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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Role of osmosis in biliary NaCl secretion and bile formation.

To challenge the osmotic hypothesis of biliary NaCl secretion and bile formation, experiments were performed in anaesthetized pigs. An increase in plasma osmolality of 7 +/- 1 mosm/kg H2O induced by intravenous sucrose infusion decreased NaCl secretion, NaHCO3 secretion, and bile flow by 36 +/- 3%, 34 +/- 2%, and 34 +/- 3%, respectively. There was no change in the biliary concentration of NaCl and NaHCO3. When bile acids were infused intravenously, the secretion of 1 mmol bile acids caused an osmotic flow of 12.0 ml bile containing 0.92 mmol NaCl and 0.30 mmol NaHCO3 in an isotonic solution. Bile acids are therefore much stronger choleretic substances than NaHCO3. When the plasma sodium concentration was increased to 200 mM, bile flow increased by 31 +/- 5% and the secretion of bile acids, NaHCO3, and NaCl was increased by 63 +/- 3%, 96 +/- 4%, and 93 +/- 4%, respectively. These data are consistent with osmotic transport as the main mode of bile formation, but diffusion could be responsible for a small fraction. A raised plasma sodium concentration stimulates osmotic formation of bile by increasing both the bile acid-dependent and -independent secretion through stimulation of biliary bile acid and NaHCO3 secretion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a method of membraneless osmosis for concentrating proteins from molecularly dispersed and colloidally-dispersed solutions].

Theoretical principles, practical realizations, and future trends in the use of the method of protein concentration based on thermodynamic incompatibility of proteins with polysaccharides are reviewed. The relationship between structural features of these biopolymers (molecular weight, rigidity, and conformation of the polysaccharide chain; nature and ionogenic properties of its functional groups; the type of protein and state of its molecules), as well as major physicochemical parameters (pH, ionic strength, and temperature) and mechanical shift energy of the system on one hand and its phase diagram on the other hand, are discussed.

Colloids↗
PubMed1975

Osmosis without solute.

Van't Hoff's misconception of the kinetics of solutes in a solution was long ago displaced by the thesis about osmotic water migration caused by the difference in chemical potential on the two sides of the semipermeable membrane. Consequently the osmotic process was now investigated when normal water and heavy water were separated by the "semipermeable" membrane. Due to the difference between the chemical potentials a substantial osomotic pressure was measured on the side of the heavy water simultaneously with a significant migration of water on both sides.

Biological Transport↗