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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The preparation of mouse VH fragments and the characterization of heterologous anti-mouse VH antibodies.

VH fragments were prepared from several mouse IgM molecules by cyanylation. In all cases VH fragments were purified to homogeneity by using Ig light chain affinity columns. Several different anti-VH antisera were prepared in rabbits and the specificities of these antibodies were studied. Two patterns of cross-reactivities were observed: (a) some anti-VH antibodies reacted only with closely related VH molecules, e.g., anti-VH HPC52 anti bodies reacted only with VH of phosphorylcholine-binding myeloma or hybridoma proteins, and concordantly, stained about 4% of mouse spleen B cells; (b) on the other hand, antisera-like anti-VH 104E and 8916 antibodies were very cross-reactive. Binding assays showed that both of these anti-VH antibodies reacted with 50-60% of mouse immunoglobulins. However, they recognized mainly nonoverlapping populations of mouse immunoglobulins, and thus the pool of these antibodies reacted with about 95% of mouse VH regions. Concordantly, anti-VH 104E antibodies stained in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis more than 50% of mouse spleen B cells. Cross-reactive anti-VH antibodies ("anti-framework") did not stain T cells nor did they immunoprecipitate VH-like molecules which were synthesized by T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Transient expression of the cloned mouse c-Ha-ras 5' upstream region in transfected primary SENCAR mouse keratinocytes demonstrates its power as a promoter element.

The mouse Ha-ras oncogene is activated by point mutation and overexpressed in developing papillomas during two-stage skin carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice. One of our research aims is to characterize the factors regulating Ha-ras gene expression at the transcriptional level in SENCAR mouse epidermis. Towards this goal, we sequenced 1400 bp of the 5' upstream region of the mouse Ha-ras gene so as to characterize various cis-regulatory elements present in the gene. We identified seven sites with the proper consensus sequence for binding the SP1 transcription factor and three potential binding sites for the CTF-1 factor. In addition, we located a 13-base sequence with 92% homology to the consensus sequence for an estrogen response element and two hexamers with consensus sequences identical to the core sequence of the glucocorticoid response element. A series of transient gene expression vectors was constructed in which various regions of the mouse Ha-ras 5' upstream region were fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. These expression plasmids were transfected into newborn and adult primary SENCAR epidermal cells, the epidermal cell population that presumably contains the stem cells involved in two-stage skin tumorigenesis. Transient gene expression assays carried out after 48-72 h indicated that a 2.3-kb Ha-ras 5' fragment produced CAT activity comparable to that produced by pSV2CAT and pdolCMVCAT, both of which are plasmids with strong viral promoters and enhancers driving CAT gene expression. Maintenance of transfected keratinocytes under both nondifferentiating (0.05 mM calcium) and differentiating (1.2 mM calcium) culture conditions demonstrated that the mouse Ha-ras upstream region was relatively unresponsive to changes in calcium concentration in transient expression assays carried out in either newborn or adult keratinocytes. Our results demonstrated the power of the cloned mouse Ha-ras promoter and upstream region in driving transient gene expression after transfection into primary keratinocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cloning of the mouse interleukin 2 receptor gamma chain: demonstration of functional differences between the mouse and human receptors.

We isolated a cDNA clone for the gamma chain of the mouse interleukin 2 receptor. Introduction of the mouse gamma chain cDNA clone into a mouse fibroblast cell line, L929, expressing the mouse alpha beta heterodimer IL-2 receptor converted pseudo-high affinity of the IL-2 receptor into functional high, resulting in internalization of IL-2 and induction of the c-myc, c-fos and c-jun genes. The mouse beta gamma heterodimer, however, failed to bind IL-2 unlike the human beta gamma heterodimer intermediate-affinity receptor. These results indicate that the mouse functional IL-2 receptor is a complex comprising three distinct subunits, alpha, beta and gamma chains, but the beta gamma heterodimer is not functional and different from the human heterodimer.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Chromosomal localization of the mouse and rat DNA double-strand break repair genes Ku p70 and Ku p80/XRCC5 and their mRNA expression in various mouse tissues.

The Ku p70 and Ku p80/XRCC5 genes are involved in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination, and their gene products are the components of the DNA-dependent protein kinase. We have determined the chromosomal locations of the mouse Ku p70 and Ku p80/XRCC5 genes by both in situ hybridization and molecular linkage analysis: the Ku p70 gene was localized to mouse chromosome 15 and rat chromosome 7, and the Ku p80/XRCC5 gene was localized to mouse chromosome 1 and rat chromosome 9. Both genes were mapped to a region of conserved linkage homology among three species, i.e., the mouse, rat, and human. Molecular linkage analysis using interspecific backcross mice revealed that the murine Ku p70 locus was localized 0.7 cM terminal to D15Mit1 and that the murine Ku p80/XRCC5 locus was 0.7 cM proximal to D1Mit46. To determine the size and tissue transcription specificity of the mouse Ku p70 and Ku p80/XRCC5 mRNA, Northern blot analysis was carried out with six mouse tissues. Each tissue expressed one species of the Ku p70 gene transcript with 2.4 kb and one species of the Ku p80/XRCC5 gene transcript with 2.6 kb. In the latter case, however, the brain showed two sizes of transcript, 2.6 and 2.9 kb.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Molecular characterization of the mouse p47-phox (Ncf1) gene and comparative analysis of the mouse p47-phox (Ncf1) gene to the human NCF1 gene.

