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PubMed1991

[Current situation of occupational diseases in physicians and medical personnel].

In the introduction the social law bias of occupational diseases, the current list of occupational diseases and the importance of injuries to health by work and occupation are presented. Regarding physicians as a whole and the medical staff it refers to a numerically important occupational group. It has different scope of duties, it is not homogeneous structured and shows different potentials of danger. It is therefore appropriate to separate into three spheres of danger. The occupational hazards of physicians and the medical staff are wellknown. The existing statistics from the period 1978 to 1983 and the documentation of occupational diseases from 1984 to 1988 are discussed. In the three spheres of danger the infectious diseases and the skin diseases are numerically important. In the last ten years a considerable reduction of job related infectious diseases can be recorded, the number of toxic and allergic skin diseases remains constant. Improved hygienic conditions, health surveillance examinations has created positive influences on the process of occupational diseases in the field of medical health care occupations.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

[Occupational diseases in Poland, 2005].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to present basic statistical data on occupational diseases diagnosed and certified in 2005. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work is based on the data compiled from "Occupational Disease Reporting Forms" received by the Central Register of Occupational Diseases in 2005. The data comprised information on individual diseases, gender and age of patients, and duration of occupational exposure to harmful agents responsible for the development of specified pathologies. These data were further classified by sectors of the national economy and voivodships (provinces). The incidence was specified in terms of the number of cases per 100,000 paid employees and per 100,000 employed persons. RESULTS: In Poland, the number of occupational diseases diagnosed in 2005 accounted for 3249 cases. The incidence rate was 34.8 cases per 100,000 paid employees. The highest incidence rates were noted for: chronic disorders of the voice organ (7.3 per 100,000), pneumoconioses (7.2), infectious and parasitic diseases (6.6) and permanent bilateral hearing loss (3.6). As much as 73.0% of patients affected by occupational diseases had been exposed to harmful agents for more than 20 years. In the industrial sectors of the national economy, the highest incidence was noted among workers employed in the mining industry (281.7 cases per 100,000 paid employees), particularly in coal mining (325.2). The highest incidence rates were recorded in the Podlaskie (87.3), Lubelskie (82.1), and Silesian (66.3) voivodships. CONCLUSION The incidence of occupational diseases in Poland continues to abate. The downward trend is primarily due to a lower incidence of chronic diseases of the voice organ and hearing loss. However, an increased number of cases of infectious and parasitic diseases, mainly borreliosis, was revealed.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1983

[Epidemiology of occupational diseases in the shipyard in 1968-1979].

717 cases of occupational disease diagnosed in the shipyard during 1968-1978 were analysed epidemiologically. High incidence of occupational diseases was found in the population examined, with a decreasing tendency during recent two years. Results of measurements of hazards concentrations and intensities, exhibiting often exceeded MAC values, along with quantitative distribution of particular occupational diseases, indicated evident impact of the shipyard working environment on the occurrence of those diseases, the morbidity risk being the highest at the workstations of forgemen, welders, and painters. Welders were Most frequently afflicted with pneumoconioses (45.9%), forgemen--with occupational hearing impairments (78.5%) and painters--maintenance technicians with dermatoses (44.6%). Occupational diseases prevalence was 6.5 fold higher among workers aged over 40 than among younger workers.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Notification of occupational diseases by general practitioners in the Western Cape.

BACKGROUND: Notification of occupational diseases to the Department of Labour (and in limited situations to other agencies) is an important aspect of surveillance and planning for interventions as well as compensation. A survey of general practitioners (GPs) was conducted to assess their knowledge and practice with regard to reporting of occupational diseases. DESIGN: Descriptive telephonic survey. SETTING: Independent general practices in the Western Cape. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and forty GPs were randomly selected from a provincial sampling frame of 1,000 GPs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge of notification procedures for occupational diseases, and problems encountered with the reporting system. RESULTS: Of a total of 109 GPs interviewed, 75% had diagnosed more than one case of occupational disease in the last 6 months. Twenty-four per cent of the total (95% confidence interval (CI) 16-32%) indicated that they were aware of the notification requirements, and 5% (95% CI 0.8-9%) knew the appropriate legislation. Only one GP notified the appropriate authority once the diagnosis was made. Factors influencing their reporting practice included lack of guidelines for diagnosis of common work-related conditions, lack of information regarding referral channels, problems with communicating with the patient and employer, and poor knowledge of the reporting process itself. Lack of motivation as a result of poor feedback on cases reported and the labour-intensive administration required, were also cited as factors. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of GPs diagnose occupational diseases, knowledge and practice regarding notification are poor. Recommendations to overcome obstacles to notification include a simplified, uniform notification system, adequate training and support of GPs, and timeous feedback to GPs.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2002

[Occupational diseases among personnel of Polish hospitals, 2001].

