[How to write medical paper: Part VIII. Requirements for English abstracts of original articles].
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The authors present the person of Mikolaj of Poland, a thirteenth century doctor, connected with the Princes of Pomerania and Greater Poland, educated in France, and known from his two major writings, Antipocras (Anti-Hypocrates) and Experimenta. On the background of medieval medicine, the methods of healing he suggested appear as unusual and unconventional. He healed with amulets, mud, dung, river and sea water, frogs, moles, vipers, flies and worms. Using them, he produced powders, pills, ointments and oils which were to have outstanding healing results. They were to be used in lithiasis, skin irritations, nephritis, hepatitis, deafness, epilepsy, and toothache. Women might use them as cosmetics, too. Considering thirteenth century medicine, Mikolaj with no doubts represents medieval medical "empiry", creating an interesting alternative against official standards binding doctors of that time.
We have created a tool that allows users unfamiliar with the Arden Syntax and our underlying database to create Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). In a study of this tool (N 16), subjects found it easy to use (mean score - 4.69 on a scale of 1-5, 5 being best). Each subject created 3 MLMs of varying complexity following a protocol. On average, subjects required 312, 308 and 318 seconds, respectively, to complete each MLM. Comparison of clinicians to non-clinicians and those with to those without knowledge of Arden showed no significant difference. Of the 48 MLMs, 47 compiled and executed with appropriate output. Independent manual review of the MLM correlated well and found few errors. We conclude that our tool is easily used by inexperienced persons to write MLMs in the Arden Syntax.
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Based on a number of years' experience by volunteer doctors engaged in the examination and welfare of refugees and asylum-seekers who have claimed that they have suffered torture a scheme of history-taking and physical examination is offered. The role of the medical expert in the investigation of abuse of human rights is discussed, as is the need for the presentation and format of the interpretation to be carefully considered.
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