The cytosolic factor p47-phox (NCF1) is a key component of the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase system, critical for microbicidal activity. The human p47-phox gene has been well characterized and resides on chromosome 7q11. Here we describe the molecular characterization of the mouse ortholog (Ncf1), which maps to distal chromosome 5, and compare the structure of the genes, commenting on the degree of homology. The mouse and human genes contain the same number of exons and introns, but the mouse gene is more compact (7.8 kb versus 15.2 kb). A percentage identity plot analysis comparing the human and mouse genes indicates that sequence homology is generally restricted to exons and does not include any large segment of introns or the 5' flanking sequence. The mouse gene also contains notably fewer repetitive elements than its human counterpart (34% versus 50%). The start of transcription of the mouse gene has been localized to within 12 nucleotides of the translation start site, similar to the human ortholog. Our findings provide an important foundation for investigating the evolutionary history of the p47-phox gene, particularly as it relates to understanding the molecular basis of the p47-phox-deficient autosomal recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2001

Human and mouse IFN-beta gene therapy exhibits different anti-tumor mechanisms in mouse models.

Previously, we suggested that local human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene therapy with replication-defective adenoviral vectors can be an effective cancer treatment. Clinical trials to treat cancers with adenovirus expressing the human IFN-beta gene (IFNB1) has been planned. As a continued effort to explore the mechanisms of action of human IFN-beta gene therapy that can occur in the clinical setting, we tested mouse IFN-beta gene therapy in human xenograft tumors in both ex vivo and in vivo models. Delivery of the mouse IFN-beta gene (Ifnb) caused tumor inhibition; this effect was dependent on the indirect anti-tumor activities of IFN-beta, notably a stimulation of natural killer cells. IFN-beta does not show cross-species activity in its anti-proliferative effect and mouse IFN-beta does not cause as significant an anti-proliferative effect on mouse tumor cells as human IFN-beta causes on human tumor cells. Therefore, we believe that mouse models using either human IFN-beta or mouse IFN-beta gene transfer do not capture all aspects of the action of adenovirus-mediated human IFN-beta gene therapy that may be present in the clinical setting. Due to its multiple mechanisms of action, human IFN-beta gene therapy may be effective in treating human cancers that are either sensitive or resistant to the direct anti-proliferative effect of IFN-beta.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1993

Propagation of human papillomavirus type 11 in human xenografts using the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse and comparison to the nude mouse model.

We report propagation of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 in human xenografts in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse and compare this new animal model for HPV infection to the previously established athymic nude mouse model. HPV-11-infected foreskin fragments grafted under the renal capsule of SCID mice formed large epithelial cysts that had the histologic and immunocytochemical features of HPV infection. This infection was successfully passaged to nude mice. Viral particles that reacted to an antibody directed to HPV-11 virions were identified from samples recovered from the SCID and nude mice. Viral DNA sequence analysis confirmed that the passaged virus was HPV-11. In a comparative experiment of the nude mouse and SCID mouse models, the latter produced HPV-11-infected xenografts that were larger and more often positive for HPV by immunocytochemistry and presence of viral mRNA than those propagated in the former model. Finally, we observed that growth of HPV-11-infected foreskin fragments in the SCID mouse model is not restricted to the kidney as in the nude mouse, but also can occur in the subcutis and the peritoneum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Development of a mouse antiperoxidase secreting hybridoma for use in the production of a mouse PAP complex for immunocytochemistry and as a parent cell line in the development of hybrid hybridomas.

Mouse antibodies are increasingly used as primary antibodies for immunocytochemistry as more mouse monoclonal antibodies are being produced. The localisation of these antibodies by the PAP technique requires mouse antiperoxidase antibody. A monoclonal antiperoxidase would obviate the limitations of production of a polyclonal mouse antiperoxidase. This paper describes the development of a mouse hybridoma producing such an antibody (MAP A6-2) and the use of this antibody to localise a number of mouse primary antibodies by the PAP technique for both light and electron microscopy. The antibodies localised include monoclonal antienkephalin and antityrosine hydroxylase. MAP A6-2 had a higher affinity in immuno-diffusion experiments and gives slightly better staining with an horse radish peroxidase of a different type from that used for immunisation. Staining was optimum with horse radish peroxidase type X whereas horse radish peroxidase type VI was used for immunisation. Also described is the production of a HAT sensitive variant cell line allowing the possibility of using this hybridoma as a parent cell line for the production of hybrid hybridomas secreting bi-specific antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of exogenous mouse interferon on murine fulminant hepatitis induced by mouse hepatitis virus type 2.

We investigated the effect of exogenous mouse alpha- + beta-interferon produced by mouse L cells on the growth of mouse hepatitis virus type 2 (MHV-2) in the liver, the development of liver cell necrosis, and survival in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by MHV-2. Murine fulminant hepatitis was induced in 4-week-old male ICR mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of MHV-2. Mouse interferon (10(3) IU/mouse/day) was intraperitoneally injected every day. Exogenous mouse interferon suppressed both the growth of MHV-2 in the liver tissue and development of liver cell necrosis, and prolonged the survival. It was also found that the earlier mouse interferon was administered, the greater was the prolongation of survival.

Animals↗