The paper presents the data provided by the Central Register of Occupational Diseases in Poland on the compensated occupational diseases among hospital personnel, registered in 2001. The trends in the incidence of occupational diseases in this population over the period 1994-2001 are also discussed. In total, 394 new cases of occupational diseases among the hospital personnel were registered in 2001, which makes up 52.1% of all cases recorded under the "Health and social work" section of occupational activities, according to the Nomenclature des Activities de Communite Europeene. Most of these cases were found among nurses (47%), followed by physicians (15%), laboratory analysts (11.5%), orderlies (11%), and dentists (3%) and referred mainly to females (84.8%). Contagious and invasive diseases prevailed, constituting 73.9% of all cases. Viral hepatitis made up 72.5% of all registered contagious and invasive diseases: HBV was diagnosed in 46%, HCV in 50.2% and HBV + HCV in 1.8% of all viral hepatitis cases. Dermatoses, mostly of allergic etiology, were the second most prevalent diseases (11.4%), and were most frequently associated with exposure to latex, thiurams, mercaptobenzothiazole and non-specified rubber compounds-73% of all factors causing allergic dermatoses. Chronic diseases of locomotor system, chronic diseases of peripheral nervous system, chronic diseases of bronchi, chronic inflammation of nose, pharynx, larynx and trachea, and intoxications were also reported. Almost twofold decrease in the incidence rate in the population of workers referred to "Health and social work" activity section was observed in 2001 compared to 1994. The decrease in the number of the registered occupational diseases seen in the hospital employees was mostly due to the effective anti HBV prevention programs carried out in Poland among health care personnel since 1989.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in woodworkers, an occupational disease? (author's transl)].

A 59-year-old carpenter, 44 years in his profession had an adenocarcinoma of the ethmoids. Similar cases have been described previously in foreign literature. This disease has been accepted as an occupational disease in England. The question is whether this disease, provoked by fine wood-dust may be observed in Germany too; whether the chemical wood ingredients and those being produced during fine-sanding may be carcinogenic. In gaschromatograms the wood ingredients have been demonstrated using oak and beech wood. It is proposed that comparable cases be collected in Germany in order to have a sufficient number of cases for a statistic base. This would make it possible to add this disease to the German list of occupational diseases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

[Disk-related diseases of the lumbar spine as an example for the critical interaction between clinical diagnosis and occupational disease].

First an overview of the significance of musculoskeletal diseases in terms of national economy and social politics is given, and then the historical development of the occupational disease "disk-related spinal disorders" is outlined. The most important court decisions and the actual state of jurisprudence on this matter are summarized, emphasizing the questions which still have to be answered in the course of medical evaluation of a spinal occupational disease. Based on a joint research project on the spinal effects of whole-body vibrations, an analysis of lumbar X-rays is presented which aimed at detecting specific patterns of response corresponding to the respective extent of strain. In spite of a statistically significant relationship between the clinical diagnosis of a lumbar syndrome and the severity of the degenerative radiological changes on the one hand and vibration exposure on the other hand, the evaluation of the lumbar X-rays did not show any clear radiological pattern related to the exposure. Furthermore, starting points for prevention are discussed. With regard to whole-body vibration, the technical possibilities of reducing the amount of vibration load are still not completely exhausted. However, during preventive measures of occupational health usually carried out as medical screening examinations, the occupational health physician again will face some of the same problems which have already been met with respect to the medical evaluation. Thus, a suggestion is made to modify the traditional concepts of the Professional Industrial Associations on occupational diseases in order to take into account the peculiarities of disk-related spinal disorders.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Victoria M. Trasko: champion of state-based surveillance of occupational diseases in the United States, 1937 to 1971.

Victoria M. Trasko (1907-1979), a relatively unknown figure to many currently practicing occupational health specialists, was a pioneer in state-based surveillance of occupational diseases in the United States. To highlight her accomplishments during her career with the United States Public Health Service from 1937 to 1971, this report briefly reviews her publications on occupational disease surveillance. Her span of work includes guidelines for state industrial hygiene programs, numbers of workers in state occupational health programs, compilation of state and local laws related to industrial hygiene, proposals for standardized reporting of occupational disease, and analysis of trends in workers' compensation and mortality statistics for occupational diseases. She pilot tested the first state-based model system for occupational disease reporting in the United States. She documented the great difficulty experienced by states in getting physicians to report cases of occupational diseases, and pointed out that surveillance of other existing data sources was worthwhile, at least for some occupational diseases. She was the first to report on the distribution of silicosis cases in the United States by state, industry, and job title. She was the first to comment on mortality trends for the pneumoconioses and to document problems in comparability between different International Classification of Disease (ICD) periods.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Voluntary reporting system for occupational disease: pilot project, evaluation.

