these implants are made from nonferromagnetic materials and do not pose a risk to patients undergoing high-field-strength MR imaging. These data effectively expand the list of metallic implants that appear to be safe for MR imaging.

Cochlear Implants↗
PubMed1991

Otologic manifestations of pseudotumor cerebri.

Otologic manifestations of pseudotumor cerebri heightened awareness of pseudotumor cerebri and its varied subtle presentations will allow for a more expedient diagnosis by the otolaryngologist. Pseudotumor cerebri is defined as increased intracranial pressure and papilledema without a mass lesion or obstruction of the ventricular system. Presenting symptoms most commonly are headache and visual dysfunction. However, patients may present with associated symptoms of tinnitus, dizziness and hearing loss. These patients may be seen first by the otolaryngologist. Fourteen patients with a diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri are reviewed. Nine of the 14 patients had neurotologic symptoms during the course of their evaluation. Pseudotumor cerebri is a diagnostic challenge. Keys to diagnosis are a high index of suspicion, careful history and funduscopic examination in patients with unexplained neuro-otologic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hydroxylapatite canal wall reconstruction in patients with otologic dilemmas.

Posterior canal wall reconstruction using porous hydroxylapatite (HA), Grote canal wall prosthesis (Richards), has been recommended for obliteration of troublesome "canal-wall-down" procedures. The same method has been utilized during the management of diverse otologic problems. The results obtained encourage the further utilization of this technique in the management of various otologic dilemmas. Indications for reconstruction of the posterior canal wall using HA are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hearing and otologic disorders in children with Down syndrome.

Hearing impairment and otologic problems have been reported to be prevalent among individuals with Down syndrome. This study was designed to determine whether children with Down syndrome have a higher prevalence of auditory abnormalities than do children with other forms of mental retardation. Hearing, impedance, and otoscopic examinations were performed on 30 children with Down syndrome and 30 children without Down syndrome matched for CA and IQ. Results indicated that the children with Down syndrome had a significantly higher prevalence of hearing impairment and otologic disorders.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1988

'Otology at the crossroads' (the second Morell MacKenzie address).

It is an honour for an otological surgeon to be asked to deliver the second Sir Morell MacKenzie address. Thank you for the invitation and for that honour. Exactly 100 years ago MacKenzie, with Norris Wolfenden, founded 'The Journal of Laryngology and Rhinology'. 'Otology' was not added to the title until 1892, the year MacKenzie died. I shall return to this theme later. It is also exactly 100 years since, in 1887, MacKenzie was asked by Queen Victoria to examine her son-in-law, Frederick, Crown Prince of Germany. The controversy and subsequent recrimination which flowed from the management of Frederick's laryngeal lesion I shall leave to future lecturers to assess. It is as the founder of British laryngology that he should be remembered. As early as 1863 he had started the Metropolitan Free Dispensary for Diseases of the Throat and Loss of Voice, the first institution of its kind in the world. He wrote authoritatively on diseases of the throat and invented many instruments for the difficult art of indirect laryngeal and pharyngeal surgery. He received his Knighthood, also in 1887.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1985

[Rarefaction-pressure problem of acoustic stimuli from the neuro-otologic viewpoint].

The differences in response pattern of early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) depending on the two phases (rarefaction & condensation) are well accepted. There are, however, intricacies when EAEP are applied in the otological and neurological fields. Wave V guarantees a fairly good threshold determination. Rarefaction stimuli, however, tend to indicate the threshold more precisely than condensation stimuli. In neurological application, there are different patterns of waves II to V according to the phase, so that different sites of lesions may result. The responses due to rarefaction and condensation stimuli have to be known in the otological and neurological application of the test.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1981

Microscopic otologic photography using a standard 35-mm camera.

For years microscopic otologic photography required expensive sophisticated equipment or specialized camera attachments. Recently one of the authors reported using an automatic 35-mm single lens reflex camera to reproduce high-quality slides. The authors now describe how reliable, inexpensive microscopic otologic photography can be performed using a pre-set standard 35-mm single lens reflex camera without the need for metering, automatic adjustments, or sophisticated equipment.

Cranial Fossa, Posterior↗
PubMed1981

[Use of sodium nitroprusside in otological surgery (author's transl)].

The authors report on the experiment carried out on the use of sodium nitroprusside (NPS) in otological surgery. The acknowledged advantages of NPS over hypotensors and more particularly its spécifically vascular, périphéral, swift action, rapidly reversible, are worth mentioning. Control over the achieved hypotension however, requires careful attention to avoid overdosage which could result in severe hypotension and "cyanhydric" intoxication. The recording of capillary pulse constitutes an easy and reliable solution to the difficulties arising from permanent control of blood-pressure and of peripheral arterial perfusion. The method both produces excellent results permitting bloodless surgery, and allows a reduction of NPS doses giver, without resorting to a invasive for measuring blood pressure. The method used in surgical fields other than otology has already proved very satisfactory.

Capillaries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Report of a case of pneumocephalus secondary to otologic surgery].

Non-traumatic pneumocephalus of otic etiology, secondary to colesteatoma or the otologic surgery is extremely rare, and very few cases are described in the worldwide literature. The existence of air in the intracranial spaces/tracts is known as pneumocephalus. Symptoms are due to the increased intracranial pressure, therefore, a differential diagnosis should be made in order to rule out other expansive processes. Surgical treatment, with closure of the existing fistula, is conclusive. We present a case of tension pneumocephalus secondary to otologic surgery and review the literature existing on the topic.

Chronic Disease↗