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The article focuses on the Polish medical community's lack of interest in its own material medical legacy. In addition, it furnishes examples of museums, collections and exhibitions devoted to the history of medicine in the countries of Western Europe.
In the 1920's concern about the rising number of disabled unemployed urban poor led to the founding of the AVO (Dutch organization for labour care for the disabled) in 1927. The AVO presented the problem of the vulnerability of the physically and mentally disabled in the labour market as a matter of collective responsibility. At the Amsterdam AVO congress of 1928 expert contributors discussed the economic, social and medical aspects of disability and work. Simultaneously, a museum exhibition aimed at arousing the interest of the general public and at promoting a more understanding attitude towards the disabled. Though the twofold AVO manifestation raised an immediate favourable general response and the subject was put on the political agenda, the subsequent economic recession and war forestalled concrete measures. Essentially it was the first public debate on disability in the Netherlands.
The collection of the museum of Materia Medica of the Faculty of Pharmacy, consists of some 400 samples, including poppy capsules and opiums of various geographical origins (indigenous, Turkish, Persian, Egyptian, Indian and Chinese) and numerous tools related to the production of these drugs. Most samples were collected during the XIXth and XXth centuries.
We present a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to simultaneously distinguish the two Anopheles gambiae M and S molecular forms and Anopheles arabiensis. This method uses different diagnostic sites than previously published methods, and it is based on the amplification of a smaller ribosomal DNA fragment. We have tested this protocol in a variety of samples from different geographic regions and various ages of preservation to ascertain the robustness of this protocol over a wide geographic window and on DNA templates of poor quality. This procedure is as efficient as previous ones in discriminating An. arabiensis from the two taxa in An gambiae s.s. However, it performs better than others on poor quality templates such as the ones from museum collections, and poorly stored field collected material. However, it must be noted that it does not allow the simultaneous discrimination of all the species in the An. gambiae complex.
Ehrenberg, one of the most important scientists of the 19th century, was born in the little town of Delitzsch, north of Leipzig. The paper deals with the life and scientific work of Ehrenberg, and especially with the Ehrenberg Collection, its origins and exhibits, in the museum of Schlob Delitzsch.
This article introduces a new science museum, one that works actively to engage its audience in learning about the structure and functioning of the human organism, so that it can be understand life and thus protect its quality.
Burdenko N.N. Main military-and-clinical hospital fund in Military-and-medical museum the Russian Federation's Ministry of defense amounts to over 300 units of keeping - written and material sources, photodocuments in connection with the first Russian state medical and educational organization's activity.
The paper presents a compact description of those resources of the Freud Museum most relevant for the Freud scholar: 1. the Archives with its collection of letters, documents, photos, and press cuttings from the 1920s and 1930s, as well as reproductions of paintings and photos of tourist features, compiled by Freud himself; 2. Freud's archaeological collection; 3. Freud's library.
The author describes the long search for a suitable place for the museum as well as the five years of planning, reconstructing and arranging the new display of often unique objects. The idea is to present the history of medicine with a view to lead the visitor to a better understanding of medicine in general and thus to a rather confident attitude towards the medicine of to-day.
This paper deals with the historic aspects of the XIXth century section of the Museum. Pictures, documents, objects and instruments of physicians at that time are displayed. This is the time of birth and development of Medical Education in Chile, with the creation of the School of Medicine (1833) and the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Chile (1843). New hospitals (Salvador, San Vicente and San José) were founded around 1872. The first Faculty members came from Spain, England, France and Germany, and were joined by some Chilean professionals. The new School of Medicine Building was inaugurated in 1889 and the Bureau of Public Health created at that time. The first Chilean physicians to obtain fellowships around 1874 brought the specific and technological advances found in Europe.
During the european "belle epoque" and the period of positivism, Chilean medicine under a parliamentary regime, experienced great progress. Biomedical research began at the laboratories of the School of Medicine, University of Chile; the Sanitary Code, dictated in 1918, and the creation of the Ministry of Health (1924) may be considered the origin of social medicine in Chile; a new school of Medicine in Concepcion and Schools of Dentistry and Pharmacy in Santiago were created. Main public hospitals in Santiago and the "Asistencia Pública" were inaugurated at that time. Paintings of prominent physicians related to these activities are in display in the Museum. Most of the deans and distinguished professors of Medicine at that time had considerable political influence, many of them being simultaneously involved in governmental positions. This may explain why resources became available for a process which may be described as the development of Chilean medicine to serve the people.
The inauguration of the reorganized Museum Synagogue Gröbzig gives rise to remind of the fascist race terror, the first phase of which is periodized for the years between 1933 and 1938. Documentations from the era further dating back make recognize already formerly preformed ways which initiated those events having reached their first culmination point with the excesses of 1938. Also in the Medical Faculty of Halle University these events left deep traces.
At three works of art in possession of the Germanic National Museum, Nürnberg, the attempt was made of diagnosing dermatologic alternations. The three paintings show naevi pigmentosi, basaliomas and varicosis.
A museum was founded by Rudolf Virchow at the Institute for Pathology of the Charité. Although initially based on the pathologic specimens collected by his predecessors, Virchow's tremendous efforts lead a rapid increase in the number of specimens and these numbered more than 23,000 at the time of his death. In accord with Virchow's wishes a special building was constructed to house the collection and to make it accessible to the public. It was opened on June 27, 1899. Most of the specimens were destroyed as a result of the war during 1939-1945. About 500 specimens from Virchow's famous collection have survived and are exhibited at present at the Charité's Institute of Pathology.
The collection of human and animal anomalies which was legally required in Prussia in the 18th and 19th centuries is described. A governmental order given to physicians in 1776, initiated the collection. The regulations were further elaborated later. The actual working of the program is illustrated using examples and the route by which such preparations reached the Pathologic Museum, opened in 1899 in the Charité, is described.
A technique of dissection of the sinuatrial node and of the atrioventricular node and main conducting bundles of the ox heart, without injection, is described. Museum specimens prepared in this way are illustrated.
An exhibit at the McCord Museum of Canadian History, which runs until November, marks the centennial of the discovery of the x-ray. Among the items on display are a portable field x-ray machine used during World War I and one of the machines commonly found in shoe stores between 1930 and 1950 to x-ray customers' feet. The exhibit also features one of the first scanners used in North America. Dr. Denis Melançon, a radiologist at the Montreal Neurological Institute, was the driving force behind the McCord exhibit. "I wanted to show [not only] the historical and scientific aspects of the discovery, but also its medical and social applications," he says.
This paper outlines the origins of the British Dental Association's Museum in London and discusses a few of the items in its collection. It then goes on to consider some strategic issues and plans for the future.