For 18 months (1983-84), a pilot program was set up to promote the reporting of occupational disease by physicians to a local health agency. The objectives of the program were to increase the awareness among physicians of occupational disease in their practice, assist physicians in the diagnosis and management of the cases, and to provide a mechanism for public health intervention in hazardous working conditions. After discussions with leaders in the medical community, the program was initiated by a letter from the State Health Commissioner to physicians in the pilot county. A single-page reporting form was included with the letter. A bimonthly newsletter to primary care physicians was also begun. Additional educational activity included presentation of grand rounds and a one-day medical conference on the recognition of occupational disease at the single hospital in the county. All physicians reporting occupational disease received copies of all industrial hygiene reports as well as relevant medical literature from the industrial hygienist assigned to investigate all reports by physicians. Only six reports of occupational disease were received. However, three of the six reports resulted in significant intervention. A questionnaire evaluation of the program indicated that there was resistance to involvement in reporting occupational disease, although physicians do recognize occupational disease in their practices regularly.

Argyria↗
PubMed2002

[Occupational diseases--epidemiologic evaluation of the situation in Poland].

The incidence of occupational diseases is one of the basic indices of the effectiveness of prevention in the area of occupational health. It allows for the identification of jobs, plants and branches of the national economy with potentially increased risks for pathologies induced by working conditions. However, we should be aware of the fact that many of the recently diagnosed diseases result from long-term exposures experienced at work sites which are no longer under operation. The analysis was based on data included in occupational disease certificates. All sanitary and epidemiological stations throughout the country are committed to notify cases of occupational diseases to the National Register of Occupational Diseases at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź. After a significant increase in the number of occupational diseases (8305-12,017 cases per year) observed in 1980-1998, its decrease has been noted in Poland over the recent two years (9982 cases in 1999 and 7339 in 2000). In 1998-2000, a substantial decrease in the decreasing rate was also found (from 117.3 to 73.9 per 100,000 employed), which means that the decreasing trend does not result only from the increasing size of the working population in Poland. In 2000 like in previous years, among occupational diseases the following ones were most often diagnosed: diseases of vocal organ due to excessive voice effort most common in teachers, occupational hearing loss, pneumoconiosis, contagious and invasive diseases, dermatoses, chronic diseases of bronchi, vibration syndrome as well as acute and chronic poisonings. There were registered 6626 cases of the above listed diseases, that is 90.3% of all occupational diseases. In 1998-2000, a significant decrease in the incidence of this category of diseases was noted. The largest decrease applied to the vocal organ diseases, occupational hearing loss and contagious and invasive diseases (by 30%, 51% and 40%, respectively). Neither in the member states of the European Union, nor in the USA, vocal organ pathologies are listed among occupational diseases. The main reason for this is an inappropriate medical prevention in the group of teachers and somewhat limited opportunity to teach them how to use techniques of voice emission. A decreased incidence of occupational diseases observed in Poland in 1998-2000 results partly from improvements in working conditions and partly from more effective prevention.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Occupational disease in Connecticut, 2000.

This study was designed to establish the magnitude and distribution of reported occupational diseases in Connecticut based on 1998 data. Occupational disease is a reportable disease in Connecticut, yet is under-reported particularly for chronic conditions. The number of reported occupational diseases was 3,556 from workers' compensation reports, 1,444 from physician reports, and 5,510 from the Connecticut OSHA-Labor Department survey. Musculoskeletal disorders dominate the reports in all three databases, ranging from 46% to 62% of all illness reports. Skin conditions range from 8% to 18%; lung conditions from 9% to 16%; and infections from 1% to 18%. There are approximately 1.52 million workers in Connecticut, which results in a rate of 36.2 cases of occupational disease per 10,000 workers based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics figures. These conditions are broken down by type, industry, and cause. Improved identification of work linkages can lead to better treatment and job placement, as well as improved prevention.

Connecticut↗
PubMed1993

Occupational diseases developed as a result of severely injured nervous system: acute and chronic neurotic effects.

Some results of multiple epidemiological, clinical, electroneurophysiological, and psychological studies that reveal different types of neurotoxicoses are presented in this work. Under conditions of present-day industry, when a worker is exposed to concentrations close to but below the maximum allowable concentrations, or MAC values, of toxic substances, acute neurotoxicoses rarely develop, occurring perhaps only in catastrophies. Acute intoxications may be accompanied by mass hysteria, which impedes etiological diagnosis and prognosis. Vegetative polyneuropathy is the most common type of chronic intoxication where central vegetative disorders sometimes precede the peripheral ones. Clear forms of intoxication caused by neurotrophic poisons show stable torpid development during subsequent phases of a disease despite the absence of contact with the toxicant.

Carbon Disulfide↗